Describe the concept of internet and web browser

a) Define internet

Is a global network of interconnected computer networks that communicate using standardized

protocols, allowing devices worldwide to share information, resources, and services. The
internet links billions of devices computers, smartphones, servers, and IoT (Internet of Things)
devices across countries, enabling users to access and exchange information in real time.

Key characteristics of the internet include:

1. Global Connectivity: The internet connects devices across the world, allowing for
seamless communication regardless of geographic location.
2. Data Transmission Protocols: The internet relies on protocols like TCP/IP (Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) to format, address, and route data to ensure it reaches
its intended destination.
3. Resource Sharing: Through the internet, users can access a vast range of resources,
including websites, email, cloud storage, and online applications.
4. Decentralization: Unlike a single centralized network, the internet is a decentralized
network of networks, making it resilient and robust.

How the Internet Works:

 Devices connect to the internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs).
 Data is routed across various networks through routers and switches to ensure it reaches
the correct destination.
 Each device connected to the internet has a unique IP address that identifies it, enabling
data to be sent and received correctly.

Importance of the Internet

The internet has transformed modern life by making instant communication, access to information,
online shopping, and global collaboration possible, driving innovation and connecting people
worldwide.

DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Exchange of data from one point to another whereas the point can be; Transmitter and receiver
Sender and Receiver/ Target. The Data/information is the Message

The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable
media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet.
DIAGRAM OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS.

COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS

The five components are:

1. Message
It is the information to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text,
pictures, audio, video etc. Text is converted to binary, number doesn’t get converted,
image is converted to pixels, etc.
2. Sender
It is the device which sends the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation,
telephone handset etc.
3. Receiver
It is the device which receives the data messages. It can be a computer, workstation,
telephone handset etc.
4. Transmission Medium
It is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some
examples include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, radio waves etc.
5. Protocol
It is a set of rules that governs the data communications. It represents an agreement
between the communicating devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected
but not communicating.

Process of Data Communications:

1. Encoding and Transmission: Data from the sender is encoded into a suitable format
(binary, electrical signals, or waves) and sent over a medium.
2. Transmission and Routing: The data travels through various network devices, like routers
and switches, to reach the receiver.
3. Decoding and Reception: The receiving device decodes the transmitted signals back into
a readable format.
Types of Data Communications:

1. Simplex Mode:
 In simplex mode, data flows in only one direction—from the sender to the receiver.
 There is no return communication; the receiver can only receive data, not send it
back.
 Example: A keyboard sends data to a computer, but the keyboard does not receive
data back from the computer or television broadcasts

2. Half-Duplex Mode:
 In half-duplex mode, data can flow in both directions, but not simultaneously.
 At any given time, only one side can send data while the other receives, and they
alternate roles as sender and receiver.
 Example: Walkie-talkies allow communication in both directions, but only one
person can speak at a time.
 3. Full-Duplex Mode:
 In full-duplex mode, data can flow in both directions simultaneously.
 This mode is faster and more efficient since both sender and receiver can
communicate at the same time.
 Example: A telephone conversation, where both people can speak and listen at the
same time.

These transmission modes are fundamental in communication systems, allowing different

applications to be tailored for optimal data flow based on the mode best suited to the task.

Simplex, Half-duplex, or Full-duplex

Modes of Data Transmission:

 Serial Transmission: Data is sent one bit at a time over a single channel (used for long-
distance communication).
 Parallel Transmission Multiple bits are sent simultaneously across multiple channels
(used for short-distance communication).

Importance of Data Communications:

Data communications is foundational to all forms of digital networking, enabling:

1. Efficient Communication: Allows devices to share information quickly and accurately.

2. Remote Access and Control: Supports internet services, remote work, and IoT
applications.
 3. Real-Time Applications: Facilitates services like video calls, live streaming, and online
gaming.
4. Data Sharing and Collaboration: Allows organizations to share resources, collaborate,
and maintain connectivity across locations.

In essence, data communications is crucial for enabling seamless, efficient, and reliable digital
communication, making possible everything from simple file sharing to complex, high-speed
global internet connections.

b) Web Browser
A web browser is a software program that allows a user to locate, access, and display web pages.
In common usage, a web browser is usually shortened to "browser." Browsers are used primarily
for displaying and accessing websites on the internet, as well as other content created using
languages such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Extensible Markup Language
(XML).
Browsers translate web pages and websites delivered using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
into human-readable content. They also have the ability to display other protocols and prefixes,
such as secure HTTP (HTTPS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), email handling (mailto:), and files
(file)
In addition, most browsers also support external plug-ins required to display active content, such
as in-page video, audio and game content.

Consider examples of browsers bellow

Google Chrome
Popular Browser by Internet giant Google. Focuses on enhanced performance of web
applications. Hundreds of useful extensions can be downloaded for free from Chrome Store
and can be used for personal use.

Mozilla Firefox

A web browser designed for simplicity, security, extensibility yet flexibility and power. Available
for Linux and android as well. There are lots of plugins and extensions with some powerful
developer tools.
Constant updates, high performance delivered and customizable interface is a bliss for advanced
users. Firefox allows an open architecture which accepts the installation of themes and extensions.
Themes give the browser a customizable new look. Developers can write extensions to make the
browser perform functions as desired like check your Gmail account when you open the browser,
or block all ads.

 RSS Headliness
 Chat Extensions
Spam/ Malware Filter

Opera Web Browser

Constantly evolving and improving and the most popular mobile browser, opera has come a long
way from being a browser to a full-fledged internet suite.
Free fast browser with good support for updates. Features like page zoom and developer shortcuts
allow users to have unique experience. There are some compatibility issues found in certain
websites but with constant updates these problems are scarce.
 Email suite
 Phishing Filter
 Bit Torrent

Safari Web Browser

Safari is a web browser developed by Apple inc. It is the most popular browser with MAC users.
Safari is a clean browser, very fast based on the WebKit rendering engine. Safari comes with the
features you want in a modern browser, like tabbed browsing, popup blocking and built-in search
functionality. It also has one of the best RSS-reading feature available online, it is easier to keep
track a number of websites than using bookmarks.
 Most Popular Macintosh Browser
 Import Bookmarks from any browser
 Private Browsing

Internet Explorer

Internet Explorer by Microsoft is the default browser for Windows operating system. Its still
very popular with many internet users. Startup speed is a big issue with internet explorer.
There are a lot of necessary features like Active X capabilities, SmartScreen Filters, a list of
recommended sites and more. Internet Explorer is still considered to be falling behind in the race,
but latest editions promise fast load, packed with latest features. We can wait and see if it comes
back to top.
 Add ons
 Customization options
 Mouse Gestures

Slimjet Browser

Slimjet is a powerful and one of the best browsers around. It has in built extensions to ease internet
browsing. Powered by Blink Engine, Slimjet supports all Chrome Apps plus a bundle of more
extensive build in apps.
Slimjet is as good as Chrome, has powerful and customizable interface like Firefox, reliability
features and in built apps which load a power packed browser everytime you use it.
 Ad blocker & Download Manager
 Social Sharing and Youtube Downloader
 Faster, Secure and Reliable

Maxthon

A fast browser with a lot of features and reliable user interface. Powered by Maxthon Cloud
Engine, it offers seamless browsing and downloads. Works on all platforms.
Maxthon has Lots of nifty features, including video-ad fast-forwarding, Speedy performance and
Two page rendering engines(Webkit and Trident) for better compatibility.
 Anti Spyware
 Pop up Blocker
 Cloud Browsing

SlimBrowser

A popular choice for users who like speed and security. It is based on Internet Explorer's Trident
Engine and is a robust and powerful browser. It flaunts better usability features and speed
compared to internet explorer browser. Slimbrowser takes care of your privacy and security every
time you are surfing online. Slimbrowser starts as quickly as possible and allows you to have an
amazing web surfing experience.
 Omni Bar mode
 Integrated Plugins(Ad Blocker, Photo Salon)
 Low Crash and Bugs

Netscape Browser

Originally published by AOL, Netscape browser has released latest version based on Mozilla
Firefox. It is fast, secure and is a choice of many users online.
 Dynamic HTML
 Integrated Search Engine
 Opensource Development
UC Browser

A popular browser for both desktop and mobile devices. Tabbed browsing and fast startup make
it a popular choice for thousands of users. Full download manager and full screen browsing ads
on nicely.s
 Quick browsing
 Quick Page sharing
 Multiple Apps

c) The difference between internet and web browsers

The Internet is a network of connected devices that covers the entire world. The Web is a
service that supports it, such as browsers, emails, FTP, etc. https://disenowebakus.net/en/the-
web

The Internet and Web Browsers are related but distinct concepts. Here's a breakdown of their
differences:

Internet

 Definition: A global network of interconnected computers and servers that communicate

using standardized protocols (e.g., TCP/IP).
 Purpose: Facilitates the exchange of data, enabling communication, file sharing, email,
online gaming, and access to various online services.
  Components: Includes various services like the World Wide Web (WWW), email, FTP,
VoIP, and more.
 Technology: Composed of physical infrastructure such as cables, routers, satellites, and
wireless systems.
 Scope: The Internet is the overarching infrastructure upon which many services, including
the World Wide Web, operate.

Web Browser

 Definition: A software application used to access and view content on the World Wide
Web (a subset of the Internet).
 Purpose: Allows users to retrieve, display, and interact with web pages and other web
resources.
 Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari.
 Functionality:
o Interprets and renders HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to display web pages.
o Handles URLs and connects to web servers using HTTP/HTTPS.
o Provides features like bookmarking, tabbed browsing, and privacy settings.
 Scope: A tool specifically for browsing the web, not the entirety of the Internet.

d) Use Internet for Communications

The concept of Internet comes after Network. A network is nothing but a combination of more
than one system. When two or more computers are connected with each other for sharing
information, data and resources, then we call the whole system a network.

Internet is an essential thing for us in current days. The Internet is nothing but a collection of
computer networks; those are interconnected with each other globally to share data, information
and resources. So we can say Internet is a big network that combines many networks within it.
Internet use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices example
computers, laptops, mobile devices and other devices worldwide.

Now days people in all over the world very much use the Internet for different works in day
today life.
Some of the best uses of Internet are:

1. Information and Learning: Access to a world of knowledge at your fingertips. From

online courses to research articles, you can learn just about anything.
2. Communication: Staying connected with friends and family, no matter the distance.
Social media, emails, and messaging apps make it easy to keep in touch.
3. Entertainment: Streaming movies, music, and games. The Internet is a treasure trove of
entertainment options to suit every taste.
4. Work and Productivity: Remote work, collaboration tools, and online productivity apps
have revolutionized the way we work, making it more flexible and efficient.
5. E-commerce: Online shopping has made it convenient to buy and sell goods and services
from anywhere in the world.
6. News and Updates: Instant access to news and real-time updates on global events. Stay
informed about what's happening around the world.
7. Social Activism: The Internet has become a powerful platform for raising awareness and
mobilizing people for social and political causes.
8. Creativity and Expression: Platforms for artists, writers, musicians, and creators to
showcase their work and connect with audiences.
9. Health and Wellness: Access to health information, telemedicine, and fitness resources.
You can take charge of your well-being with online tools and communities.
10. Personal Development: Online forums, self-help resources, and communities provide
opportunities for personal growth and self-improvement.
 HOW TO SEND EMAIL

Consider 7 steps bellow on how to perform communication via internet

After logging in, you will see a similar interface of the example of your email account. Click
compose to start creating an email.
On this page, you will enter your message and to whom you will send the message. First enter the
recipient email address. This email address is obtained from the recipient similar to how you need
someone's physical address to send mail.
Enter the title or subject of the email below.

Enter the body of the message in the box below the subject line.

After typing up your message, confirm your recipient's email address. Just as having the wrong
physical address of someone's home can result to the message being sent somewhere else, the
incorrect email address can send it to someone else. After you checked all the information is
correct, click send on the bottom and you have sent your email.
You can confirm if your email was sent by clicking the sent tab on the left. It will display all the
email you have sent. If the email recently sent has not shown up or if you wish to send additional
emails, please refer again to steps 2 through 5. Now you have successfully sent an email and
confirmed its delivery.

Use computer networking in data/device sharing

1. File Sharing:
 Local Area Network (LAN): Within an office or home, computers can be
connected through a LAN. This enables easy sharing of files and resources among
connected devices.
2. Printer Sharing:
 Multiple computers on a network can share a single printer. This reduces costs and
promotes efficient use of resources.
3. Data Backup and Storage:
 Network-Attached Storage (NAS) devices allow multiple users to store and access
data on a centralized storage system. This ensures data consistency and facilitates
easy backups.
4. Collaborative Work:
 In a professional setting, computer networks enable collaborative work on shared
documents, projects, and databases. Team members can access and edit the same
files in real-time.
5. Remote Access:
 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) extend a private network across a public network,
allowing users to access resources and data remotely. This is especially useful for
employees working from different locations.
6. Cloud Computing:
 Cloud services rely on computer networks to provide scalable and accessible
resources. Users can store, retrieve, and process data over the Internet, fostering
collaboration and flexibility.
7. Device Sharing:
 In a networked environment, devices like scanners, cameras, and external drives
can be shared among multiple users, enhancing resource utilization.
8. Real-Time Communication:
 Computer networks enable real-time communication through instant messaging,
video conferencing, and collaboration tools. This is vital for businesses with
distributed teams.
9. Remote Control and Support:
 IT professionals can remotely access and troubleshoot computers on a network.
This is especially valuable for technical support and maintenance tasks.
10. Internet Sharing:
 In a home or office, a single Internet connection can be shared among multiple
devices through a network, allowing all connected devices to access the web
simultane
Basic Features of Web browsers

Features Explanation
Navigation buttons Refresh button is used to go back and forward
while browsing. If you are in a home page of
some site, then you go to contact page – Back
button would bring you back to the home page,
if then you would click forward button it would
bring you again to the contact page. A small
arrow next to navigation buttons brings up a
quick list of all back/forward web pages
available
Refresh button Refresh buttons is used to force web browser to
reload webpage. Most major web browsers use
caching mechanism (store local copies of visited
pages to speed up performance) that sometimes
prevents seeing the most updated information;
by clicking refresh, latest version of the page is
forcefully reloaded.
Stop button Cancels web browser's communication with a
server and stops page loading. Very useful to
stop malicious sites from loading if accidentally
entered.
Home button Loads predefined home page. You can select any
page as browser's home by clicking on tools
menu and selecting options.
Web browser's address bar Address bar is used to enter website and page
names. Address bar works as a dropdown menu
showing all previously visited sites. At the end
of address bar you will find go button, that is not
very useful as by simply clicking enter (after
typing or selecting a domain name) you will be
directed to the site
Integrated search Integrated search engine tool is relatively new
feature in web browsers. It allows selecting your
favorite search engine and doing a quick search
by typing in a search term.
Tabbed browsing Browser tabs allow opening many websites on a
single web browser's window - very helpful
when reading several websites at the same time.
I.e. if you want to open several links from a
website without losing it, you can right click on
each link you want to see, and select open in a
new tab option
= Custom user defined buttons that redirect to
chosen websites - Very useful to configure web
mail and other often visited sites. Check Mozilla
Firefox browser for live bookmarking