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Network Topology

Network topology refers to the layout pattern of interconnections between computers in a network, with types including Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh, and Hybrid topologies. Each topology has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as Bus topology being cost-effective but difficult to manage, while Star topology offers easy monitoring but is more expensive. Understanding these topologies helps in designing efficient and reliable networks.

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13 views6 pages

Network Topology

Network topology refers to the layout pattern of interconnections between computers in a network, with types including Bus, Star, Ring, Tree, Mesh, and Hybrid topologies. Each topology has its own advantages and disadvantages, such as Bus topology being cost-effective but difficult to manage, while Star topology offers easy monitoring but is more expensive. Understanding these topologies helps in designing efficient and reliable networks.

Uploaded by

Sidhartha Nayak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is topology? Explain different types of topology?

Computers in a network have to be connected in some logical manner. The layout pattern of
the interconnections between computers in a network is called network topology.
* The topology is of following types:
(i) Bus Topology
(ii) Tree Topology
(iii) Ring Topology
(iv) Star Topology
(v) Mesh Topology
(vi) Hybrid Topology
Bus Topology
 This is a type of network topology in which a common cable is used for the data
transmission.
 The structure of the topology is in straight line, so all the modes are connected to that
single common cable. The common cable is known as bus.
 The signal travels through the entire length of the backbone and is received by the
node for which it is intended.
 A small device called terminator is attached at each end of the backbone.
 The main cable or common cable acts as a backbone for the network.
 When the signal reaches the end of backbone, it is absorbed by the terminator and the
backbone gets free to carry another signal
 It is also known as linear topology.
 A small device called terminator is attached at each end of the backbone.
 All a computer are connected is called as node.

Advantages:
(i) Short cable length.
(ii) Easy to extend.
(iii) Cost is less to design the network
(iv) It is easy to install.
(v) Failure of a node doesn’t affect the network.
Disadvantages:
(i) No center node is present to manage the network.
(ii) It can be difficult to identify the fault or problems.
(iii) It is not used for large network.
(iv) At a time only one node can transmit the data
Star Topology
 The topology in which the nodes are in a star fashion is called as star topology.
 All nodes are connected to the main computer called as server.
 It transmits the data as a hub to each node.
 The central node can monitor individually all the nodes.
 The nodes are called as client to the server.
 he star topology is more efficient than the bus topology.
 The central hub can be a computer server that manages the network, or it can be a
much simpler device that only makes the connections between computers

Advantages:
(i) Central node is present to monitor all other network.
(ii) Problem diagnosis is easy.
(iii) It is easy to add new nodes to the network.
(iv) Failure of one node doesn’t affect the entire network.
(v) The network is robust.
Disadvantages:
(i) If center node fails, total network will also fail.
(ii) It requires more cable than bus topology.
(iii) It is more expensive.
Ring Topology
 This is a type of topology in which the nodes are designed in a ring fashion.
 The data transmission is unidirectional i.e., one-way data transmission.
 If a single node transfer the data, it depends on it adjacent node the send and receive
the data i.e., the nth node will depend on (n-1)th node and (n+1)th node.
 In this topology the data travels in one direction.
 Each computer is directly connected to the next computer, forming a single pathway
for signals through the network.

Advantages:
(i) Short cable length
(ii) Easy for addition & deletion of a node.
(iii) It is easy to install and manage.
(iv) It is easy to point out which connection is defective.
(v) It is used for handling high volume traffic over long distances.
Disadvantages:
(i) No central node to monitor all other nodes.
(ii) Adding or deleting the compute disturbs the network activity.
(iii) If the single computer fails then the entire network goes down.
Tree Topology
 It is a type of topology in which a parent node is present to design the network.
 The structure of network is like a tree fashion.
 Every node having child nodes for share and exchange of information.
 Each node (Child node) depends on its parent node for the data transmission.
 The tree topology is the combination of bus & star topology.
 The tree topology is also known as hierarchical topology.
 It is the extension of bus topology.
Advantages:
(i) Parent node is present to monitor the child.
(ii) Failure of node can be reconfigured by the parent.
(iii) Extension is easy.
(iv) It is well suitable for temporary networks.
(v) It provides easy way of network expansion.
Disadvantage:
(i) If one parent node fails, the corresponding child node will fail.
(ii) It maintenance is difficult for large network.
(iii) Difficult to configure.
(iv) If the common cable damaged then the network will be separated.

Mesh Topology:
 It is a type of complex topology
 All nodes are interconnected to share and exchange of information.
 The individual nodes are connected in such manner that no nodes can be removed
easily.
 There is no central node is present to monitor all other nodes
 The installation is complex to add or remove a new node.
 In this topology data travelled along a dedicated connection.
 every node has a direct point-to-point connection to every other node. Because all
connections are direct, the network can handle very high-volume traffic.

Advantage:
I. Each connect can carry its own data.
II. Security is high.
III. Fault is diagnosed easily.
IV. If one connection fails it can’t be hamper to the network
Disadvantage:
a. Initialization & configuration are difficult.
b. It is expensive.
c. It is hard to understand.
Hybrid Topology:
(i) The hybrid topology is a collection of 2 or more topology together.
(ii) It is the collection of tree, star or ring topology etc.
(iii) There is no effect to remove any topology from the hybrid topology.
(iv) The hybrid topology is done according to the requirement of the organization.
Advantage:
i. It is more reliable
ii. Fault detected can be easy.
iii. It is easy to increase of the size of network.
iv. It is flexible.
Disadvantage:
i. It is complex to design
ii. It is expensive
iii. It required more cable and network devices etc.

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