1.

INTRODUCTION

Highway engineering is an engineering discipline branching from Civil Engineering that

involves the planning, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of roads, bridges,
and tunnels to ensure safe and effective transportation of people and goods.

Highway planning involves the estimation of current and future traffic volumes on a road
network. The Highway planning is also a basic need for the Highway development. Highway
engineers strive to predict and analyze all possible civil impacts of highway systems. Some
considerations are the adverse effects on the environment, such as noise pollution, air
pollution, water pollution, and other ecological impacts

Road, traveled way on which people, animals, or wheeled vehicles move. In modern usage
the term road describes a rural, lesser traveled way, while the word street denotes an urban
roadway. Highway refers to a major rural traveled way; more recently it has been used for a
road, in either a rural or urban area, where points of entrance and exit for traffic are limited
and controlled.
The Necessity of Highway Planning

The necessity of Highway Planning are as follows

1. Highway planning is very important for planning an efficient network ofthe

roads and for Safe traffic operations

2. To plan for the future requirements and the Developments of the roads inthe country
3. To plan for Construction and maintenance of various types of the roadnetwork
4. To work out the financing system

Formation of Road Development Plan

After the End of the First World war,

the demand for a better road network,especially considering the formation width of road, is
increased. The existingroads in India are not capable of heavy traffic and transportation.

It is a need that there should be a good road Development Plan whichwill helpin the overall
development of India.

The Indian legislature passed the legislature for the appointment of thecommittee in order
to examine and make a detailed report on the developmentof roads in India
 2.Classification of Roads by Nagpur Road Plan

The first 20 year road plan is also popularly known as Nagpur Road plan, whichmany refer to
when discussing what the nagpur plan is associated with. Fordevelopment and construction
of roads to the government took a conference ofchief engineers at Nagpur in 1943. The
conference, held in nagpur plan 1943, ispopularly known as the Nagpur road plan.

Nagpur road plan is the first attempt for the road development programme.The construction
and the development of the roads were assigned to the centralgovernment of India.

The target road length in the Nagpur road plan is 16 km per 100 square km areaof the
country. The Nagpur road Development Plan was planned for a timeperiod of 1943-1963,
but it was achieved two years before.
The target road length in the Nagpur road plan is 5,32,700 km.The pattern whichis used in
the roads for nagpur road plan is based on.The Development allowance for Nagpur road plan
is 15%.The salient features of nagpur road plan include its classification ofroads as follows
1.National highway(NH)
2.State highway(SH)
3.Major District Roads(MDR)
4.Other District Roads(ODR)
5. Village Roads(VR)

1. National Highways (NH)

National Highways are the main highways whichrun through the lengthand breadth of India
and join the main parts, capital of states, and largeindustrial and tourist
centres whichincludes various roads required for astrategic moment for the defence of India.
The Road width varies from 7 m to 15 m for the National highways inIndia.
All the National highways are assigned with the numbers for example
Amritsar-Ambala-Delhi Road-NH1
Agra-MumbaiRoad-NH3
2. State Highways (SH)

The Highways linking up with the National Highways of adjacent Statesdistrict headquarters
and important cities withthe states are known asstate highways.
The responsibility of construction and maintenance of the state highwaystaken by State
Government.
The geometry design specifications and design speed for NationalHighways and State
Highways are the same.
The length of state highway roads varies from 7 m to 10 m

3. Major District Roads (MDR)

The major district roads are one of the important roads whichare locatedwithin the district.
It serves an area of production and Markets and connecting these placeswith each other or
with the main highway.
The responsibility forconstruction and maintenance of major districtroads are associated
with district authorities.
The state government gives grants for the development of major districtroads.
4. Other District Roads (ODR)

The roads serving ruler areas of production and providing them withmarket centres,
headquarters, and block development headquarters,railway station, etc are known as
Other district road

5. Village Roads (VR)

The roads connecting villages or groups of villages with each other orwith the nearest role
of the higher category are known as village roads. Village roads place a very
important role in the development of ruralareas.
 3.Bombay Road Plan

Bombay city is the capital of Maharashtra state. It is one ofthe metropolitan and second
most populated cities in the world.So that is very essential that there should be proper road
Developmentplan should be planned and implemented.
The 2nd 20 year road plan, also known as the Bombay Road plan, wasinitiated by IRC (Indian
Road Congress) in the year of 1959.This second twenty-year road development plan
was finalised for theperiod of 1961-1981. It was popularly known as the
Bombay Road plan.The Development allowance forthe Bombay road plan is of 5%.The
targeted road length for the Bombay road plan is almost doubleas compared to the Nagpur
road plan. The total length of the Bombayroad plan is 10,57,330 km or 32 km per 100 square
km.
The Construction of theExpress way of about 1600 km is alsoincluded inthe
Bombay road plan.
 4.Lucknow road plan

Classification of Road System by Third Road DevelopmentPlan (1981-2001)

According to the third road development plan, the roads in the countryare classified
into three classes, for the purpose of transport planning,functional identification and
assigning priorities on a road network

Primary System.
Secondary System.
Tertiary System.

1. Primary System :
Express Ways
National Highways (NH)

(a) Express Ways :

Express ways are a separate class of highways with superior facilitiesand design standard and
are meant as through routes having
veryhigh volume of traffic. These highways should permit only fast moving vehicles.

Express way may be owned by central government or a stategovernment depending on

whether the route is a national highway orstate highway.
(b) National Highways (NH)

National Highways are the main highways whichrun through the lengthand breadth of India
and join the main parts, capital of states, and largeindustrial and tourist
centres whichincludes various roads required for astrategic moment for the defence of India.

2. Secondary System :
The secondary system consists of two categories of roads

State Highways (SH)

Major District Roads (MDR)

3. Tertiary System :

The tertiary system are rural roads and these consists of two categoriesof roads :

Other District Roads (ODR)

Village Roads (VR)
Classification of Urban Roads

:The road system within urban areas are classified as urban roads. Theurban authorities
are responsible to take care of these roads.Generallythe urban roads other than the express
ways are classified as :
Arterial Roads.
Sub- Arterial Roads.
Collector Streets.
Local Streets.

1.Arterial Roads :
The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route, but withhigh level of traffic
mobility are known as arterial roads.

2.Sub- Arterial Roads :

The streets primarily for through traffic on a continuous route but have alower level of traffic
mobility than the arterials are known as sub-arterialroads.

3.Collector Street :
The streets which provides access to arterial streets and they collect anddistribute traffic
from and to local streets is known as collector streets.

4.Local Street :
The streets which provides access to abutting streets are known as localstreets.
 5. Conclusion

Through The Micro Project We Got To Know About Three RoadDevelopment Plan That Were
Carried Out In The India From The Period1943-2001 . It Was Successfully Done Under The
Indian Road Congress(IRC) Recommendation.
In This Road Development Plan System The First Plan Design AndWorked Was Nagpur Road
Plan With Duration 1943-1963 , But Due ToEarly Success
It Was Completed Two Year Earlier. The Density Of First
Road PlanWas 16km/100sq.Km Area , Classification According To This RoadPlan Was
National Highway, State Highway , Major District Road ,Other District And Village Road .
The Second Road Plan Was Bombay Road Plan With Duration 1961-1981 And Density
32km/100sq.Km Area And Classification Was TheSame As Of Nagpur Road Plan
The Third Road Plan Was The Lucknow Road Plan With Duration1981-2001 And
Density 82km/100sq.Km Area . The Plan Was PreparedFor The Development And Preserve
The Rural Areas . Population Over500 Should Be Connected Under This Road Plan . The
Classification OfThird Road Development Plan Is Primarily, Secondary And TertiaryRoads.
 7.REFERENCE

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%20and%20many%20more
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