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JRF Math MTA 2024

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and proofs related to real and complex analysis, including properties of functions, limits, and differentiability. It covers topics such as the behavior of derivatives, holomorphic functions, and linear operators in Banach spaces. Each section requires the application of advanced mathematical concepts to establish various results and theorems.

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jalpaparesh17
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61 views4 pages

JRF Math MTA 2024

The document presents a series of mathematical problems and proofs related to real and complex analysis, including properties of functions, limits, and differentiability. It covers topics such as the behavior of derivatives, holomorphic functions, and linear operators in Banach spaces. Each section requires the application of advanced mathematical concepts to establish various results and theorems.

Uploaded by

jalpaparesh17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

� The symbol R will denote the set of all real numbers.

� The symbol C will denote the set of all complex num-


bers.

� The symbol i will denote the square root of −1.

1. Suppose f : (0, ∞) → R is a twice differentiable function satis-


fying the following conditions for all x ∈ (0, ∞) :

f (x) ≥ 0, f ′ (x) ≤ 0, f ′′ (x) ≥ 0.

Show that lim f ′ (x) = 0.


x→∞

2. Suppose a function f : R → R satisfies the following conditions:

(a) For all n ≥ 1, the n-th order derivative f (n) (x) exists for all
x ∈ R.
1
(b) For all x ̸= 0, |f (x)| ≤ e− x2 .

Prove that f (0) = 0 and f (n) (0) = 0 for all n ≥ 1.

3. For y ∈ R and M > 0, let γy,M : [−M, M ] → C be the curve

γy,M (x) = x + iy

for all x ∈ [−M, M ].

(a) Show that for all y ∈ R, the limit


Z
2
I(y) := lim e−z dz
M →∞ γy,M

exists.
(b) Show that for all y1 , y2 ∈ R, I(y1 ) = I(y2 ).

1
4. Let f : C → C be a holomorphic function of the form

f (z) = u(z) + iv(z),

where u and v are real-valued functions defined on C which we


identify with R2 .

(a) Prove that for all x, y ∈ R,

∂u ∂v
f ′ (x + iy) = (x, y) + i (x, y).
∂x ∂x

(b) Assume that for all α ∈ R, there exists a real number β


(depending on α) such that

f ({z : Re(z) = α}) ⊆ {z : Re(z) = β}.

Here, Re(z) denotes the real part of the complex number


z.
Show that there are constants a ∈ R and b ∈ C such that
for all z ∈ C,

f (z) = az + b.

5. Let α > 2 be a real number.

Prove that the function F : R → R defined by


Z ∞
cos(tx)
F (t) = dx
0 1 + xα

is differentiable.

2
6. Consider the Banach space L1 (R) equipped with the norm
Z
∥f ∥ := |f (x)| dx,
R

where dx denotes the Lebesgue measure on R.

Let ϕ ∈ L1 (R) be such that ϕ(x) ≥ 0 almost everywhere. For


f ∈ L1 (R), define a measurable function T (f ) on R as
Z
T (f )(x) = ϕ(x − y)f (y)dy
R

almost everywhere.

(a) Prove that T (f ) belongs to L1 (R) for all f in L1 (R).

(b) Prove that the linear map T is a bounded linear operator


from L1 (R) to L1 (R).

(c) Compute the operator norm of T.

7. Suppose X, Y are Banach spaces and T : X → Y is a bounded


linear map such that the dimension of the vector space

Im(T ) := {T x : x ∈ X} ⊆ Y

is finite. Moreover, assume that {xn }n≥1 is a sequence in X such


that for all bounded linear functionals f on X, lim f (xn ) = 0.
n→∞

(a) Prove that for all bounded linear functionals g on Y,


lim g(T (xn )) = 0.
n→∞

(b) Prove that lim ∥T (xn )∥ = 0.


n→∞

3
8. For a normed linear space N, the symbol N ∗ will stand for the
set of all bounded linear functionals on N.
Let E and F be Banach spaces and let T : E → F is a linear
map such that there exists another linear map S : F ∗ → E ∗
satisfying the equation

g(T (e)) = S(g)(e)

for all e ∈ E and for all g ∈ F ∗ .


Prove that T is a bounded linear map.

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