UNIT V

Virtualization: Virtualization and cloud computing - Need of virtualization – cost ,

administration , fast deployment , reduce infrastructure cost - limitations

Types of hardware virtualization: Full virtualization - partial virtualization - para

virtualization - Desktop virtualization - Software virtualization – Memory virtualization -
Storage virtualization – Data virtualization – Network virtualization

Microsoft Implementation: Microsoft Hyper V – Vmware features and infrastructure –

Virtual Box - Thin client

Virtualization in Cloud Computing

Virtualization technology is the process of creating a virtual platform with the aid of
virtualization software. These software’s acts as a layer between the primary system and the
secondary system or virtual systems. It allows the virtual system to access the resources of
the primary system such as RAM, ROM, Storage, CPU, Network etc.

“Do you know Virtualization is already a part of our lives, let me ask you a simple
question, have you ever formatted your computers or laptops? I am sure most of us have, the
first thing we do after formatting the hard drive we have to create different partitions on it.
This is nothing but hardware virtualization in which we virtually divide the hard disk into
multiple logical partitions.”

What is the concept behind the Virtualization?

Creation of a virtual machine over existing operating system and hardware is known
as Hardware Virtualization. A Virtual machine provides an environment that is logically
separated from the underlying hardware.

The machine on which the virtual machine is going to create is known as Host
Machine and that virtual machine is referred as a Guest Machine

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B Naresh, Lecturer in Computer Science, B V Raju College… Vishnupur :: Bhimavaram

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The Need of Virtualization

Virtualization plays a very important role in the cloud computing technology,

normally in the cloud computing, users share the data present in the clouds like application
etc, but actually with the help of virtualization users shares the Infrastructure.

The main usage of Virtualization Technology is to provide the applications with the
standard versions to their cloud users, suppose if the next version of that application is
released, then cloud provider has to provide the latest version to their cloud users and
practically it is possible because it is more expensive.

To overcome this problem we use basically virtualization technology, By using

virtualization, all severs and the software application which are required by other cloud
providers are maintained by the third party people, and the cloud providers has to pay the
money on monthly or annual basis.

Benefits of Virtualization

Cost

Depending on your solution, you can have a cost-free datacenter. You do have to shell
out the money for the physical server itself, but there are options for free virtualization
software and free operating systems.

Microsoft’s Virtual Server and VMware Server are free to download and install. If
you use a licensed operating system, of course that will cost money. For instance, if you
wanted five instances of Windows Server on that physical server, then you’re going to have
to pay for the licenses.

Naturally, there is an element of “you get what you pay for”.

Administration

Having all your servers in one place reduces your administrative burden. According to
VMware, you can reduce your administrative burden form 1:10 to 1:30. What this means is
that you can save time in your dialy server administration or add more servers by having a
virtualized environment.

The following factors ease your administrative burdens :

 A centralized console allows quicker access to servers.

 CDs and DVDs can be quickly mounted using ISO files.

 New servers can be quickly deployed.

 New virtual servers can be deployed more inexpensively than physical servers.

 RAM can be quickly allocated for disk drives.

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  Virtual servers can be moved from one server to another.

Fast Deployment

Because every virtual guest server is just a file on a disk, it’s easy to copy (or clone) a
system to create a new one. To copy an existing server, just copy the entire directory of the
current virtual server.

This can be used in the event the physical server fails, or if you want to test out a new
application to ensure that it will work and play well with the other tools on your network.
Virtualization software allows you to make clones of your work environment for these
endeavors.

Reduced Infrastructure Costs

We already talked about how can costs by using free servers and clients, like Linux,
as well as free distributions of Windows Virtual Server, Hyper-V or VMware. But there are
also reduced costs across your organization. If you reduce the number of physical servers you
use, then you save money on hardware, cooling, and electricity. You also reduce the number
of network ports, console video ports, mouse ports, and rack space.

Some of the savings you realize include

 Increased hardware utilization by as much as 70%

 Decreased hardware and software capital costs by as much as 40%

 Decreased operating costs by as much as 70%

Limitations

There are many benefits of cloud computing irrespective of the size of organization.
The benefits include secure and affordable managed hosting, accessibility of data form
anywhere at anytime, offsite backup, no need of internal IT resources, scalability and so on.

But there are some limitations as well since it is still an evolving technology.

 Cascading effect : If there is a problem in data center, all virtual machines are
affected. There might or might not be a backup of the data if an enterprise relies only
on the cloud for its data management needs.

 Network connection : It assumes that the client has reliable network connection. If
there are problems of network connectivity, accessing the cloud also becomes a
problem. Performance of the cloud applications also depend on the performance of
network at client’s side.

 Control of data security : In a public cloud, the client does not have the control over
security of his/her own data. The client’s data can be susceptible to hacking attacks.
Since the servers on cloud are interconnected it is easy for malware to spread.

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  Additional costs : Although cloud computing offers cost benefits, it has some hidden
or additional costs as well. Clients are charged extra for data transfer or other services.

 Peripherals : Peripheral devices like printers or scanners might not work with cloud.
Many of them require software to be installed locally. Networked peripherals have
lesser problems.

 Integration : Integrating internal applications with those on cloud can be complex

and in some cases not viable.

 Generic : Public cloud offerings are very generic and offer multi-tenancy service
which all organizations might not be comfortable with.

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Types of Virtualization

Virtualization is of various types.

1. Hardware Virtualization/Server Virtualization.

2. Network Virtualization.

3. Storage Virtualization.

4. Data Virtualization.

5. Desktop Virtualization.

6. Memory Virtualization.

7. Software Virtualization.

Hardware Virtualization/Server Virtualization

Hardware Virtualization is nothing but creating a completely new system on the

existing primary system via virtualization that acts as a real computer with an operating
system it is also termed as a virtual machine.

For e.g. creating a virtual machine via means of hypervisor or virtual machine
manager with Ubuntu Linux operating system on a computer which is already running a
Microsoft Windows OS.

Here both the host system and the virtual machine utilizes same hardware of the
primary system and work on completely distinct environments and handles completely
distinct applications.

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Network Virtualization

Network Virtualization is nothing but virtually pooling & managing all the available
network resources such as IP’s, Switches, Routers, NIC’s, VLAN tags etc. via means of tools
such as routing tables in real time and each channel is independently secured and distinct
from one another.

For e.g. Virtual Private Network (VPN) allows us to create a virtual network over the
internet without the use of actual wires or physical hardware. Network virtualization can be
categorized into two categories viz

 Internal – Provides a network to a single system.

 External – Combines network array or parts of networks into a virtual unit.

Storage Virtualization

We have seen worker bees working in a hive similarly in Storage virtualization the
servers are the worker bees in an array which are managed with a centralized virtual storage
system. Storage virtualization is generally classified into two categories.

 Block – It replaces controllers and takes over at the disk level & works before the file
system exists.

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  File – The server that uses the storage must have the software installed on it in order
to enable file-level usage.

Data Virtualization

Data virtualization enables to decrease the data errors and workloads. It also enables
to simply manipulate data, where is it physically located and how is it formatted.

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Desktop Virtualization

The Phrase ‘Work from Anywhere’ is practically possible because of Desktop

Virtualization it provides work convenience and security. It enables us to remotely access the
data from anywhere and anytime through any device. It provides a lot of flexibility and
feasibility for employees and the data is safe and secure as it is stored at a centralized
location.

Memory Virtualization

Memory Virtualization is the process of aggregating & pooling the complete

Random-Access Memory (RAM) resources from the network grid or cluster into a single
memory pool. It provides a greater memory capacity and the disk drive also serves as an
extension of the main memory.

Implementations

 Application-level integration: Applications running on connected computers directly

connected to the memory pool through an API or the file system.

 Operating System Level Integration – The operating system first connects to the
memory pool, and makes that pooled memory available to applications.

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Software Virtualization

Software Virtualization comprises of the ability to the primary system to create and
run more virtual environment. It enables a computer system to allow a guest OS to run. For
example, Linux could run as a guest to run a Microsoft Windows OS.

Software Virtualization is also of three types which includes

 Operating System
 Application Virtualization and
 Service Virtualization.

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Hardware Virtualization and its types:

When the virtual machine software or virtual machine manager (VMM) is directly
installed on the hardware system is known as hardware virtualization.

The main job of hypervisor is to control and monitoring the processor, memory and
other hardware resources.

After virtualization of hardware system we can install different operating system on it

and run different applications on those OS.

Usage:

Hardware virtualization is mainly done for the server platforms, because controlling
virtual machines is much easier than controlling a physical server.

Types of Hardware Virtualization

Here are the three types of hardware virtualization:

 Full Virtualization

 Emulation Virtualization

 Paravirtualization

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Full Virtualization

In full virtualization, the underlying hardware is completely simulated. Guest

software does not require any modification to run.

Emulation Virtualization

In Emulation, the virtual machine simulates the hardware and hence becomes
independent of it. In this, the guest operating system does not require modification.

Paravirtualization

In Paravirtualization, the hardware is not simulated. The guest software run their
own isolated domains.

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 VMware vSphere is highly developed infrastructure that offers a management
infrastructure framework for virtualization. It virtualizes the system, storage and networking
hardware.

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Microsoft Hyper-V

Microsoft Hyper-V is a server virtualization product developed by Microsoft

Corporation, which provides virtualization services through hypervisor-based emulations.

Microsoft introduced Hyper-V as a virtualization platform in 2008, and it continued to

release new Hyper-V versions with new Windows server versions. So far, there are a total of
four versions, including Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server
2008 R2 and Windows Server 2008.

Hypervisor

Hyper-V is a hybrid hypervisor, which is installed from OS (via Windows wizard of

adding roles). However, during installation it redesigns the OS architecture and becomes just
like a next layer on the physical hardware.

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Types of Hypervisors

A hypervisor is a thin software layer that intercepts operating system calls to the
hardware. It is also called as the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). It creates a virtual
platform on the host computer, on top of which multiple guest operating systems are executed
and monitored.

Hypervisors are two types −

 Native of Bare Metal Hypervisor and

 Hosted Hypervisor

Native or Bare Metal Hypervisor

Native hypervisors are software systems that run directly on the host's hardware to
control the hardware and to monitor the Guest Operating Systems. The guest operating
system runs on a separate level above the hypervisor. All of them have a Virtual Machine
Manager.

Examples of this virtual machine architecture are Oracle VM, Microsoft Hyper-V,
VMWare ESX and Xen.

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Hosted Hypervisor

Hosted hypervisors are designed to run within a traditional operating system. In other
words, a hosted hypervisor adds a distinct software layer on top of the host operating system.
While, the guest operating system becomes a third software level above the hardware.

A well-known example of a hosted hypervisor is Oracle VM VirtualBox. Others

include VMWare Server and Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC, KVM (Kernel-based
Virtual Machine is a virtualization module in the Linux kernel that allows the kernel to
function as a hypervisor.

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