Iterations in Programming

Chapter: 7

MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 1

Iteration statements in programming

Iteration means Loops – sections of a program that repeat over and over again. ▪ Counter –
 controlled loops – when you know exactly how many loops you need in the program.

▪ Condition – controlled loop – when you do not know how many times you need to repeat the loop. -
need to set a logical test
– the result of the test tells the computer whether to repeat the loop.
Note:
Every loop must have an exit condition. The exit condition is a logical test that tells the computer when to
stop repeating the loop.

MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 2

Counter - Controlled Loop : FOR loop ▪ value.

A variable is set up, with a start value and an stop
iteration that is performed a set (fixed) number of times.
▪ This variable is automatically increased each time the loop is performed until the stop value is reached and
the iteration finishes.

Syntax of a pseudocode counter-controlled loop (FOR loop) :

FOR Variable ← Start Value TO Stop Value

FOR s
instructions
FOR Count 🡨 1
instructions
OUTPUT
NEXT Variable
NEXT Count

MAA - Aitchison College

Write a pseudocode to input a value by a user and multiply and print the value with the
number of iterations using counter - controlled loop.
 DECLARE Value : INTEGER # Declaration of Variable named Value OUTPUT “ Enter a value ” # Prompt

INPUT Value # take input from user and store in variable Value FOR counter ← 1 TO 4 # this loop will

iterate five times, OUTPUT “Value is ” , Value * counter # multiply a value entered by user with # of

iteration NEXT counter # next iteration starts

OUTPUT “The loop has stopped.” # prints the output statement after loop ends. MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore

Exercise: Write a pseudocode to input 10 numbers and find the total and average using
counter controlled loop.
DECLARE Number: INTEGER
Total 🡨 0 // initialize the variable Total

FOR counter ← 0 TO 10
Number 🡨 INPUT “ Enter a positive number "
Total 🡨 Total + Number

NEXT counter

Average 🡨 Total / 10

OUTPUT “Total value is ” , Total , “Average value is ” , Average

MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 5

Q: Write the pseudocode that ask a number from a Number 🡨 INPUT “ Enter a positive number "
user and print the 12 multiples of that number
using counter – controlled loop. FOR counter ← 1 TO 12
Times 🡨 Number * counter
OUTPUT Number, “*”, counter , “=”, Times
DECLARE Number : INTEGER
 NEXT counter Even 🡨 Even + 1
Q: Write the pseudocode using counter – ELSE
controlled loop that input 10 numbers and prints
Odd 🡨 Odd + 1
how many of these numbers were even or odd.
ENDIF
DECLARE Number : INTEGER NEXT counter
Even, Odd 🡨 0 OUTPUT “Total even numbers:”, Even , “Total odd
FOR counter ← 0 TO 10 numbers:”, Odd
Number 🡨 INPUT “ Enter a positive number "
IF Number % 2 = 0 THEN
MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 6

TOTALLING
Adding a new value into previous value
Total 🡨 Total + NewValue
Example:-
Input 10 numbers from user and output total and average of 10 numbers.
 DECLARE Num, Count, Total: INTEGER
Total 🡨 0
FOR Count 🡨 1 to 3
Num 🡨 INPUT “Enter a number”
Total 🡨 Total + Num
NEXT Count
Average 🡨 Total/ 10
OUTPUT “Total of entered 10 numbers is”, Total
OUTPUT “Average of entered 10 numbers is”, Average
MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 7

COUNTING
Adding 1 in previous value
Count 🡨 Count + 1
Example:-
Input 10 numbers from user and output how many numbers were greater then
50 DECLARE Num, Count, GreaterCount : INTEGER
GreaterCount 🡨 0
FOR Count 🡨 1 to 3
INPUT “Enter a number”, Num
IF Num > 50 THEN
GreaterCount🡨 GreaterCount +1
END IF
NEXT Count
OUTPUT “Numbers greater then 50 are” , MAA GreaterCount - Aitchison College - Lahore 8

Condition – controlled loops in programming

Pre-condition loops – may have Language
no iterations.

WHILE <Logical test> DO Pseudocode

<statements>
ENDWHILE
while <Logical test>: Python uses a colon to show the start of
the while loop and indentation to show
<statements>
which statements are in the while loop.

Post-condition loops – always has at Language

least one iteration.

REPEAT Pseudocode

<statements>
UNTIL <condition>
There is no REPEAT … UNTIL Loop statements in Python
MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore

9
 Example (Pre-condition loop) Language

Number 🡨 1 Pseudocode

WHILE Number < 11 DO

OUTPUT Number
Number 🡨 Number + 1
ENDWHILE

Number = 1 Python uses a colon to show the start of

the while loop and indentation to show
while Number < 11 :
which statements are in the while loop.
print ( Number )
Number = Number + 1

MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 10

 Example ( Post condition loop) Language

Number 🡨 1 Pseudocode

REPEAT
OUTPUT Number
Number 🡨 Number + 1
UNTIL Number > 10

There is no REPEAT … UNTIL Loop statements in Python

MAA - Aitchison College - Lahore 11