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Notes On Noise Pollution MC-401-1

The document discusses noise pollution, detailing how to calculate average and total noise levels using specific equations, and classifies noise into transport, occupational, and neighborhood categories. It outlines permissible noise levels for different areas and suggests various control measures to mitigate noise pollution. Additionally, it highlights the applications of ultrasonic sound waves in material detection, navigation, and medical imaging.

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25 views3 pages

Notes On Noise Pollution MC-401-1

The document discusses noise pollution, detailing how to calculate average and total noise levels using specific equations, and classifies noise into transport, occupational, and neighborhood categories. It outlines permissible noise levels for different areas and suggests various control measures to mitigate noise pollution. Additionally, it highlights the applications of ultrasonic sound waves in material detection, navigation, and medical imaging.

Uploaded by

satisfactioncorner03
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Noise Pollution

Average noise level (𝑳𝒂𝒗 )


In a given area if more than one noise level is active for different time periods, the average
noise level can be calculated using the following equation
⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄
𝐼 10 + 10 + 10 + ⋯ ⋯ + 10
𝐿 = 10 log = 10 log
𝐼 𝑛

Where, 𝐿 , 𝐿 , 𝐿 etc. are the loudness values of different noise levels active in that area and 𝑛 represents
the total number of different noise levels.

Total noise level (𝑳𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 )


Similarly the total noise level can be calculated using the following equation

𝐼 ⁄ ⁄ ⁄ ⁄
𝐿 = 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔 = 10 log 10 + 10 + 10 + ⋯ ⋯ + 10
𝐼

Where, 𝐿 , 𝐿 , 𝐿 etc. are the loudness values of different noise levels active in that area.

Classification of noise
Noise can be classified into three broad categories

(i) Transport noise, (ii) Occupational noise, (iii) Neighbourhood noise.

(i) Transport noise


It may be further divided into three categories

(i) Road traffic noise, (ii) Rail traffic noise, (iii) Air craft noise.

Road traffic noise


Noise, produced from automobiles and other vehicles, is called road traffic noise. So noise level
increases with increase in traffic density. 𝐿 (18 hour) Index is used to measure road traffic
noise intensity. In case of measurement of road traffic noise the total time period of
measurement is 18 hours (from 6 AM to 12 MN). That is why road traffic noise index is
expressed as 𝐿 (18 hour) Index.

Prof. ABM 1 MC-401


Permissible noise level in different areas is listed below

Area Day time Night time

Industrial 75 dB 65 dB

Commercial 65 dB 55 dB

Residential 55 dB 45 dB
100m around hospitals,
educational institutions, 45 dB 40 DB
courts etc.

Rail traffic noise


The frequency of rail traffic noise is lower than that of road traffic noise and hence apparently
it is not harmful to human being. However, buildings, located nearby railway tracks, are
affected by that noise level. Introduction of diesel and all-electric locomotives has greatly
reduced rail traffic noise.

Air craft noise


Unlike road traffic noise, air craft noise is not continuous. This type of noise arises only when
aeroplanes are landing or taking off. Permissible noise level range is 100 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑛 to 120 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑛 in
day time and 90 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑛 to 100 𝐿𝑒𝑝𝑛 at night.

(ii) Occupational noise


It arises mainly due to (i) industrial machines and (ii) domestic machines.

Examples of industrial machines are: Milling machine, Lathe machine, News Paper Press,
Textile Loom etc.

Examples of domestic machines are: Vacuum Cleaners, Washing machine, Mixers &
Grinders etc.

(iii) Neighbourhood noise


Television-set, Radio-set, Loudspeakers, Fire Crackers etc. are some of the common sources,
which cause huge disturbances to general public.

Prof. ABM 2 MC-401


Control of noise pollution
Noise is always generated from a source and then it is communicated to the receiver end. So,
noise can be controlled at source, along communicating path and also at the receiver end.

(a) Setting industries far away from the residential area.

(b) Planting trees on both sides of the road.

(c) Restricted use of loudspeakers, fire crackers etc.

(d) Industrial machines and automobile engines should be designed with shock absorption
system, efficient fluid flow system and silencers. Machine should be properly installed with
proper lubrication and regular replacement of components.

(e) Use of reflectors to reflect noise in different directions. Use of noise filters to absorb high
and low frequency noise.

(f) Use of acoustic materials in floors, ceilings etc. Use of ear plugs.

(g) Green Muffler: In a given noise polluted area trees are planted 4-6 rows surrounding the
area to reduce the noise level. This series of trees surrounding the noise polluted area is called
Green Muffler.

The applications of ultrasonic sound waves (USW or UHF)


Audible sound frequency range The human ear can detect the sound within the
frequency range 20 𝐻𝑧 to 20 𝑘𝐻𝑧.

Sound waves with frequency more than 20 kHz is called ultrasonic sound waves. There are
several applications of ultrasonic waves, known as USW or UHF. Some are listed below

1. It is widely used to detect flaws in materials as well as to measure thickness of materials.


Usually ultrasonic sound waves of range 2 𝑀𝐻𝑧 to 10 𝑀𝐻𝑧 is used for this purpose.
2. Sound Navigation And Ranging (SONAR) USW is used to detect sunken ship, hill or
submarines under the sea. It is also used to navigate and communicate under the sea. It is
used to measure the depth of ocean as well as to scan the bottom of the ocean.
3. Medical applications
(a) ECG USW is used in ECG machine to get the image of the heart.
(b) USG USW is used in USG machine to get the images of body organs.
(c) Lithotripsy USW is used to break stones in kidneys.

Prof. ABM 3 MC-401

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