Medical Lab Test Report
Medical Lab Test Report
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential leucocyte counts are
additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of blood.
DHSS : Double Hydrodynamic Sequential System
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 3 mm/hr <=10 Capillary Photometry
Comment:
ESR provides an index of progress of the disease and is widely used as an indicator of inflammation, infection, trauma, or
malignant diseases. Changes are more significant than a single abnormal test
It is specifically indicated to monitor the course or response to the treatment of diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
tuberculosis bacterial endocarditis ,acute rheumatic fever ,Hodgkins disease,temporal arthritis , and systemic lupus
erythematosis; and to diagnose and monitor giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
An elevated ESR may also be associated with many other conditions, including autoimmune disease, anemia,
infection,malignancy,pregnancy, multiple myeloma, menstruation, and hypothyroidism.
Although a normal ESR cannot be taken to exclude the presence of organic disease, its rate is dependent on various
physiologic and pathologic factors.
The most important component influencing ESR is the composition of plasma. High level of C-Reactive Protein, fibrinogen,
haptoglobin, alpha-1antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin and immunoglobulins causes the elevation of Erythrocyte Sedimentation
Rate.
Drugs that may cause increase ESR levels include: dextran, methyldopa, oral contraceptives, penicillamine, procainamide,
theophylline, and Vitamin A. Drugs that may cause decrease levels include: aspirin, cortisone, and quinine
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
HAEMATOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
Test has been evaluated with both thick and thin smear examination.
A single negative smear does not rule out malaria and hence repeated smear examination can be required to rule out
false negativity.
Parasites are usually seen during febrile episode.
Peripheral smear examination is a screening test and other methods like malaria antigen test and PCR should be used for
confirmation especially in low parasitic index.
Parasitic index reflects severity of infestation (parasites per 100 RBC).
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
BIOCHEMISTRY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Aspartate Aminotransferase
Aspartate Transaminase (SGOT) 29 U/L 11-34 NADH w/o P-5’-P
Comment:
SGOT/AST :
Present in large concentrations in liver, skeletal muscle, brain, red cells, and heart.
Released into the bloodstream when tissue is damaged, especially in liver injury.
Test is not indicatted for diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
AST/ALT ratio>1 suggests cirrhosis in patients wiyh hepatitis C.
Comment:
SGPT/ALT :
Present in large concentrations in liver, kidney; in smaller amounts, in skeletal muscle and heart.
Released with tissue damage, particularly liver injury. ALT is the preferred enzyme for evaluation of liver injury.
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
SEROLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Interpretation:
•Titers ≥ 1:80 of O antigen and ≥ 1:160 of H antigen of S. Typhi, S. paratyphi A & B are significant. Rising titres in paired samples
are more significant.
•A positive Widal test indicates Enteric fever or typhoid fever caused by Salmonella spp. and should be confirmed by gold standard
test such as Blood culture.
•In the case of Low titres, it is suggested to perform repeat test after a week. A four fold rise in titre within a gap of 1 week
confirms the Widal test.
•Persistent low titres are not suggestive of Enteric Fever caused by Salmonella Typhi or Salmonella paratyphi A and B.
Limitation:
•False Positive: Anamnestic response is seen in person who had prior enteric infection or immunization with TAB vaccination, False
positive result is seen during unrelated fever like Malaria, M.tuberculosis, Dengue, Brucellosis, Rheumatic fever etc. In such cases,
there is a temporary increase in H antibody titer, whereas enteric fever patients show a sustained rise in both H and O antibodies
•In endemic areas, people may show moderately elevated levels of ‘O’ and ‘H’ agglutinins.
•False negative: seen in early course of disease (1st week) and in immunosuppression. Antibiotic treatment during the first week,
before antibodies develop, may suppress the immune response, leading to lower antibody levels.
Comments:
•The Widal test is a serological assay used to detect and quantify antibodies against Salmonella antigens (‘H’ and ‘O’) in the serum
and help to detect infections due to Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A and B.
•Typically, antibodies appear at the end of the first week of infection, peak after 1-2 weeks, and then decline.
•For accurate diagnosis, blood or stool cultures should be done in the first week, while the Widal test should be performed at the
end of the first or second week.
•Results should always correlated with clinical findings to arrive at final diagnosis.
•The Slide Widal test can occasionally produce a false positive result, Hence advised to verify by using the Tube Widal test.
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Comment:
•Note: Pre-test condition to be observed while submitting the sample-first void, mid stream urine, collected in a clean, dry, sterile
container is recommended for routine urine analysis, avoid contamination with any discharge from vaginal, urethra, perineum,
Avoid prolonged transit time & undue exposure to sunlight.
•During interpretation, points to be considered are Negative nitrite test does not exclude the urinary tract infections. Trace
proteinuria can be seen with many physiological conditions like prolonged recumbency, exercise, high protein diet. False positive
reactions for bile pigments, proteins, glucose and nitrites can be caused by peroxidase like activity by disinfectants, therapeutic
dyes, ascorbic acid and certain drugs.• Urine microscopy is done in centrifuged urine specimens
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PO No :PO1679905933-685
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
FEVER PACKAGE.
Test Name Result Unit Bio. Ref. Interval Method
Conditions of Laboratory Testing & Reporting:
Test results released pertain to the sample, as received. Laboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should
be clinically correlated by the interpreting clinician. Result delays may happen because of unforeseen or uncontrollable circumstances. Test report
may vary depending on the assay method used. Test results may show inter-laboratory variations. Test results are not valid for medico-legal
purposes. Please mail your queries related to test results to Customer Care mall ID [email protected]
Disclaimer: Results relate only to the sample received. Test results marked "BOLD" indicate abnormal results i.e. higher or lower than normal. All
lab test results are subject to clinical interpretation by a qualified medical professional. This report cannot be used for any medico-legal purposes.
Partial reproduction of the test results is not permitted. Also, TATA 1mg Labs is not responsible for any misinterpretation or misuse of the
information. The test reports alone may not be conclusive of the disease/condition, hence clinical correlation is necessary. Reports should be
vetted by a qualified doctor only.
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