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The Comparison Test

The document discusses the Direct Comparison Test and the Limit Comparison Test for determining the convergence or divergence of series. It highlights the use of known series such as p-series and geometric series for comparison. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these tests to specific series.

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juho2302
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6 views6 pages

The Comparison Test

The document discusses the Direct Comparison Test and the Limit Comparison Test for determining the convergence or divergence of series. It highlights the use of known series such as p-series and geometric series for comparison. Several examples are provided to illustrate how to apply these tests to specific series.

Uploaded by

juho2302
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11.

4 The Comparison Test


∎ The Direct Comparison Test

∎ In using the Direct Comparison Test we must have some known series σ 𝑏𝑛 for the
purpose of comparison. Most of the time we use one of these series:

1
● A p-series [ σ∞
𝑛=1 𝑛𝑝 converges if 𝑝 > 1 and diverges if 𝑝 < 1]

● A geometric series [σ∞


𝑛=1 𝑎 𝑟
𝑛−1
converges if |𝑟| < 1 and diverges if |𝑟| ≥ 1]

Note
Although 𝑎𝑛 ≤ 𝑏𝑛 or 𝑎𝑛 ≥ 𝑏𝑛 in the Direct Comparison Test is given for all 𝑛, we need
verify only that it holds for 𝑛 ≥ 𝑁, where 𝑁 is some fixed integer, because the
convergence of a series is not affected by a finite number of terms.
∎ Limit Comparison Test
𝐄𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 Determine whether the series converges or diverges.
∞
5
(1) ෍ 2
2𝑛 + 4𝑛 + 3
𝑛=1

∞ 1
sin 𝑛
(2) ෍
𝑛 𝑛
𝑛=1
∞
ln 𝑛
(3) ෍
𝑛
𝑛=1

∞
1
(4) ෍
2𝑛 − 1
𝑛=1
∞
2𝑛2 + 3𝑛
(5) ෍
𝑛=1
5 + 𝑛5

∞
1
(6) ෍ sin
𝑛
𝑛=1

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