Scribd
Upload
7 views18 pages

Advanced Mass Transfer Correlations

The document discusses various methods and equations for estimating diffusion coefficients in gas and liquid systems, including the Hirschfelder equation and the Wilke and Chang correlation. It also covers the impact of temperature and pressure on diffusion coefficients and provides empirical relations for pure components and binary mixtures. Additionally, it addresses solid mass diffusivity and the effects of pore structure on diffusion rates.

Uploaded by

feval35672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views18 pages

Advanced Mass Transfer Correlations

The document discusses various methods and equations for estimating diffusion coefficients in gas and liquid systems, including the Hirschfelder equation and the Wilke and Chang correlation. It also covers the impact of temperature and pressure on diffusion coefficients and provides empirical relations for pure components and binary mixtures. Additionally, it addresses solid mass diffusivity and the effects of pore structure on diffusion rates.

Uploaded by

feval35672
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Transfer Correlations

Chapter 24

Concentrations

Velocity:

1
Flux

Gas Mass Diffusivity:


Self-diffusion coefficient

2
Equation of Hirschfelder et al.

In the absence of experimental data, the values for pure components may be
estimated from the following empirical relations

3
We can predict the diffusion coefficient at any temperature and at any pressure
below 25 atm from a known experimental value by

The Fuller Correlation

Brokaw has suggested a method for estimating diffusion coefficient for binary
gas mixtures containing polar compounds. The Hirschfelder equation is still
used; however, the collision integral is evaluated by

4
Liquid-Mass Diffusivity

Stokes–Einstein equation

Wilke and Chang have proposed the following correlation for none-electrolytes in
an infinitely dilute solution

VA is the molal volume of solute at normal boiling point, in cm3/g mol; and is
the ‘‘association’’ parameter for solvent B. Molecular volumes at normal boiling
points, VA, for some commonly encountered compounds, are tabulated in Table
24.4. For other compounds, the atomic volumes of each element present are
added together as per the molecular formulas. Table 24.5 lists the contributions
for each of the constituent atoms. When certain ring structures are involved,
corrections must be made to account for the specific ring configuration; the
following

5
Recommended values of the association parameter, , are given below for a few common
solvents

6
If data for computing the molar volume of solute at its normal boiling point, VA, are not
available, Tyn and Calus recommend the correlation

Where Vc is the critical volume of species A in cm3 /g. mol

Hayduk and Laudie20 have proposed a much simpler equation for evaluating infinite
dilution diffusion coefficients of nonelectrolytes in water

Scheibel has proposed that the Wilke–Chang relation be modified to eliminate the
association factor, , yielding

Where K is determined by

7
Liquid diffusion coefficients in concentration solutions

Tyne recommended the following equation for extrapolating to higher


temperatures

Pore Diffusivity
Knudsen diffusion

The Knudsen diffusivity for diffusing species A, DKA, is

8
The effective diffusivity of species A in a binary mixture of A and B, D Ae, is
determined by

For tortuous pores.

9
Hindered solute diffusion in solvent-filled pores

Solid Mass Diffusivity


The solid-phase diffusion coefficient has been observed to increase with increasing
temperature according to an Arrhenius equation of the form

10
THE OPERATOR and IN CARTESIAN COORDINATES

THE OPERATOR and IN CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

11
THE OPERATOR and IN SPERICAL COORDINATES

12
Mass-Transfer Diffusion Coefficients in Binary Systems

13
14
15
Lennard–Jones Constants

16
17
18

You might also like