B.E.

TPOLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara (K.MDoddi), Manday-
571422

Department of Collegiate and Technical

Education
[RecognizedbytheGovtofKarnatakaapprovedbyAICTE,
NewDelhi]

MINIPROJECTREPORT ON
LEAVINGROOM (IOT)

SUBMITTED BY

BHYREGOWDA A.P (410CS23009) PREETHAM.V (410CS23038)

NITHIN.B. K (410CS23034) NAGESHKUMAR.H. R (410CS23032)

SANJAN GOWDA.P (410CS23043) PRAJWALGOWDAT.R(410CS23036)

UndertheGuidanceof
Mrs.JAYALAKSHMIY.T BE., M. tech.,

Lecturer
ComputerScience&Engg
 B.E.TPOLYTECHNIC
[RecognizedbytheGovtofKarnatakaapprovedbyAICTE, NewDelhi]
Bharthinagara (K.M Doddi), Manday-571422

DepartmentofComputerScience&Engg

CERTIFICATE
This is tocertify that the activity entitled“Leaving room of (IOT) in Ciscopacket tracer”is
abonafide workcarried outby Mr. Bhyregowda A.P bearing REG NO:410CS23009,a
student of B.E.T.Polytechnic in partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in Computer
science & Engineering of the B.E.T.Polytechnic during the year 2024-25 It is certified
that all corrections/suggestions indicated for Activity Points have been executed underthe
directions ofMrs. JAYALAKSHMI Y.T The project report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of AICTE Activity Points prescribed for the said
Diploma

JAYALAKSHMIY.T Mr.B.Mahadeva
Dept.Computerscience&Engineering HeadoftheDepartment
B.E.T POLYTECHNIC Dept.Computerscience&Engineering
Bharthinagara,Maddur-571422 B.E.T POLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara,Maddur-571422

Principal
B.E.TPOLYTECHNIC
Bharthinagara,Maddur-571422
 DECLARATION

I, Mr. Bhyregowda.A.P bearing the USN 410CS23009 student of 3rd semester

Diploma Department of Computer science & Engineering, B.E.T.Polytechnic
Bharthinagaradeclarethatthe AICTEActivityProjectworkentitled“Prepare and
Implement Plan to Improve Education Quality in GovernmentSchool”, has
been duly executed by me under the guidance of LGS Social Innovation and
Research Centre (An unit of LGS Trust) JAYALAKSHMI Y.T Dept Computer
science &Engineering B.E.T POLYTECHNIBharthinagara, The Project report
of the same is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award
Diploma in Department of Computer science & Engineering by
B.E.T.Polytechnic Bharthinagara during the year 2024-2025.

Date: Mr.Bhyregowda.A.P
Place:Bharthinagara 410CS23009
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the project report which
would be complete only with the mention of the almighty God and the people whomade it
possible, whose report rewarded the effort with success of project presentation

We are grateful to B.E.T.Polytechnic for providing us an opportunity to enhance our

knowledge through the project.

We express our sincere thanks to G Krishna, Principal, and B.E.T. Polytechnic

Bharthinagara for providing us an opportunity and means to present the project.

We express our heart full thanks to B. Mahadeva, Head, Department of Computer

Science Engineering, B.E.T. Polytechnic Bharthinagara for encouragement in our project
work, whose cooperation and guidance helped in nurturing this project report.

We would like to express profound thanks to the project guide Jayalakshmi Y.T, Guide,
Department of Computer science & Engineering for the keen interest and encouragement
in our project presentation.

Finally, we would like to thank our family members and friends for standing with us
through all times.

Mr.BHYREGOWDA.A.P 410CS23009
 TABLEOFCONTENTS
1. Introduction
Whatiscomputernetwork?
Componentsofcomputernetwork.
2. NIC(Nationalinterfacecard)
Hub
Switches
Modem
Roter
Cablesandconnecters
3. objectivesofcomputernetworks
4. typesofcomputernetwork
PAN
LAN
WAN
WLAN
CAN
MAN
5. Computernetwork analysis
6 Advantagesofcomputernetwork
7 disadvantagesofcomputernetworking

8. Ciscopackettracer
Uses ofcomponents
9. Specification
FAN
WINDOW
10. Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
WhatisaComputerNetwork?
Computer Networkis a groupofcomputers connected witheachother throughwires,
optical fibres or optical links so that various devices can interact with each other through a
network.Theaimofthecomputer network isthesharing ofresourcesamong variousdevices. 0 In
the case of computer network technology, there are several types of networks that vary from
simple to complex level.

ComponentsofComputerNetwork:

NIC(Nationalinterfacecard)
NIC(Nationalinterfacecard)NICisadevice thathelpsthecomputertocommunicate with
another device. The network interface card contains the hardware addresses, the data- link
layer protocol.
Usethisaddressto identifythesystemonthenetworksothat ittransfersthedatato the
correct destination.
TherearetwotypesofNIC:wirelessNICandwiredNIC.
 WirelessNIC: Allthe modernlaptopsusethewirelessNIC. InWirelessNIC, a
connection is made using the antenna that employs the radio wave technology.
 WiredNIC:Cablesusethewired NICtotransferthedataoverthemedium.
 Hub
Hubisacentraldevicethatsplitsthenetworkconnectionintomultipledevices. When
computerrequestsforinformationfromacomputer,it sendstherequesttotheHub.Hub distributes this
request to all the interconnected computers.

Switches
Switchisanetworkingdevicethatgroupsallthedevicesoverthenetworktotransfer the
datato another device. A switch is betterthan Hub as it does not broadcast the message over
the network, i.e., it sends the message to the device for which it belongs to. Therefore, we
can say that switch sends the message directly from source to the destination.

Cablesandconnectors
Cable isatransmissionmediathattransmitsthecommunicationsignals.Therearethree types of
cables:

 Twistedpaircable:It isahigh-speedcablethattransmitsthedataover1Gbpsor more.

 Coaxialcable:Coaxialcableresembles likeaTVinstallationcable. Coaxialcable is
more expensive than twisted pair cable, but it provides the high data transmission
speed.
 Fibre optic cable:Fibre optic cable isa high-speed cable that transmitsthe data using
light beams.It provideshighdatatransmissionspeedascomparedtoothercables.It is
moreexpensiveascompared to other cables, so it is installed at thegovernment level.

Router:
Routerisadevicethat connectstheLANtotheinternet.Therouteris mainlyusedto connect
the distinct networks or connect the internet to multiple computers.

Modem:
Modem connects the computer to the internet over the existing telephone line. A
modemis not integratedwiththecomputermotherboard. Amodemisaseparatepartonthe PC slot
found on the motherboard. System without the user's knowledge. Hence the distributed
system is a special case of network system, one whose operating system has a high degree of
transparency

ObjectivesofComputerNetworks
ObjectivesofComputerNetwork
Right from the dayof computer automation, a computer has developed computer in
each department. For example, the task can be to keep of trackoff inventories, monitor
productivityand maintainaccounts.Initially,thiscomputerindifferent department worksas an
isolation from other computer. These provided the necessary computer assistance in the
activities pertaining to the respective department. It was not possible to share information
among the departments. As a result, the information was replicated wherever needed. This
increased redundancy caused increased in storage space, less data consistency etc.
1. Resourcesharing isthe mainobjective ofthe computer network.The goalisto provide all
theprogram, dateandhardware isavailableto everyone onthenetworkwithoutregardtothe
physical location of the resource and the users.
2. The second objective is to provide the high Reliability. It is achieved byreplicating the
filesontwoor moremachines, so incaseofunavailability(dueto failof hardware) theother
copies can be used.
3. Computer organization has helped organization in saving money. This is due to the fact
thatthesmallcomputerhas muchbetterpricetotheperformanceratio comparisonthanthe large
computer like mainframe.
4. Computernetworkhaveprovided meanstoincreasesystemperformanceastheworkload
increases (load balancing). In the days of mainframe when the systemwas full it was to
replace with the other large mainframe computer, usually at and expensive rate not
convenience for user.

TypesofComputerNetworks
Acomputer networkisaclusterofcomputersover asharedcommunicationpaththat work
for the purpose of sharing resources from one computer to another, provided by or located on
the network nodes.
Some oftheuses ofcomputernetworks arethefollowing:
 Communicatingusingemail, video,instantmessaging, etc.
 Sharingdevicessuchasprinters,scanners,etc.
 Sharingfiles
 Sharingsoftwareandoperatingprogramsonremote systems
 Allowingnetworkuserstoeasilyaccessandmaintaininformation

TypesofComputerNetworks
1. PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN)
2. LocalAreaNetwork (LAN)
3. Wide AreaNetwork(WAN)
4. WirelessLocalAreaNetwork(WLAN)
5. CampusAreaNetwork(CAN)
 6. MetropolitanArea Network(MAN)
7. StorageAreaNetwork(SAN)
8. System-AreaNetwork(SAN)
9. PassiveOpticalLocalAreaNetwork(POLAN)
10. EnterprisePrivateNetwork(EPN)
11. VirtualPrivateNetwork
Theseareexplainedasfollowingbelow.

1. PersonalAreaNetwork(PAN):
PANisthemostbasictypeofcomputernetwork. This
network is restrained to a single person, that is,
communication between the computer devices is
centred only to an individual's work space. PAN
offers a networkrange of10 meters froma personto the
device providing communication.
ExamplesofPANareUSB,computer,phone,tablet,
printer, PDA, etc.

2. LocalAreaNetwork(LAN):
LAN is the most frequently used
network. A LAN is a computer network
that connects computers togetherthrough
a common communication path,
contained within a limited area, that is,
locally. A LAN encompasses two or
morecomputersconnectedoveraserver.
The two important technologiesinvolved
in this network are Ethernetand Wi-Fi.
Examples of LAN are networking ina
home, school, library, laboratory,
college, office, etc.
 3. WideAreaNetwork(WAN):
WAN is a type of computer network that
connects computers over a large
geographical distance through a shared
communicationpath.It isnotrestrainedto a
single location but extends over many
locations. WAN can also be defined as a
group of local area networks that
communicate with each other. The most
commonexampleofWAN istheInternet.

4. WirelessLocalAreaNetwork(WLAN):
WLAN isatypeofcomputernetworkthat acts as a
local area network but makes use of wireless
network technology like Wi-Fi. This network
doesn't allow devices communicating over
physical cables like in LAN, but allows devices
to communicate wirelessly.
The mostcommonexampleofWLANisWi-Fi.

5. CampusAreaNetwork(CAN):
CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller
thanaMAN.Thisisatypeofcomputernetwork
which is usually used in places like a school or
college. This network covers a limited
geographical area that is, it spreads across
several buildings within the campus. Examples
of CAN are networks that cover schools,
colleges, buildings, etc.
6. MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN):
AMAN is largerthanaLANbut smallerthana
WAN. This is the type of computer networkthat
connects computers over a geographical
distance through a shared communication path
overametropolitanareacity,townorExamples of
MAN are networking in towns, cities, a single
large city, large area within multiple buildings,
etc.

ComputerNetworkAnalysis:
Network analysis (also known as traffic analysis, protocol analysis, sniffing,
packet analysis, eavesdropping, and so on) is the processofcapturing networktraffic
and inspecting it closely to determine what is happening on the network. A network
analyser decodes the data packets of common protocols and displays the network
traffic in readable format. A sniffer is a program that monitors data traveling over a
network. Unauthorized sniffers are dangerous to network security because they are
difficult to detect andcanbeinsertedalmost anywhere,whichmakesthemafavourite
weapon of hackers. A network analyser can be a standalone hardware device with
specialized software, or software that is installed on a desktop or laptop computer.
Thedifferencesbetweennetworkanalysersdependonfeaturessuchasthe numberof
supported protocols it can decode, the user interface, and its graphing and statistical
capabilities. Other differences include inference capabilities (e.g., expert analysis
features) and the quality of packet decodes. Although several network analysers
decode the same protocols, some will work better than others for your environment.

AdvantagesofComputerNetworking
SomeofthemainadvantagesofComputerNetworkingarediscussedbelow:
 Central Storage of Data: Files can be stored on a central node (the file server) that can
be shared and made available to every user in an organization.
 Connectivity: There is a negligible range of abilities required to connect to a modern
computer network. The effortlessness of joining makes it workable for even youthful
kids to start exploring the data.
 Faster Problem-solving: Since an extensive procedure is disintegrated into a few littler
procedures and each is taken care of by all the associatedgadgets, an explicitissue canbe
settled in lesser time.
 Reliability: Reliability implies backing up information. Due to some reason equipment
crashes, and so on, the information gets undermined or inaccessible on one PC, and
another duplicate of similar information is accessible on another workstation for future
use, which prompts smooth working and further handling without interruption.
 Flexible: This innovation is known to be truly adaptable, as it offers clients the chanceto
investigate everything about fundamental things, for example, programming without
influencing their usefulness.
 Security through Authorization: Security and protection of information areadditionally
settled through the system. As just the system clients are approved to get to specific
records or applications, no other individual can crack the protection or securityof
information.
 Storage capacity: Since you will share data, records, and assets with other individuals,
you need to guarantee all information and substance are legitimately put away in the
framework.With this systems administration innovation,you can domost of this with no
issue, while having all the space you require for capacity.
DisadvantagesofComputerNetworking
Someof themaindisadvantagesofComputerNetworkingarediscussedbelow:
 Expensive: Execution ofthe network can be expensive in the case of an initial setup, as
the wires and the cost of the cable are high and sometimes equipmentis alsocostly.
 Virus and Malware: Computer Networking can lead to the spreading of viruses to
another computer through the network.
 Management of the network: Management of the Network is quite difficult as it
requires skilled persons to handle that large network. It requires training of people who
are employed in this work.
 Loss of Information: In case of a crash of the Computer Network, it can lead to the
loss of information or not being able to access information for some time.
 The system can be hacked: In the case of Wide Area Networks (WAN), there is a
threat ofHacking ofthe System. Some security features should be added to prevent
such things.
 Ciscopackettracerminiproject
Usesofcomponents
Home Gateway
Ceiling fanWindow
Smartphone
Livingroom

Sl.no Devices Function

1 Homegateway Usedforsmartdevicesregistration

2 Fan Usedtoventilatehome

3 Smartwindows Usedtocontrolthewindowsfrom
distance
4 Smartphone Usedtoremotelyaccesssmart devices
 Specification
CeilingFan

Features:

 RegistrationServerCompatible
 Off
 Low Speed
 HighSpeed

Usage:
 Connecttothe FanwithcustomcablefromMCU/SBC/Thing
 Inthescript, writethedatato theFanwithcustomWrite functionto turnFanoff, set low
speed/high speed

DirectControl:

 ALT-clicktointeract

LocalControl:

 Connect devicetoMCU/Thing/SBC.Usethe"customWrite"APIperData
Specifications

RemoteControl:

 Connect devicetoRegistrationServerusingConfigTab

DataSpecifications:

MessageFormat:[state]
State:0 =off,1=lowspeed,2=highspeed

Example:
Connect SBCtoaFanwithcustomcable, connectfrompin0onSBCtopin0ontheFan, in the SBC,
add the code custom Write (0, "1") to set the Fan at low speed
Window
Awindowthatcanopenorclose

Features:

 RegistrationServerCompatible
 AbilitytoventCarbonDioxideandCarbonMonoxide

Usage:

 Window works with Environment object. It reads CARBON_DIOXIDE and

CARBON_MONOXIDEvariablesset intheEnvironmentobjectandchangethese
variables when users activate window opening/closing

DirectControl:

 ALT-clicktoopenandclose

LocalControl:

 Connect devicetoMCU/SBC/Thing.Usethe"customWrite"APIperData
Specifications

RemoteControl:

 Connect devicetoRegistrationServerusingConfigTab

Data
Specifications:Message
Format: [state]
state:0=closed,1=open

Example:

 N/A
1. Opentheciscopackettracer.
2. Takeaone home gateway,oneceilingfan,onewindowandoneSmartphone.

3. CreateaonelivingroominCiscopackettracer.

4. Click on the ceiling fan and click the advance go to I/O config tab
ChangethenetworkadapterPT-IOT-NM-1CFETOPT-IOT-NM-1W
5. Clickontheceiling Window andclicktheadvance gotoI/Oconfig tab

Change the network adapter PT-IOT-NM-1CFE TO PT-IOT-NM-1W.

6. Click on the smart phone go to config tab select the

Wireless0andchangetheSSIDdefaulttohomegateway.
7. Click onthesmart phonegotodesktoptabselect the
IOTMONITORtypethe IPserveraddressusernameandpassword loin
thePage they are no device are connected in the home Gateway.

8.Clickon theceilingfango toconfigtab selecttheHOME

GATEWAY.
9. Clickonthewindowfangotoconfigtabselectthe
HOME GATEWAY.

10. Connectedthecelingfanandwindow
11. CeilingfanOFF,LOWSPEEDANDHIGHSPPED
CeilingfanOFF

CeilingfanLowspeed

CeilingfanHighspeed

12. Widowopenandclose
Window close

Windowopen
Conclusion:
A network is twoormore computers connectedtogether using a telecommunication
systemforthepurposeofcommunicatingandsharingresources.Withouthavinganetwork,
Companieswould notbeabletoshareresourcesand increaseproductivitymoreeffectively.