St.

PAUL’S DEGREE & PG COLLEGE

(Affiliated to Osmania University)
Street No. 8, Himayathnagar, Hyderabad. Ph.No: 27602533

Programming in C
Lab

1) Write a program using arithmetic operator.

//Arithmetic.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int a,b;
int op;
printf(" 1.Addition\n 2.Subtraction\n 3.Multiplication\n 4.Division\n");
printf("Enter the values of a & b: ");
scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);
printf("Enter your Choice : ");
scanf("%d",&op);
switch(op)
{
case 1:
printf("Sum of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a+b);
break;
case 2:
printf("Difference of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a-b);
break;
case 3:
printf("Multiplication of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a*b);
break;
case 4:
printf("Division of Two Numbers is %d : ",a/b);
break;
default:
printf(" Enter Your Correct Choice.");
break;
}
getch( );
return 0;
}
2) Write a program using logical operator.

//Logical.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int a = 5, b = 10 ,ret;
ret = ( (a <= b) || (a != b) );
// 5 <= 10 ==> true. 5 != 10 ==> true. So, 1 || 1 will return 1.
printf("Return value of above expression is %d\n",ret);

ret = ( ( a < b) && (a == b ) );

// 5 < 10 ==>true. 5 == 10 ==> false. So, 1 && 0 will return 0;
printf("Return value of above expression is %d\n",ret);

ret = ! ( ( a < b) && (a == b ) );

/*we have used the same expression here.
And its result was 0. So !0 will be 1.*/
printf("Return value of above expression is %d\n",ret);
getch( );
return 0;
}

3) Write a program using bitwise operator.

//Bitwise.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int num1,num2;
printf(“Enter two integers:”);
scanf(“%d %d”,&num1 , &num2);
//Bitwise AND
int bitwiseAND = num1 & num2;
printf(“Bitwise AND :%d\n”,bitwiseAND);

//Bitwise OR
int bitwiseOR = num1 | num2;
printf(“Bitwise OR:%d\n”,bitwiseOR );

//Bitwise XOR
 int bitwiseXOR = num1 ^ num2;
printf(“Bitwise XOR :%d\n”,bitwiseXOR );

//Bitwise left shift

int leftshift = num1 <<1;
printf(“Left shift by 1:%d\n”,leftshift) ;

//Bitwise right shift

int rightshift = num2 >>1;
printf(“Right shift by 1: %d\n” ,rightshift );
getch( );
return 0;
}

4)Write a program using ternary operator.

Ternary.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int age;
printf(“Enter your age:”);
scanf(“%d”,&age);
(age >= 18 ? printf(“You can vote”) : printf(“You cannot vote”));
getch( );
return 0;
}

5) Write a program using simple control statements for Roots of a Quadratic Equation.
//Roots of a Quadratic equation.
//Quadratic.cpp
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
double a, b, c, discriminant, root1, root2, realPart, imagPart;
printf("Enter coefficients a, b and c: ");
scanf("%lf %lf %lf", &a, &b, &c);
discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;

// condition for real and different roots

if (discriminant > 0) {
root1 = (-b + sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
root2 = (-b - sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
printf("root1 = %.2lf and root2 = %.2lf", root1, root2);
 }

// condition for real and equal roots

else if (discriminant == 0) {
root1 = root2 = -b / (2 * a);
printf("root1 = root2 = %.2lf", root1);
}

// if roots are not real

else {
realPart = -b / (2 * a);
imagPart = sqrt(-discriminant) / (2 * a);
printf("root1 = %.2lf+%.2lfi and root2 = %.2f-%.2fi", realPart, imagPart, realPart,
imagPart);
}
getch( );
return 0;
}

6) Write a program using simple control statements for extracting digits of integers.

//Extracting digits of integers.

//Integers.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int num = 1024;
while(num != 0){
int digit = num % 10;
num = num / 10;
printf("%d\n", digit);
}
getch( );
return 0;
}

7) Write a program using simple control statements for reversing digits.

//Reversing Digits:
//Reversing.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
 clrscr( );
int n, reverse = 0, remainder;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
while (n != 0) {
remainder = n % 10;
reverse = reverse * 10 + remainder;
n = n/ 10;
}
printf("Reversed number = %d", reverse);
getch( );
return 0;
}

8)Write a program using simple control statements for finding sum of digits.
//Finding Sum of Digit.
//Sumofdigit.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int n,sum=0,m;
printf("Enter a number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
while(n>0)
{
m=n%10;
sum=sum+m;
n=n/10;
}
printf("Sum is=%d",sum);
getch( );
return 0;
}

9)Write a program using simple control statements for printing multiplication tables.
//Printing multiplication tables.
//Multitables.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int n, i;
 printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) {
printf("%d * %d = %d \n", n, i, n * i);
}
getch( );
return 0;
}

10) Write a program using simple control statements for Armstrong Numbers.
//Armstrong.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int num, originalNum, remainder, result = 0;
printf("Enter a three-digit integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
originalNum = num;
while (originalNum != 0) {
// remainder contains the last digit
remainder = originalNum % 10;
result += remainder * remainder * remainder;
// removing last digit from the orignal number
originalNum /= 10;
}
if (result == num)
printf("%d is an Armstrong number.", num);
else
printf("%d is not an Armstrong number.", num);
getch( );
return 0;
}

11) Write a program using simple control statements for checking for prime.
//Checkprime.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
 int n, i, flag = 0;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// 0 and 1 are not prime numbers
// change flag to 1 for non-prime number
if (n == 0 || n == 1)
flag = 1;
for (i = 2; i <= n / 2; ++i) {
// if n is divisible by i, then n is not prime
// change flag to 1 for non-prime number
if (n % i == 0) {
flag = 1;
break;
}
}
// flag is 0 for prime numbers
if (flag == 0)
printf("%d is a prime number.", n);
else
printf("%d is not a prime number.", n);
getch( );
return 0;
}

12) Write a program using simple control statements for magic numbers.
//Magicnum.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
int main ( )
{
clrscr( );
// declare integer variables
int n, temp, rev = 0, digit, sum_of_digits = 0;
printf (" Enter a Number: \n");
scanf (" %d", &n); // get the number
temp = n; // assign the number to temp variable
// use while loop to calculate the sum of digits
while ( temp > 0)
{
// extract digit one by one and store into the sum_of_digits
sum_of_digits = sum_of_digits + temp % 10;
/* use modulus symbol to get the remainder of each iteration by temp % 10 */
temp = temp / 10;
 }
temp = sum_of_digits; // assign the sum_of_digits to temp variable
printf (" \n The sum of the digits = %d", temp);

// get the reverse sum of given digits

while ( temp > 0)
{
rev = rev * 10 + temp % 10;
temp = temp / 10;
}

printf (" \n The reverse of the digits = %d", rev);

printf (" \n The product of %d * %d = %d", sum_of_digits, rev, rev *
sum_of_digits);
// use if else statement to check the magic number
if ( rev * sum_of_digits == n)
{
printf (" \n %d is a Magic Number. ", n);
}
else
{
printf (" \n %d is not a Magic Number. ", n);
}
getch( );
return 0;
}

13) Write a program to find the value of sin(x) using series expansion.
/* A C program to computer value of sin(x) using series expansion */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
unsigned long int fact(int n);
void main( )
{
clrscr( );
int sign=1,x,i;
double sum=0,r;
printf(“Enter the radius :”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
r=(x*3.14f)/180; /* Converting radius value */
for(i=1;i<=10;i+=2)
{
sum=sum+( (pow(r,i)/fact(i)) * sign );
sign= -sign;
}
 printf(“sin(%d) = %lf\n”,x,sum);
}
unsigned long int fact(int n)
{
unsigned long int f=1;
int i;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
return f;
}

14) Write a program to find the value of cos(x) using series expansion.

/* A C program to computer value of cos(x) using series expansion */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<conio.h>
unsigned long int fact(int n);
void main( )
{
clrscr( );
int sign=1,x,i;
double sum=1,r;
printf(“Enter the radius :”);
scanf(“%d”,&x);
r=(x*3.14f)/180; /* Converting radius value */
for(i=2;i<=10;i+=2)
{
sign= -sign;
sum=sum+( (pow(r,i)/fact(i)) * sign );
}
printf(“Cos(%d) = %lf\n”, x,sum);
}
unsigned long int fact(int n)
{
unsigned long int f=1;
int i;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
f=f*i;
}
return f;
}
15) Write a program to convert Binary to Decimal.
// Convert binary to decimal
//Binarytodec.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>
// function prototype
int convert(long long);
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
long long n;
printf("Enter a binary number: ");
scanf("%lld", &n);
printf("%lld in binary = %d in decimal", n, convert(n));
getch( );
return 0;
}
// function definition
int convert(long long n) {
int dec = 0, i = 0, rem;
while (n!=0) {
rem = n % 10;
n /= 10;
dec += rem * pow(2, i);
++i;
}
return dec;
}

16)Write a program to convert Decimal to Binary.

//Convert decimal to binary
//Dectobinary.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include<conio.h>
long long convert(int);
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int n, bin;
printf("Enter a decimal number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
bin = convert(n);
printf("%d in decimal = %lld in binary", n, bin);
return 0;
}
long long convert(int n) {
long long bin = 0;
 int rem, i = 1;
while (n!=0) {
rem = n % 2;
n /= 2;
bin += rem * i;
i *= 10;
}
return bin;
}

17)Write a program to convert Binary to Octal.

//Convert binary to octal.

//Bintooctal.cpp
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int convert(long long bin);
int main( ) {
long long bin;
printf("Enter a binary number: ");
scanf("%lld", &bin);
printf("%lld in binary = %d in octal", bin, convert(bin));
getch( );
return 0;
}
int convert(long long bin) {
int oct = 0, dec = 0, i = 0;
// converting binary to decimal
while (bin != 0) {
dec += (bin % 10) * pow(2, i);
++i;
bin /= 10;
}
i = 1;
// converting to decimal to octal
while (dec != 0) {
oct += (dec % 8) * i;
dec /= 8;
i *= 10;
}
return oct;
}
18)Write a program to convert Octal to Binary
//Convert octal to binary:
//Octtobinary.cpp
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
long long convert(int oct);
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int oct;
printf("Enter an octal number: ");
scanf("%d", &oct);
printf("%d in octal = %lld in binary", oct, convert(oct));
getch( );
return 0;
}
long long convert(int oct) {
int dec = 0, i = 0;
long long bin = 0;
// converting octal to decimal
while (oct != 0) {
dec += (oct % 10) * pow(8, i);
++i;
oct /= 10;
}
i = 1;
// converting decimal to binary
while (dec != 0) {
bin += (dec % 2) * i;
dec /= 2;
i *= 10;
}
return bin;
}

19) Write a program to convert Binary to Hexadecimal.

//Bintohex.cpp

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main( )
{
long int binary_number, hexadecimal_number = 0, i = 1, remainder;
clrscr();
printf("Please Enter any Binary Number: ");
scanf("%ld", &binary_number);
while (binary_number != 0)
{
 remainder = binary_number % 10;
hexadecimal_number = hexadecimal_number + remainder * i;
i = i * 2;
binary_number = binary_number / 10;
}
printf("Equivalent Hexadecimal Number %lX", hexadecimal_number);
getch( ); }

20)Write a program to convert Hexadecimal to Binary.

//Hextobin.cpp

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define MAX 1000
void main()
{
char binary_number[MAX], hexa[MAX];
long int i = 0;
clrscr();

printf("Enter the value for Hexadecimal ");

scanf("%s", hexa);
printf("\n Equivalent Binary value: ");
while (hexa[i])
{
switch (hexa[i])
{
case '0':
printf("0000"); break;
case '1':
printf("0001"); break;
case '2':
printf("0010"); break;
case '3':
printf("0011"); break;
case '4':
printf("0100"); break;
case '5':
printf("0101"); break;
case '6':
printf("0110"); break;
case '7':
printf("0111"); break;
case '8':
 printf("1000"); break;
case '9':
printf("1001"); break;
case 'A':
printf("1010"); break;
case 'B':
printf("1011"); break;
case 'C':
printf("1100"); break;
case 'D':
printf("1101"); break;
case 'E':
printf("1110"); break;
case 'F':
printf("1111"); break;
case 'a':
printf("1010"); break;
case 'b':
printf("1011"); break;
case 'c':
printf("1100"); break;
case 'd':
printf("1101"); break;
case 'e':
printf("1110"); break;
case 'f':
printf("1111"); break;
default:
printf("\n Invalid hexa digit %c ", hexa[i]);
}
i++;
}
getch();
}

21)Write a program to create a Pascal triangle.

//Pascal.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int rows, coef = 1, space, i, j;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
 for (space = 1; space <= rows - i; space++)
printf(" ");
for (j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
if (j == 0 || i == 0)
coef = 1;
else
coef = coef * (i - j + 1) / j;
printf("%4d", coef);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
return 0;
}

22)Write a program to create Pyramid of numbers.

//Pyramid.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int i, space, rows, k = 0, count = 0, count1 = 0;
printf("Enter the number of rows: ");
scanf("%d", &rows);
for (i = 1; i <= rows; ++i) {
for (space = 1; space <= rows - i; ++space) {
printf(" ");
++count;
}
while (k != 2 * i - 1) {
if (count <= rows - 1) {
printf("%d ", i + k);
++count;
} else {
++count1;
printf("%d ", (i + k - 2 * count1));
}
++k;
}
count1 = count = k = 0;
printf("\n");
}
getch( );
return 0;
}

23)Write a program to find the factorial of a number using recursion.

 //Factorial.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
long int multiplyNumbers(int n);
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int n;
printf("Enter a positive integer: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Factorial of %d = %ld", n, multiplyNumbers(n));
getch( );
return 0;
}
long int multiplyNumbers(int n) {
if (n>=1)
return n*multiplyNumbers(n-1);
else
return 1;
}

24)Write a program to fibnocci series using recursion.

//Fibnocci.cpp

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,number;
printf("Enter the number of elements:");
scanf("%d",&number);
printf("\n%d %d",n1,n2);//printing 0 and 1
for(i=2;i<number;++i)//loop starts from 2 because 0 and 1 are already printed
{
n3=n1+n2;
printf(" %d",n3);
n1=n2;
n2=n3;
}
getch( );
return 0;
}
25)Write a program to GCD of two numbers.
//GCD.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int hcf(int n1, int n2);
int main( ) {
clrscr( );
int n1, n2;
printf("Enter two positive integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &n1, &n2);
printf("G.C.D of %d and %d is %d.", n1, n2, hcf(n1, n2));
getch( );
return 0;
}
int hcf(int n1, int n2) {
if (n2 != 0)
return hcf(n2, n1 % n2);
else
return n1;
}

26)Write a program to find the maximum, minimum, average and standard deviation
of given set of numbers using arrays.

//Array.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
clrscr( );
int a[1000],i,n,min,max,sum=0,SD,sum1;
float average,mean;
printf("Enter size of the array : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter elements in array : ");
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
sum=sum+a[i];
sum1 += (a[i] - mean) * (a[i] - mean);
}
min=max=a[0];
for(i=1; i<n; i++)
{
if(min>a[i])
min=a[i];
 if(max<a[i])
max=a[i]; }
average = 1.0*sum/n;
SD = sqrt(sum1 / n);
printf("sum is : %d\n ",sum);
printf("mean is : %d\n ",sum1);
printf("standard deviation is : %d\n ",SD);
printf("Your average is %.2f\n",average);
printf("minimum of array is : %d",min);
printf("\nmaximum of array is : %d",max);
getch( );
return 0;
}

27)Write a program to reverse an array ,removal of duplicates from array.

//Array1.cpp
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( ) {
int arr[20], i, j, k, size;
printf("\nEnter array size : ");
scanf("%d", &size);
printf("\nAccept Numbers : ");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
printf("\nArray with Unique list : ");
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
for (j = i + 1; j < size;) {
if (arr[j] == arr[i]) {
for (k = j; k < size; k++) {
arr[k] = arr[k + 1];
}
size--;
} else
j++;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr[i]);
}
getch( );
return (0);
}

28)Write a program to Matrix addition using functions.

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to read a matrix from the user
void readMatrix(int matrix[][100], int rows, int columns) {
printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
}
}
}

// Function to add two matrices and store the result in a third matrix
void addMatrices(int matrix1[][100], int matrix2[][100], int result[][100], int rows, int
columns) {
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
result[i][j] = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j];
}
}
}

// Function to display a matrix

void displayMatrix(int matrix[][100], int rows, int columns) {
printf("Matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < columns; j++) {
printf("%d\t", matrix[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}

int main() {
int rows, columns;

printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of the matrices: ");

scanf("%d %d", &rows, &columns);

int matrix1[100][100], matrix2[100][100], result[100][100];

printf("For the first matrix:\n");

readMatrix(matrix1, rows, columns);

printf("For the second matrix:\n");

readMatrix(matrix2, rows, columns);

addMatrices(matrix1, matrix2, result, rows, columns);

 printf("Result of matrix addition:\n");
displayMatrix(result, rows, columns);

return 0;
}

29) Write a program to Matrix multiplication using functions.

#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int r1,r2,c1,c2;
printf("Enter number of rows for First Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&r1);
printf("Enter number of columns for First Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&c1);
printf("Enter number of rows for Second Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&r2);
printf("Enter number of columns for Second Matrix:\n");
scanf("%d",&c2);
if(c1!=r2)
{
printf("Matrices Can't be multiplied together");
}
else
{
int m1[r1][c1],m2[r2][c2];
printf("Enter first matrix elements \n");
for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c1;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&m1[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter Second matrix elements\n");
for(int i=0;i<r2;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&m2[i][j]);
}
}
int mul[r1][c2];
for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
 for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
mul[i][j]=0;

// Multiplying i’th row with j’th column

for(int k=0;k<c1;k++)
{
mul[i][j]+=m1[i][k]*m2[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("Multiplied matrix\n");
for(int i=0;i<r1;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<c2;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",mul[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}

30) Write a program to find the transpose of a square matrix using functions.

#include <stdio.h>
void transpose(int p[3][3], int t[3][3]);
int main() {
int i, j;
int p[3][3], t[3][3];
printf("Enter matrix P\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("Enter the elements of matrix P [%d,%d]: ", i, j);
scanf("%d", & p[i][j]);
}
}
transpose(p, t);
printf("Transpose of matrix P is:\n\n");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", t[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}}
void transpose(int p[3][3], int t[3][3]) {
int row, col;
for (row = 0; row < 3; row++) {
for (col = 0; col < 3; col++) {
t[row][col] = p[col][row];
} }}

31) Write a program for functions of string manipulation: inputting and outputting string , using
string functions such as strlen( ), strcat( ), strcpy( ) ………etc.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char inputString[100]; // To store user input
char resultString[200]; // To store manipulated strings

// Input a string
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", inputString);

// Calculate and print the length of the input string

int length = strlen(inputString);
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", length);

// Copy the input string to the result string

strcpy(resultString, inputString);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", resultString);

// Concatenate a second string to the result string

char appendString[100];
printf("Enter a string to concatenate: ");
scanf("%s", appendString);
strcat(resultString, appendString);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", resultString);

return 0;
}

32) Write a simple programs for strings without using string functions.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main( ) {
char inputString[100]; // To store user input
char resultString[200]; // To store manipulated strings
 // Input a string
printf("Enter a string: ");
scanf("%s", inputString);
// Calculate and print the length of the input string
int length = strlen(inputString);
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", length);
// Copy the input string to the result string
strcpy(resultString, inputString);
printf("Copied string: %s\n", resultString);
// Concatenate a second string to the result string
char appendString[100];
printf("Enter a string to concatenate: ");
scanf("%s", appendString);
strcat(resultString, appendString);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", resultString);
return 0;
}

33) Write a program to find the No. of characters, words and lines of given text file.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
FILE * file;
char path[100];
char ch;
int characters, words, lines;
/* Input path of files to merge to third file */
printf("Enter source file path: ");
scanf("%s", path);
/* Open source files in 'r' mode */
file = fopen(path, "r");
/* Check if file opened successfully */
if (file == NULL)
{
printf("\nUnable to open file.\n");
printf("Please check if file exists and you have read privilege.\n");

exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/*
* Logic to count characters, words and lines.
*/
characters = words = lines = 0;
while ((ch = fgetc(file)) != EOF)
{
 characters++;
/* Check new line */
if (ch == '\n' || ch == '\0')
lines++;
/* Check words */
if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n' || ch == '\0')
words++;
}
/* Increment words and lines for last word */
if (characters > 0)
{
words++;
lines++;
}
/* Print file statistics */
printf("\n");
printf("Total characters = %d\n", characters);
printf("Total words = %d\n", words);
printf("Total lines = %d\n", lines);
/* Close files to release resources */
fclose(file);
return 0;
}

34)Write a program for file handling programs : student memo printing.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct {
char name[50];
int rollNumber;
float marks;
} Student;

int main() {
FILE *inputFile, *outputFile;
char inputFileName[] = "student_info.txt";
char outputFileName[] = "student_memos.txt";

// Open the input file for reading

inputFile = fopen(inputFileName, "r");
if (inputFile == NULL) {
printf("Error opening input file %s.\n", inputFileName);
return 1;
}
 // Open the output file for writing
outputFile = fopen(outputFileName, "w");
if (outputFile == NULL) {
printf("Error opening output file %s.\n", outputFileName);
return 1;
}

// Read student information from the input file and generate memos
Student student;
while (fscanf(inputFile, "%s %d %f", student.name, &student.rollNumber,
&student.marks) != EOF) {
// Generate the student memo
fprintf(outputFile, "Student Name: %s\n", student.name);
fprintf(outputFile, "Roll Number: %d\n", student.rollNumber);
fprintf(outputFile, "Marks: %.2f\n", student.marks);
fprintf(outputFile, "----------------------------------\n");
}

// Close the input and output files

fclose(inputFile);
fclose(outputFile);

printf("Student memos have been generated in %s.\n", outputFileName);

return 0;
}

35)Write a program in C to copy the elements of one array into another array using for loop.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
//Initialize array
int arr1[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

//Calculate length of array arr1

int length = sizeof(arr1)/sizeof(arr1[0]);

//Create another array arr2 with the size of arr1.

int arr2[length];

//Copying all elements of one array into another

for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
arr2[i] = arr1[i];
}
 //Displaying elements of array arr1
printf("Elements of original array: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr1[i]);
}

printf("\n");

//Displaying elements of array arr2

printf("Elements of new array: \n");
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
printf("%d ", arr2[i]);
}
return 0;
}

36)Write a C program to check whether a given number is positive or negative using conditional
statement.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;

// Input
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &number);

// Check if the number is positive or negative

if (number > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
} else if (number < 0) {
printf("The number is negative.\n");
} else {
printf("The number is zero.\n");
}

return 0;
}

37)Write a program in C to print the current date and time.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>

int main() {
 time_t rawtime;
struct tm *timeinfo;

time(&rawtime);
timeinfo = localtime(&rawtime);

printf("Current date and time: %s", asctime(timeinfo));

return 0;
}

38)Write a program in C to reverse a string using recursion.

#include <stdio.h>
void reverseString(char *str, int start, int end) {
if (start >= end) {
return;
}

// Swap the characters at the start and end positions

char temp = str[start];
str[start] = str[end];
str[end] = temp;

// Recursively call the function with updated start and end positions
reverseString(str, start + 1, end - 1);
}

int main() {
char str[100];

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", str);

int length = 0;
while (str[length] != '\0') {
length++;
}
reverseString(str, 0, length - 1);
printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str);
return 0;
}

39)Write a program in C to add numbers using call by reference.

#include <stdio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void addNumbers(int num1,int num2,int *result){
*result = num1+num2}
int main( ) {
int num1, num2, sum;

printf("Enter the first number: ");

scanf("%d", &num1);

printf("Enter the second number: ");

scanf("%d", &num2);

// Call the addNumbers function with call by reference

addNumbers(num1, num2, &sum);

printf("The sum of %d and %d is: %d\n", num1, num2, sum);

return 0;
}

40)Write a program to print ASCII Value of a Character.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char character;
printf("Enter a character: ");
scanf("%c", &character);
int asciiValue = character; // Implicitly converts the character to its ASCII value
printf("The ASCII value of %c is %d\n", character, asciiValue);
return 0;
}

41)Write a program to check leap year.

#include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int year;

// Input the year from the user

printf("Enter a year: ");
scanf("%d", &year);

// Check if it's a leap year

if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0)) {
printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);
} else {
printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);
 }
return 0;
}

42)Write a program to concatenate strings using pointers.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main( ) {
char *str1, *str2, *result;
int len1, len2;

// Input the first string

printf("Enter the first string: ");
scanf("%m[^\n]s", &str1); // %m is used for dynamic memory allocation

// Input the second string

getchar(); // Consume the newline character
printf("Enter the second string: ");
scanf("%m[^\n]s", &str2);

// Calculate the lengths of the two strings

len1 = strlen(str1);
len2 = strlen(str2);

// Allocate memory for the result string

result = (char *)malloc(len1 + len2 + 1); // +1 for the null-terminator

if (result == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed.\n");
return 1;
}

// Copy the first string to the result

strcpy(result, str1);

// Concatenate the second string to the result

strcat(result, str2);

// Print the concatenated string

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", result);

// Free the allocated memory

free(str1);
free(str2);
 free(result);

return 0;
}

43)Write a program to check square matrix using for loop.

#include <stdio.h>
int main( ) {
int n; // The order of the matrix (number of rows and columns)
printf("Enter the order of the matrix: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
int matrix[n][n]; // Declare a square matrix of size n x n

// Input the elements of the matrix

printf("Enter the elements of the matrix:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
} }

// Check if the matrix is square

if (n <= 0) {
printf("The order of the matrix should be a positive integer.\n");
} else if (n == 1) {
printf("The matrix is square (1x1 matrix).\n");
} else {
int isSquare = 1; // Assume the matrix is square by default
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (n != n) {
isSquare = 0;
break;
}
}

if (isSquare) {
printf("The matrix is square (%dx%d matrix).\n", n, n);
} else {
printf("The matrix is not square.\n");
}
}
return 0;
}

44) Write a program to find strong number using functions.

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to calculate the factorial of a number
int factorial(int num) {
if (num == 0 || num == 1) {
return 1;
} else {
return num * factorial(num - 1);
}
}
// Function to check if a number is a strong number
int isStrongNumber(int num) {
int originalNum = num;
int sum = 0;
while (num > 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
sum += factorial(digit);
num /= 10;
}
return (sum == originalNum);
}
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (isStrongNumber(n)) {
printf("%d is a strong number.\n", n);
} else {
printf("%d is not a strong number.\n", n);
}
return 0;
}

45) Write a program to create a calculator using functions.

#include <stdio.h>
// Function to add two numbers
double add(double a, double b) {
return a + b;
}
// Function to subtract two numbers
double subtract(double a, double b) {
return a - b;
}
// Function to multiply two numbers
double multiply(double a, double b) {
return a * b;
}
// Function to divide two numbers
double divide(double a, double b) {
if (b != 0) {
return a / b;
} else {
printf("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.\n");
return 0;
}
}
int main() {
double num1, num2;
char operator;
printf("Enter two numbers: ");
scanf("%lf %lf", &num1, &num2);
printf("Enter an operator (+, -, *, /): ");
scanf(" %c", &operator);
double result;
switch (operator) {
case '+':
result = add(num1, num2);
break;
case '-':
result = subtract(num1, num2);
break;
case '*':
result = multiply(num1, num2);
break;
case '/':
result = divide(num1, num2);
break;
default:
printf("Error: Invalid operator\n");
return 1;
}
printf("Result: %lf\n", result);
return 0;
}

46) Write a program to find natural numbers.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int limit;
printf("Enter the limit: ");
scanf("%d", &limit);

if (limit < 1) {
printf("Please enter a positive limit.\n");
 return 1; // Exit with an error code.
}
printf("Natural numbers up to %d are:\n", limit);
for (int i = 1; i <= limit; i++) {
printf("%d ", i);
}
printf("\n");
return 0; // Exit successfully.
}

47) Write a program to print array in reverse.

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int array[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int size = sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]);
printf("Original Array: ");
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
printf("%d ", array[i]);
}
printf("\n");
printf("Array in Reverse Order: ");
for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
printf("%d ", array[i]);
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}

48) Write a program to convert lowercase string to uppercase string.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
int main( ) {
char inputString[100];
char outputString[100];
printf("Enter a lowercase string: ");
fgets(inputString, sizeof(inputString), stdin);
int i = 0;
while (inputString[i] != '\0') {
if (islower(inputString[i])) {
outputString[i] = toupper(inputString[i]);
} else {
outputString[i] = inputString[i];
}
i++;
}
outputString[i] = '\0';
printf("Uppercase string: %s", outputString);
 return 0;
}

49) Write a C program to find the sum of the series 12 + 22+ 32 + …….n2.
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n, sum = 0;
// Prompt the user to enter the value of n
printf("Enter the value of n: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
// Calculate the sum of the series
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
sum += i * i;
}
// Display the sum
printf("The sum of the series is: %d\n", sum);
return 0;
}

50)Write a C program to accept and display the details of an employee using

structures.
#include <stdio.h>
// Define a structure for an employee
struct Employee {
char name[50];
int employeeID;
float salary;
};
int main() {
// Declare a variable of type 'struct Employee'
struct Employee emp;
// Input employee details
printf("Enter Employee Details:\n");
printf("Name: ");
scanf("%s", emp.name); // Note: Using %s for strings without spaces
printf("Employee ID: ");
scanf("%d", &emp.employeeID);
printf("Salary: ");
scanf("%f", &emp.salary);
// Display employee details
printf("\nEmployee Details:\n");
printf("Name: %s\n", emp.name);
printf("Employee ID: %d\n", emp.employeeID);
printf("Salary: $%.2f\n", emp.salary);
return 0;}