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Pertemuan VIII Waveguide I - Lecture

The document provides an overview of waveguides, which are structures that confine electromagnetic waves to a single path, allowing for efficient long-distance transmission. It discusses different types of waveguides, including slab, channel, metal pipe, and dielectric waveguides, along with their characteristics and applications in optics and RF circuits. Additionally, it outlines the steps for waveguide analysis and the governing equations involved in determining waveguide parameters.

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Irwan Pross
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12 views42 pages

Pertemuan VIII Waveguide I - Lecture

The document provides an overview of waveguides, which are structures that confine electromagnetic waves to a single path, allowing for efficient long-distance transmission. It discusses different types of waveguides, including slab, channel, metal pipe, and dielectric waveguides, along with their characteristics and applications in optics and RF circuits. Additionally, it outlines the steps for waveguide analysis and the governing equations involved in determining waveguide parameters.

Uploaded by

Irwan Pross
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEKTROMAGNETIK LANJUT DAN GELOMBANG MIKRO:

WAVEGUIDE (1) - LECTURE


SOFIAN HAMID
RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN
TOPICS: WAVEGUIDE

Waveguide: Introduction

Waveguide: Analysis
WHAT IS A WAVEGUIDE?

• A waveguide is a structure that confines the propagation of waves to a single path.


• They are “pipes” for electromagnetic waves.
• Waveguides are useful because they allow electromagnetic waves to be transported long
distances without suffering from power loss due to the wave “spreading” out.
SLAB VS. CHANNEL WAVEGUIDES

Slab waveguides confine waves along only one axis. Channel waveguides confine waves along two axes.
WAVEGUIDE MODES

• The field inside a waveguide must obey


Maxwell’s equations. This limits what
field configurations are possible into a
discrete set.
• Each solution is called a mode.
• Each mode looks different and behaves
differently inside the waveguide.
MAP OF WAVEGUIDES
NOTES ON TRANSMISSION LINES

• Contains two or more conductors


• No low frequency cutoff. Works down to DC.
• Supports TEM, TE, and TM modes when the dielectric is homogeneous
• Supports higher‐order modes, not just TEM.
• Serve more as a circuit element than a wave device
• Very compact for low frequency signals
• Tend to be lossy at very high frequencies (> 10 GHz) due to skin effect
and dielectric loss
NOTES ON METAL PIPE WAVEGUIDES

• Contains on a single conductor


• Has a low frequency cutoff below which there is no propagation of waves
• Supports TE and TM waves only if dielectric is homogeneous
• Field confined to inside of the waveguide
• Less lossy for very high frequency waves
• Prohibitively large size at low frequencies
NOTES ON DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES

• Does not contain any metals


• Symmetric dielectric waveguides have no low‐frequency cutoff
• Symmetric waveguides (e.g. slabs & circularly symmetric) support TE and TM modes
• Most have a low frequency cutoff below which no waves can propagate
• Hybrid modes still tend to be strongly linearly polarized
• Optical fibers are dielectric waveguides
• Field extends outside of the core
EXAMPLES OF WAVEGUIDES: OPTICS APPLICATION
Channel Waveguides for Integrated Optics
EXAMPLES OF WAVEGUIDES: RF APPLICATION
Channel Waveguides for Radio Frequencies
EXAMPLES OF WAVEGUIDES: RF APPLICATION
Channel Waveguides for RF Circuits
GOVERNING EQUATIONS FOR WAVEGUIDE ANALYSIS

Steps for Waveguide Analysis

1. Draw the waveguide.


2. Assume a form of the solution. Outer regions must decay exponentially or be equal to zero.
3. Substitute solution into Maxwell’s equations.
4. Simplify equations based on the geometry of the waveguide.
5. Manipulate equations into a differential equation to solve. This is called the governing equation.
6. Solve the governing equation in each homogeneous region of the waveguide.
7. “Connect” the solutions in each region using boundary conditions.
8. Calculate the overall field solution.
9. Use the field solution to calculate the waveguide parameters such as 𝛽, Z0, and the profile of the
fields.
VARIOUS WAVE EQUATIONS
EXPAND MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS
GENERAL FORM OF SOLUTION FOR WAVEGUIDES
ANIMATION OF A WAVEGUIDE MODE
ASSUME THE FORM OF THE SOLUTION
REDUCING NUMBER OF TERMS
REDUCE THE NUMBER OF TERMS TO SOLVE (1 OF 2)
REDUCE THE NUMBER OF TERMS TO SOLVE (2 OF 2)
REDUCED SET OF EQUATIONS
HOW TO FIND E0,Z AND H0,Z?
SOLUTION CATEGORIES
SETUP FOR ANALYZING HYBRID MODES: ELIMINATE E0,Z AND H0,Z
FORM A MATRIX EQUATION
QUASI‐LP ANALYSIS
SETUP FOR TEM ANALYSIS: EXISTENCE CONDITIONS FOR TEM
TEM ANALYSIS (1 OF 3)
TEM ANALYSIS (2 OF 3)
TEM ANALYSIS (3 OF 3)
ALTERNATE DERIVATION OF TEM ANALYSIS
SETUP FOR TE & TM ANALYSIS: EXISTENCE CONDITIONS FOR TE AND TM MODES
TE ANALYSIS IN LHI MEDIA
TM ANALYSIS IN LHI MEDIA
SETUP FOR ANALYZING SLAB WAVEGUIDES: GEOMETRY AND SOLUTION
ORIGIN OF TE AND TM MODES (1 OF 3)
ORIGIN OF TE AND TM MODES (2 OF 3)
ORIGIN OF TE AND TM MODES (3 OF 3)
TE WAVE EQUATION
TM WAVE EQUATION

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