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Lesson 4 (Fuzzy Hedges)

The document discusses fuzzy hedges, which are linguistic modifiers used to alter fuzzy predicates, truth values, and probabilities. It explains the concepts of strong and weak modifiers, their properties, and how they can be represented mathematically. Additionally, it distinguishes between antonyms and negations in fuzzy logic, providing examples to illustrate these concepts.

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15 views12 pages

Lesson 4 (Fuzzy Hedges)

The document discusses fuzzy hedges, which are linguistic modifiers used to alter fuzzy predicates, truth values, and probabilities. It explains the concepts of strong and weak modifiers, their properties, and how they can be represented mathematically. Additionally, it distinguishes between antonyms and negations in fuzzy logic, providing examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

devisree7777
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Models for Inexact Reasoning

Fuzzy Logic – Lesson 4


Fuzzy Hedges

Master in Computational Logic


Department of Artificial Intelligence
Fuzzy Hedges
• Hedges are special terms aimed to modify other
linguistic terms
• Can be used to modify elements such as:
– Fuzzy predicates
– Fuzzy truth values
– Fuzzy probabilities
• Examples:
– “Very”, “more or less”, “fairly”, “extremely”, etc.
Fuzzy Hedges – Examples
• Modification of a fuzzy predicate
– “x is very young”
• Modification of a fuzzy truth value
– “x is young is very true”
• Modification of a fuzzy probability
– “x is young is very likely”
• Modification of both a predicate and a truth
value
– “x is very young is very true”
Linguistic Modifiers
• Not applicable to crisp predicates, truth values
and probabilities
• Given a fuzzy proposition p, and a hedge H:
Hp: x is HF
• Hedges are represented by unary operations
on [0, 1]
• These operations are called “modifiers”
• Example: h(a) = a2 is a modifier representing
the hedge “very”
Linguistic Modifiers
• Given a fuzzy predicate p: “x is F” and a hedge
H represented by modifier h we have:
µ HF ( x) = h( µ F ( x))

• Any modifier h is an increasing bijection


– Strong modifiers: h(a) < a, ∀a ∈ [ 0,1]
– Weak modifiers: h(a) > a, ∀a ∈ [ 0,1]
– Identity modifier: h(a) = a, ∀a ∈ [ 0,1]
Strong and Weak Modifiers
• Strong modifiers “strengthen” the predicate
– Reduce the truth value of the associated
proposition
• Weak modifiers “weaken” the predicate
– Increase the truth value of the associated
proposition
• The identity modifier has no effect
– The truth value of the associated proposition
remains unchanged
Example
• Predicates:
– p1: “John is young”
– p2: “John is very young”
– p3: “John is fairly young”
• Hedges:
– H1: very, h1(∙) = a2
– H2: fairly, h2(∙) = √a
• Age(John) = 26
• T(p1)? T(p2)? T(p3)?
Properties of modifiers
• h(0) = 0
• h(1) = 1
• h is continuous
• If h is strong, then h-1 is weak (and vice versa)
• If h1, h2 are modifiers, then (h1° h2) and (h2°
h1) are modifiers
• If both h1 and h2 are strong (weak) modifiers
then so are the compositions
A Family of Modifiers
• A class of functions that satisfies the previous
conditions:
hα ( a ) = aα , α ∈ R +

• If (α<1) then hα is a weak modifier


• If (α>1) then hα is a strong modifier
• h1 is the identity modifier
• We can choose a suitable value for α
depending on the context
The antonym
• All fuzzy predicates have an antonym:

• Example:
– p: “x is tall”
– ap: “x is short”
The antonym
• Do not confuse the antonym with the
negation!!
– The negation of “tall” is “not tall” instead of
“short”
• If E is a continuous interval [a, b], then the
antonym is calculated as follows:
µaF ( x) = µ F ( a + b − x ) , x ∈ [ a, b ]
Example
• John is 50 years old
• T(“John is not young”)?
• T(“John is old”)?
• T(“John is neither very young nor fairly old”)?

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