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Light Class 7 TH

The document provides an overview of light, its properties, and its behavior, including types of objects that emit or reflect light. It discusses reflection, types of mirrors, and the characteristics of images formed by mirrors and lenses, as well as applications of concave and convex mirrors. Additionally, it explains the formation of rainbows through the refraction and reflection of sunlight in water droplets.

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15 views7 pages

Light Class 7 TH

The document provides an overview of light, its properties, and its behavior, including types of objects that emit or reflect light. It discusses reflection, types of mirrors, and the characteristics of images formed by mirrors and lenses, as well as applications of concave and convex mirrors. Additionally, it explains the formation of rainbows through the refraction and reflection of sunlight in water droplets.

Uploaded by

parakramprasatti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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​LIGHT

Introduction to Light
- Light is a form of energy that enables us to see the world around
us.
- It travels in a straight line and can be reflected, refracted, or
absorbed by different materials.

Types of Objects

1. Luminous Objects: Objects that produce their own light.


- Examples: The Sun, stars, light bulbs, candles.
2. Non-Luminous Objects: Objects that do not produce their own
light but can be seen by reflected light.
- Examples: The Moon, planets, books, and furniture.

Reflection of Light

The bouncing back of light rays when they hit a smooth surface,
such as a mirror, is called reflection
- Incident Ray: The ray of light that strikes the surface.
- Reflected Ray: The ray of light that bounces back from the
surface.
- Normal: The imaginary line perpendicular to the surface at the
point of incidence.
- Angle of Incidence: The angle between the incident ray and the
normal.
- Angle of Reflection: The angle between the reflected ray and the
normal.

Laws of Reflection:
1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the
same plane.
• A mirror is generally any shiny surface that can reflect back light.
• A mirror that has a plane surface is called a Plane Mirror.
• A mirror that is curved, it either bulges in or out, is called a
Curved Mirror.

Types of Reflection

• 1. Regular Reflection- Reflection from a smooth and shiny surface


like a mirror, where parallel incident rays reflect in parallel.
• A clear and sharp image is formed.
• Also called specular reflection

• 2. Diffused Reflection:
- Reflection from a rough surface, where parallel incident rays
reflect in different directions.
- No clear image is formed, but the object is visible.
• Also called irregular reflection

Image

• The image of an object can be defined as the impression of the


object created by the light on the mirror.
• An image that appears right-side up, or the same as the object is
known as erect image
• An image which is upside down is known as inverted image.
Mirror: A surface with one polished surface and another reflecting
surface.
Plane mirror: A mirror with plane reflecting surface.

Plane Mirrors and Image Formation


Image Characteristics:
- Virtual: The image cannot be obtained on a screen.
- Erect: The image is upright.
- Same Size: The image is of the same size as the object.
- Laterally Inverted: The left and right sides of the image are
reversed.
- Same Distance: The image is as far behind the mirror as the
object is in front.
Lateral Inversion: The phenomenon where the left side of an object
appears as the right side in the mirror image and vice versa.

Spherical Mirrors

This mirror has a sphere like shape.


Two types of spherical mirrors are:
Concave Mirror – It is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is
curved inwards.
Convex Mirror – It is a spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is
curved outwards.
• Real image: An image which can be obtained on screen.
• Virtual image: An image which cannot be obtained on screen.
• Centre of curvature: The centre of sphere (of which the mirror is a
part) is called centre of curvature of the spherical mirror.
• Pole: the central point of the given spherical mirror.
• Focus: The rays of light meet at a point (in concave mirror) or
appear to diverge from a point (in case of convex mirror). This
point is called the focus of the spherical mirror.
• Radius of curvature: The radius of sphere (of which the mirror is
a part) is called the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror.

Concave mirror has the following properties:

• It can either be real or virtual.


• It can either be inverted or erect.
• It can have the same size as that of the object, a larger size that of
the object or smaller size than that of the object.

Convex mirror has the following properties:

• It is always virtual.
• It is always upright (erect).
• It is smaller in size as that of the object

Applications of Concave Mirrors:

• Satellite dishes use a concave mirror to gather all the signals and
reflect them on a certain point.
• Dentists use a concave mirror to reflect light on a particular tooth.
• Shaving Mirrors are concave in shape.
• Headlights of a car have a concave mirror so that we can reflect
back light straight on the path.
• Torches also use concave Mirrors.

Applications of Convex Mirrors

• The rear view mirrors are convex mirrors as they provide a wider
view of the road behind.
• Security mirrors near an ATM are convex so that the user can
detect easily if anyone else is watching from behind or not.
• Telescopes, Magnifying glass

Lenses

A lens is a part of a reflecting material like glass or plastic but


curved from both sides.
Convex Lens – A Convex Lens is curved outwards. It is thicker in
the centre and narrows down at the edges. It merges the light rays
passing through it at a certain point. It is also called a Converging
Lens.
Concave Lens – A Concave Lens is curved inwards. It has wider
edges and a thinner centre. It reflects back the light that travels
through it in different directions. It is also called a Diverging Lens.

Images formed by Convex and Concave Lenses

A Convex lens forms an image that is:


• Real
• Inverted
• The image is large and appears close to the lens
A Concave lens forms an image that is:
• Virtual
• Erect
• Small and appears far away

Image formation in Concave Mirror

1. Object at Infinity
The image formed at – Focus
The nature of the image formed – Real and inverted
The size of the image formed – Diminished (smaller)
2. Object beyond Curvature/2F
The image formed at – Between 2F and F
The nature of the image formed – Real and inverted
The size of the image formed – Diminished (smaller)
3. Object at Curvature /2F
The image formed at – C or 2F
The nature of the image formed – Real and inverted
The size of the image formed – Equal to the object size.
4. Object between curvature(2F) & focus(F)
The image formed – Beyond curvature
The nature of the image formed – Real and inverted
The size of the image formed – Enlarged
5. Object kept at Focus
The image formed at – Infinity
The nature of the image formed – Real and inverted
The size of the image formed – Enlarged
6. Object between the pole and focus
The image formed – Behind the mirror
The nature of the image formed – Virtual and Erect.
The size of the image formed – Enlarged

Image formation in Convex Mirror

1. Object is placed at infinity


• Image formed behind the mirror, At F
• Virtual, Erect
• Highly diminished
2. Object is between infinity and Pole
• Image formed behind the mirror, between P&F
• Virtual, Erect
• Diminished

Formation of Rainbow

A rainbow is a natural phenomenon in which the light rays of the


sun are reflected and refracted by the water droplets present in the
atmosphere
The white light of the sun contains seven coloured lights in it that
separate out due to refraction (called a Spectrum of Lights). This
spectrum of white light can be seen in the following:
• Rainbows
• Soap bubbles
• Surface of a CD
• Prisms

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