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Core JavaScript Concepts

The document provides an introduction to core JavaScript concepts aimed at interns with no prior programming experience, covering variables, data types, operators, control flow, and looping structures. It explains variable declaration using var, let, and const, along with primary data types such as strings, numbers, booleans, objects, and arrays. Additionally, it introduces basic operators for calculations and comparisons, decision-making with if-else statements and switch-case, and various looping techniques including for, while, for...of, and for...in loops.

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Mohana D
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11 views7 pages

Core JavaScript Concepts

The document provides an introduction to core JavaScript concepts aimed at interns with no prior programming experience, covering variables, data types, operators, control flow, and looping structures. It explains variable declaration using var, let, and const, along with primary data types such as strings, numbers, booleans, objects, and arrays. Additionally, it introduces basic operators for calculations and comparisons, decision-making with if-else statements and switch-case, and various looping techniques including for, while, for...of, and for...in loops.

Uploaded by

Mohana D
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Core JavaScript Concepts

Objective: Build a foundational understanding of variables, data types,


operators, and control flow to prepare for more advanced JavaScript concepts.
Designed for interns with no prior programming experience.
Variables and Data Types
Objective: Teach the purpose of variables and how they store and manage
different types of data.

a. Variables: var, let, and const


● What are variables?
o Variables are containers for storing data that can be used and
manipulated in a program.
● Three ways to declare variables in JavaScript:
o var: The older way to declare variables. Has global or function
scope, and prone to errors due to hoisting.
o let: Introduced in ES6, allows block-level scoping (only accessible
within the block where defined).
o const: Also introduced in ES6, used for variables that shouldn’t
change (constant values).
Example:
javascript
var x = 5; // Variable declared using var
let y = 10; // Variable declared using let
const z = 15; // Variable declared using const
console.log(x, y, z); // Outputs: 5 10 15
b. Data Types
● What are data types?
o Data types define the kind of data a variable can hold.
Primary Data Types:
1. String: Textual data, enclosed in quotes (' ', " ", or `).
javascript
let name = "Alice";
console.log(name); // Outputs: Alice
2. Number: Numeric values (integers or decimals).
javascript
let age = 25;
console.log(age); // Outputs: 25
3. Boolean: Logical values, either true or false.
javascript
let isStudent = true;
console.log(isStudent); // Outputs: true
4. Object: A collection of key-value pairs.
javascript
let person = { name: "Bob", age: 30 };
console.log(person.name); // Outputs: Bob
5. Array: A list-like structure for storing multiple values.
javascript
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
console.log(fruits[1]); // Outputs: banana

c. Demo: Declaring Variables and Logging Them to the Console


Scenario: Declare variables of different data types and print their values.
javascript
let firstName = "John"; // String
let age = 20; // Number
let isEnrolled = true; // Boolean
let student = { name: "John", grade: "A" }; // Object
let subjects = ["Math", "Science", "History"]; // Array

console.log(firstName, age, isEnrolled, student, subjects);


// Outputs: John 20 true { name: "John", grade: "A" } ["Math", "Science",
"History"]

Basic Operators
Objective: Introduce operators used for calculations, comparisons, and logical
decisions.

a. Arithmetic Operators
Used for basic calculations.
● + (Addition), - (Subtraction), * (Multiplication), / (Division), %
(Remainder).
Example:
javascript
let a = 10, b = 3;
console.log(a + b); // Outputs: 13
console.log(a % b); // Outputs: 1 (remainder)
b. Comparison Operators
Used to compare values.
● == (equal to), === (strict equal to), != (not equal), <, >, <=, >=.
Example:
javascript
console.log(5 == "5"); // Outputs: true (loose comparison)
console.log(5 === "5"); // Outputs: false (strict comparison)
c. Logical Operators
Used for combining conditions.
● && (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT).
Example:
javascript
let isAdult = true, isStudent = false;
console.log(isAdult && isStudent); // Outputs: false
console.log(isAdult || isStudent); // Outputs: true
console.log(!isStudent); // Outputs: true
d. Demo: Simple Calculations and Logical Checks
Scenario: Check if a number is even and if it lies within a range.
javascript
let num = 12;
console.log(num % 2 === 0 && num > 10 && num < 20); //
Outputs: true

Control Flow
Objective: Understand decision-making in programs using conditional
statements.

a. If-Else Statements
● Used for decision-making based on conditions.
Example:
javascript
let score = 85;
if (score >= 90) {
console.log("Grade: A");
} else if (score >= 75) {
console.log("Grade: B");
} else {
console.log("Grade: C");
}
b. Switch-Case for Multiple Conditions
● Used when there are many specific cases to handle.
Example:
javascript
let day = 3;
switch (day) {
case 1: console.log("Monday"); break;
case 2: console.log("Tuesday"); break;
case 3: console.log("Wednesday"); break;
default: console.log("Invalid day");
}
c. Demo: Writing a Simple Program Using If-Else
Scenario: Categorize a person’s age group.
javascript
let age = 25;
if (age < 13) {
console.log("Child");
} else if (age >= 13 && age < 20) {
console.log("Teenager");
} else {
console.log("Adult");
}

Looping Structures
Objective: Introduce loops for executing repetitive tasks.

a. Loop Types
1. For Loop: Runs for a specific number of times.
javascript
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
console.log(i); // Outputs: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
}
2. While Loop: Runs as long as a condition is true.
javascript
let i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
console.log(i); // Outputs: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
i++;
}
3. For…Of Loop: Iterates over arrays.
javascript
let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
for (let fruit of fruits) {
console.log(fruit); // Outputs: apple, banana, cherry
}
4. For…In Loop: Iterates over object properties.
javascript
let person = { name: "Alice", age: 25 };
for (let key in person) {
console.log(key, person[key]); // Outputs: name Alice, age 25
}
b. Demo: Loop Through an Array Using For…Of
Scenario: Print all elements in an array.
javascript
let colors = ["red", "blue", "green"];
for (let color of colors) {
console.log(color); // Outputs: red, blue, green
}

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