National University of Modern

Language Rawalpindi

Department of AICT

BS(Cs) Section C

SUBMITTED TO: Miss Nadia Inayat

SUBMITTED BY: Raja Salman Ashfaq

REG# Numl-S25-42707
 QUESTION NO 1
Q1. What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Discuss its
applications in different fields.
ARITIFICAL INTELLIGENCE :
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that aims
to build machines capable of performing tasks that typically require
human intelligence. AI enables machines to simulate human
abilities, such as learning, problem-solving, decision-making and
comprehension.

AI is the backbone of innovation in modern computing, unlocking

value for individuals and businesses. For example, optical
character recognition (OCR) uses AI to extract text and data from
images and documents, turns unstructured content into business-
ready structured data, and unlocks valuable insights.

AI is a broad field that encompasses many different disciplines,

including computer science, data analytics and statistics, hardware
and software engineering, linguistics, neuroscience, and even
philosophy and psychology.

APPLICATION OF AI:
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are software programs that
use AI techniques to perform specific tasks. These tasks can
range from simple, repetitive tasks to complex, cognitive tasks that
require human-like intelligence.

1. Healthcare AI helps diagnose diseases using medical imaging.

Example: AI-powered tools like IBM Watson help doctors
detect cancer in scans.
2. Education AI-based tutors provide personalized learning.
Example: Duolingo uses AI to adapt lessons based on a
learner’s progress.
3. Business & Finance AI detects fraud in banking transactions.
Example: AI in PayPal analyzes transaction patterns to
prevent fraud.
4. Transportation AI enables self-driving cars.
Example: Tesla's Autopilot uses AI to assist in driving.
5. Daily Life Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa help users.
Example: Google Assistant sets alarms and answers
questions using AI.

QUESTION NO 2

Explain the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its

impact on daily life.

Internet of Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical
devices, vehicles, appliances, and other physical objects that are
embedded with sensors, software, and network connectivity,
allowing them to collect and share data.

The Internet of Things integrates everyday “things” with the

internet. . However, progress was initially slow because the chips
were big and bulky. Low power computer chips called RFID tags
were first used to track expensive equipment. As computing
devices shrank in size, these chips also became smaller, faster,
and smarter over time.

IMPACT OF IOT IN OUR DAILY LIFE :

1. IoT-powered smart home devices automate daily tasks,

improving security and energy efficiency.
Example: Smart doorbells (Ring, Nest Hello) allow
homeowners to see and talk to visitors remotely through their
phones, even when they are not at home.
2. IoT enables smart traffic systems, GPS navigation, and
autonomous vehicles to optimize transportation.
Example: Tesla’s Autopilot uses IoT sensors and AI to assist in
self-driving, reducing accidents and improving driving
efficiency.
3. IoT helps businesses automate processes, track inventory, and
increase production efficiency.
Example: Amazon warehouses use IoT-powered robots to
pick, pack, and move goods faster and more efficiently.
4. IoT-based systems help farmers monitor soil conditions,
automate irrigation, and predict weather changes.
Example: Netafim’s smart irrigation adjusts water supply based
 on soil moisture, reducing water waste and increasing crop
production.
5. IoT in education enhances learning through smart classrooms,
online teaching, and real-time attendance monitoring.
Example: Smart boards in classrooms allow teachers to
conduct interactive lessons and live-stream lectures for remote
students.

QUESTION NO 3

What is Blockchain technology? How does it contribute to security

and transparency?

BLOCKCHAIN TECHONOLOGY :

Blockchain is a shared immutable ledger that facilitates the

process of recording transactions and tracking assets across a
business network. Anything of value can be tracked and traded on
the Blockchain network. A Blockchain is a distributed database,
which is shared over a computer network. Blockchain stores
information electronically in a digital format to make transactions
secure.

Blockchain is a new technology, which is known as Distributed

Ledger Technology (DLT). With the help of Blockchain technology,
currency as well as anything can be converted into digital format
and stored. Actually it is an exchange process, which works on
data blocks. In this, one block is connected to another block.
These blocks cannot be hacked. Blockchain technology aims to
keep documents digitally secure. You can take Google Doc as an
example to understand Blockchain technology.

SECURITY &Transparency

1) Decentralization – Data is stored on multiple computers

(nodes), making hacking almost impossible.
2) Immutable Records – Once a transaction is recorded, it cannot
be changed or deleted, preventing fraud.
3) Encryption & Cryptography – Transactions are secured using
complex codes, ensuring data protection.
4) Public Ledger – Everyone in the network can see and verify
transactions, preventing hidden changes.
5) Auditability – Transactions are easily traceable, helping
businesses and governments ensure fairness and legality.
Example: Bitcoin transactions are secure and transparent
because they are verified by multiple users and cannot be altered.

QUESTION NO 4

Discuss the role of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality

(AR) in modern industries.

VIRTUUAL REALITY:

Virtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows users to immerse

themselves in an artificial, computer-generated environment and
interact with it in real-time.VR can provide an immersive and
interactive experience that enables users to visualize and
understand complex concepts, simulate human experiences, and
explore virtual worlds. Virtual reality is by no means limited to a
single space. In fact, it can be used to connect entire worlds, as it
is the case in the Metaverse.
AUGMENTENT REALITY :

Augmented reality (AR) refers to the technology that overlays

digital elements, such as images, videos, or 3D models, onto the
real-world environment, enhancing a user’s perception and
interaction with their surroundings. AR blends virtual and real-
world components, creating an immersive and interactive
experience. Augmented reality can take various forms, from simple
text and images to complex 3D models, videos, or interactive items

ROLES OF VR AND AR IN MODERN INDUSTRIES :

1) Healthcare & Surgery – VR helps in medical training and

therapy, while AR assists in real-time surgeries with imaging
overlays.
2) Education & Training – VR provides immersive learning
experiences, and AR enhances real-world learning with
interactive elements.
3) Manufacturing & Maintenance – VR is used for product design
and prototyping, while AR gives real-time repair and
maintenance guidance.
4) Retail & Customer Experience – VR enables virtual
showrooms, while AR allows customers to try on products like
clothes and glasses virtually.
5) Gaming & Entertainment – VR creates fully immersive gaming
worlds, while AR adds digital elements to real-world gaming
and live events.