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Subnetting

The document outlines the processes for converting decimal numbers to binary and vice versa, detailing the steps involved in each conversion. It also provides a comprehensive overview of IP address classes, subnet masks, and calculations for determining the number of networks and hosts based on given CIDR notations. Additionally, it includes examples of subnetting for different numbers of hosts, illustrating the corresponding subnet masks and IP address ranges.

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Samuel Ogoinja
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8 views7 pages

Subnetting

The document outlines the processes for converting decimal numbers to binary and vice versa, detailing the steps involved in each conversion. It also provides a comprehensive overview of IP address classes, subnet masks, and calculations for determining the number of networks and hosts based on given CIDR notations. Additionally, it includes examples of subnetting for different numbers of hosts, illustrating the corresponding subnet masks and IP address ranges.

Uploaded by

Samuel Ogoinja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Decimal to Binary Conversion

Step 1: Divide the given number by 2 and find the remainder.


Step 2: Divide the given continuously until we get zero as the quotient.
Step 3: Write the remainders from bottom to the top, thus binary conversion of the given
number is obtained.

Binary to Decimal Conversion :


Step 1: Write the binary number and count the powers of 2 from right to left (starting from
0)
Step 2 : Write each binary digit (right to left) with corresponding powers of 2 from right to
left , such that MSB or the first binary digit will be multiplied by the greatest power of 2.
Step 3 :Add all the products in the step 2

Step 4: The answer is our decimal number.


Classes High Range of IP Addresses Network Hosts per Subnet Mask /Slash
Order and Host Network Notati
Bits Portion on
A 0 1.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255 NHHH 224-2=16777214 255.0.0.0 /8

B 10 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 NNHH 216-2=65534 255.255.0.0 /16

C 110 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 NNNH 28-2=254 255.255.255.0 /24

D 1110 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 - - - -

E 11110 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.255 - - - -

No of Hosts = 2n-2
where n= no of host bits

Subnet Mask : A subnet mask is a number that distinguishes the network address and the host address

within an IP address. In subnet mask Network bits represented with 1’s and host bits-0’s
192.168.10.0/24

192.168.10.00000000

Number of host IDs: - ?

Subnet mask:- ?

Range: ?

Network id: ?

Broadcast id: ?

Subnet mask for class C network :


192.168.10.0/24

255 255 255 0


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00000000
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks = 2n

Where n indicates the total no of bits borrowed from the host.

Number of IP addresses on each network=2n

Here n indicates number of host bits.

192.168.10.0/25

255 255 255 128


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10000000
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =21

The first network is 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.127

The second network is 192.168.10.128 - 192.168.10.255

Number of IP addresses on each network=27 =128


192.168.10.0/26

255 255 255 192


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11000000
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =22=4

Number of IP addresses on each network=26 =64

192.168.10.0/27

255 255 255 224


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111 00000
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =23=8

Number of IP addresses on each network=25=32

192.168.10.0/28

255 255 255 ?


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ?
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =?

Number of IP addresses on each network=?

192.168.10.0/29

255 255 255 248


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11111000
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =25=32

Number of IP addresses on each network=23=8


192.168.10.0/30

255 255 255 252


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111 1 1 0 0
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 242322 21 20

Number of networks =26=64

Number of IP addresses on each network=22=4

192.168.10.0/31

255 255 255 254


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1111111 0
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =27=128

Number of IP addresses on each network=21=2

192.168.10.0/32

255 255 255 255


1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 111111111
27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20 27 26 25 24232221 20

Number of networks =28=256

Number of IP addresses on each network=20=1

For class---- C

CIDR Subnet mask value


/25 128
/26 192
/27 224
/28 240
/29 248
/30 252
/31 254
/32 255
VLSM : 100 hosts

bbA
20 hosts D
bbr
B 10 hosts
ab

40 hosts

Hosts FLSM VLSM


100 128 128

40 128 64
20 128 32
10 128 16

Let’s take an IP address : 192.168.1.0

For 100 hosts ,

2h-2 >= required hosts

27-2 >= 100

128-2 >=100

The subnet mask is 255.255.255.128

Number of IP addresses 27 = 128.

So the first subnet will be 192.168.1.0 – 192.168.1.127

The CIDR value is /25

For 40 hosts ,

2h-2 >= required hosts

26-2 >= 40

64-2 >=40

The subnet mask is 255.255.255.192

Number of IP addresses 26 = 64.

So the Second subnet will be 192.168.1.128 – 192.168.1.191

The CIDR value is /26


For 20 hosts ,

2h-2 >= required hosts

25-2 >= 20

32-2 >=20

The subnet mask is 255.255.255.224

Number of IP addresses 25 = 32.

So the Third subnet will be 192.168.192. – 192.168.1.223

The CIDR value is /27

For 10 hosts ,

The subnet mask is ?

Number of IP addresses ?

The Fourth subnet Ip ranges ?

The CIDR value ?

The table representation for the above example is,

Block Network Network ID Range of Broadcast ID Subnet Mask CIDR


Size hosts Value
128 1 192.168.1.0 1.1 – 1.126 192.168.1.127 255.255.255.128 /25
64 2 192.168.1.128 1.129 – 1.190 192.168.1.191 255.255.255.192 /26
32 3 192.168.1.192 1.193 - 1.222 192.168.1.223 255.255.255.224 /27
16 4 192.168.1.224 1.225 – 1.238 192.168.1.239 255.255.255.240 /28

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