Introduction to Engineering Mechanics

II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Contents
o Objective of Learning Mechanics II (Dynamics)
o What Is Engineering Mechanics ? My Advice
o Classification of Engineering Mechanics “Don’t Bound Your Mind on It”
“Rather Refer Outside”
o Classification of Mechanics II (Dynamics)
“Think Outside the Box”
o Key Concepts in Dynamics
o Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics)
o Types of Dynamics Problems
o Applications of Dynamics in Engineering
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Objective of Learning Mechanics II (Dynamics):

At the end of the course students should able to:
o Differentiate Statics and Dynamics
o Understand kinematics and Kinetics of Particles and Rigid Bodies.
o Apply Newton’s Laws to Dynamics Problems
o Master Work, Energy, and Power Principles
o Identify Impulse, Momentum, and Collisions.
o Develop Problem-Solving Skills for Real-World Engineering
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

What Is Engineering Mechanics ? :

Engineering Mechanics: is a branch of applied science that deals with the
behavior of physical bodies under the action of forces and moments.
It provides the fundamental principles used to analyze and design structures,
machines, and mechanical systems in various engineering disciplines.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Classification of Engineering Mechanics:

1. Statics – Deals with bodies at rest or in equilibrium (covered in Engineering
Mechanics I).
➢ Studies objects at rest or in constant motion (no acceleration).
➢ Focuses on forces, moments, and equilibrium conditions.
Applications:
➢ Analysis of bridges, buildings, and trusses.
➢ Design of support structures and load-bearing components.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Classification of Engineering Mechanics:

2. Dynamics – Studies bodies in motion and the forces causing that motion
(covered in Engineering Mechanics II).
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Classification of Mechanics II (Dynamics):

1. Kinematics: The study of motion (position, velocity, acceleration) without
considering forces.
2. Kinetics: The study of forces that cause or change motion.
➢ It Relates forces to motion (Newton's laws, energy, momentum methods)
Applications:
➢ Vehicle motion, robotics, machinery vibrations, projectile trajectories.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Concepts in Dynamics:

1. Newton's Laws of Motion:
First Law (Law of Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion
unless acted upon by an external force.
Second Law (F=ma): The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Concepts in Dynamics:

2. Force & Moments: :
➢ Understanding how forces cause translation and rotation.
➢ A push or pull that can cause an object to accelerate (measured in Newtons, N).
3.Stress & Strain:
Basic principles that extend into Solid Mechanics.
4.Energy Methods:
Work, kinetic energy, and potential energy in dynamic systems.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Concepts in Dynamics:

5. Mass vs. Weight:
Mass is a measure of an object's inertia (kg)
Weight is the force of gravity acting on mass (N)
6. Friction:
Resistance between surfaces, crucial in machine design.
7. Free-Body Diagrams: Visual representations of all forces acting on an object,
essential for solving dynamics problems.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

1. Particle Kinematics
Particle kinematics is a branch of dynamics that studies the motion of particles
(idealized point masses) without considering the forces causing the motion.
It focuses on:
Position, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration and Time
➢ Unlike kinetics (which involves forces and mass), kinematics only describes
how motion occurs, not why
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

1. Particle Kinematics
Motion Types in Particle Kinematics
➢ Rectilinear Motion (1D motion in a straight line): Motion along a straight
line (displacement, velocity, acceleration).
➢ Curvilinear Motion (2D or 3D motion along a curved path): Motion along a
curved path (projectile motion, normal & tangential components, polar
coordinates).
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

1. Particle Kinematics
Motion Types in Particle Kinematics
➢ Projectile Motion (Parabolic path under gravity)
➢ Circular Motion (Motion along a circular path)
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Particle kinetics is the branch of dynamics that studies the motion of particles
(point masses) under the influence of forces.
Unlike kinematics (which describes motion without considering forces), kinetics
answers why motion occurs by relating: Forces, Mass and Acceleration
➢ It applies Newton's Laws of Motion & energy principles to predict and
analyze motion.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
1. Newton’s Laws of Motion
First Law (Inertia):
➢ A particle remains at rest or moves with constant velocity unless acted upon
by a net force.
Example: A book slides on a table until friction stops it.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
1. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Second Law (F = ma):
The acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to the net force and
inversely proportional to its mass.
Example: Pushing a cart with greater force increases its acceleration.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
1. Newton’s Laws of Motion
Third Law (Action-Reaction):
For every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
Example: A rocket expels gas downward, creating upward thrust.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
2.Work and Energy Methods:
Work-Energy Principle: Work Done=Change in kinetic energy.
Conservative Forces: Potential energy (e.g., gravity, springs). And
Power:
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
3.Impulse and Momentum:
Linear and angular momentum, impulse-momentum theorem, conservation of
momentum.
4. Equations of Motion:
Rectilinear Motion, Curvilinear Motion:
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

2. Particle Kinetics
Key Concepts in Particle Kinetics
5. Force Analysis
External Forces: Gravity, friction, applied forces, tension, etc.
Free-Body Diagrams (FBD): A sketch isolating a particle and showing all acting
forces.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

3. Rigid Body Kinematics
Rigid Body Kinematics is the study of the motion of rigid bodies (objects that do
not deform under forces) without considering the forces causing the motion.
It focuses on:
➢ Translation (linear motion of the entire body)
➢ Rotation (angular motion about a fixed axis or point)
➢ Combined motion (general plane or 3D motion)
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

3. Rigid Body Kinematics
Relative Motion Analysis: Using rotating reference frames.
Unlike particle kinematics (which treats objects as point masses), rigid body
kinematics accounts for size, shape, and orientation.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

4. Rigid Body Kinetics
Rigid Body Kinetics is the branch of dynamics that studies the motion of rigid
bodies (non-deformable objects) under the influence of forces and moments.
Unlike kinematics (which describes motion), kinetics answers:
Why a rigid body moves (forces/torques)
How forces affect translation and rotation
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

4. Rigid Body Kinetics
Key Concepts in Rigid Body Kinetics
1. Newton-Euler Equations
Translation: (Net force = mass × acceleration of center of mass).
Rotation: (Net torque = moment of inertia × angular acceleration).
2. Moment of Inertia:
Measures resistance to rotational acceleration. Depends on mass distribution:
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

4. Rigid Body Kinetics
Key Concepts in Rigid Body Kinetics
3. Work and Energy:
Kinetic energy of rotating and translating bodies, power, and efficiency.
4. Impulse and Momentum:
Angular momentum, Linear Momentum, impact, and conservation principles.
5. Constraints and Free-Body Diagrams (FBDs)
Critical for solving problems (e.g., rolling without slipping, pinned joints)
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Key Topics in Engineering Mechanics II (Dynamics):

5. Vibrations (Introductory Concepts)
Free and Forced Vibrations: Simple harmonic motion, damped and undamped
systems.
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Types of Dynamics Problems

1. Rectilinear Motion: Motion along a straight line
2. Curvilinear Motion: Motion along a curved path
3. Rotational Dynamics: Dealing with torques and angular motion
4. Vibrations: Oscillatory motion systems
 Introduction to Engineering Mechanics
II (Dynamics) Prepared By: Yeshiwas G.

Applications of Dynamics in Engineering

o Mechanical Engineering: Machine design, vehicle dynamics, robotics.
o Electrical Engineering: Electromechanical Systems, Power Systems &
Stability, Control Systems
o Civil Engineering: Structural dynamics, earthquake analysis.
o Aerospace Engineering: Flight mechanics, spacecraft motion.
o Automotive Engineering: Crash dynamics, suspension systems.
o Biomechanics & Sport Science: Human motion analysis, prosthetics design.
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