I .

* -e' -
1) Let fx ze and an Se -en , for number
any natural n
= =

Then f(n) An for any natural number n. Now

=

lim an =
n -N
Simf( =mee) 3(1)-1 = =

2) From I . a
, lim an 2 t 0 By divergence teston
=
.

(3een) is a divergent seriesa

1
3) Let An =
, for integers 23 , and f(x) =
nin) In "(x)
(a) Integral tests have three conditions :
f be true since
is must
negative these

Y
·
non are

f is a product of non
negative
of must be continuous on [3 , d) continuous functions
of must be decreasi
[(n(x) + + x= (ncy) ⑰]
+

+( = -

(x (In (x))4/3)2
In (4)]
(In()"
+
= = 0
(x(In(x))4/3)2 (D)
>8
Since
(n6)" and In 64)5 are
nonnegative if 123 so

((n(x))" + ((n(y)-70,
and the denominator of (A) is positive.
Hence, Integral test can be applied.
(b)) (in()"3* =im J (inc(* im
In (A)
apply e-sub
linca
· -

4/3 +
lim
x du M
=

In(x) = du =
u= A +0
-
ulz In (3)
=in-3
=

ult In (A)
=

A>
-

as

-3
=

[ci)in)"]
-
=
(In(3)) Y3
Since
fo line( d converges, then by Integral test,

nothin converges.
h=
#i Root test will be

(/jn =
.

him
:
By root test , [ converges

2
. Limit comparison test will be used
.
Consider
which is
convergent.
n + 4 5/2
lim
r
n+P
ni in not ,
+
I = lim
n 3 + 7 n7*
n512 1 + 4/n
=
lime 1 + 7/n3
=
1
:
By (CT , 2n converges.

3
. Approach 1 Comparison test
: .
will be used

Observe that for any natural number n,

0c(cosn111 => 23123 + (csn/

20 = 0 < 5" -n- In
-

Thus
&
231 23n + (csn/
5n[ 5n-n
1 for any natural number .
n
 Observe that I is a
geometric series
with ratio 18/5171 Hence ,
.

2 , diverges.

By CT ,
(3ntlosn divergeon

Approach
2 : Limit Comparison test will be used.
ConsiderIn which is a divergent geometric series since its ratio
is greater than 1
.

23n + (csn/
lim 5n-n
I
lim 23 + kosa/
g
5n

i 5n 23n
n >*-
n =* -
n

= lim (23 5)n-Encon)

.

.
(5m
n= x (23 5)n 23nn
. -
I

(5 23n
.

obysquea
lim I-
= =
1 Self exercise
new
1 - In
S

for verification
.
appy L'Hopital

By LCT ,
Isnt con divergeon
# 1) At 10 , then
p(3)n( 1)n
*
which is an
alternating series test .
As I will be used
.

· does [ converges to 0 ! Yes

his =
(h) = 0

·
Is [In Cultimately) decreasing ? Consider fact 21.

(x 2) Ex 3
-

f( = =
-

2x30
-

for any 11
220
since 2x30. Thus In ,
is
decreasing
:
By AST,
" converges
·
Consider in which is a p-series with =
I
=>
diverges

:t is
conditionally convergenta
2) Root test will be used to determine the radius of convergence.
2x 3-
=
2(x 2) -

i) Center of IC : 3/2

ii)
lim((-) =
=lim 12-31 (n .

= (lim ehin]
31

-S
(1) E
121731
-

= =

(2x 3) , 1
(x2k2
-

=> =
3

: Radius of Convergence: 3/2 (a-R, atR)

iii) IC of conv .
So
far
: (0, 3) (3/2-3/2132 + 3 (2) (0,3) =

·
At x=0 , we have shown that p .
J Converges at .
sl= 0

AtE (x
·

=
2

=
3 n= 1

which is a harmonic series with p =

.
t Thus , the p S
.
.
diverges at c 3
= .

. Interval ofConv : [0, 3).

T
-i. Notice that
I

1 + x9
=
1 -
I
Ex9) = /, where %
Then
3x8 anto
=
25 Eyny , where bk
It 39
Now ,

1x9(1 = (19 < 1 = (xk1E-1x

=> I C
.
.
so
far : (1 , 1)
At x= 1 or -

him 3 GEDNT3 (1)2(1) * lim3 = = 3

and
him
n+
a3(1)( 1 )nt hi3ED2 = D .
N..
E

By Divergence test (1) In , 2()(1)* diverges

n=j

: Interval
of Conv : (1 , 1)
.
2 Observe that

,9
To
n (1 + (4) =
3) , 3) 92 Gnat = =

whenever et(-1). Thus

T

92 (n ,can 8c Eat
+
In (1 + (4) =
=
+C .

At x Of (1 , 1) have

=
= we
,

In (1 + 0 % In()) 0
= =

=> C =
0

: In (1 + (9) =
3 9nH

Note: no need to
identify the I C. .

of In (ISC) But .
if you want
to know , the I . C
.
is ( , 1].
V

Given the function fex =

"3 , the 329 degree Taylor polynomial of

f about 8 is
given by following formula
the :

P(x4 f(8) +
=
f(0)(x 8) + fx 82 +106-8)
- -
+
.

f'(p =
x (8)"
f'(8) = = -

f" (8) (8)" = + z

43
f" by = x = =

f(3)( - 15/3 f(b)(8) - (8)

3
2
-

= = -

=
27 4
! =
G
=> Ps(x) = 16 + z(x - 8) + ( -
8)-

o(x 8)
-

"
Now, to approximate (8 03)
.

,
we have

%( 03) +(0 03)2 a (0 093

%
(8 03)
. =
f(8 03) .
= P, (8 03) 16+
.
=
.
+ .
-
.

=
16 +
00 y ,000 + -

y
1
.

24
27
1000000

385922399
=

24 , 000, 00 0
#1) By definition of kth partial sum then ,

S5 In an and Sp In, An
=
,
=

(1)
=> Sj Sa
- =
zan 2n -

An =
A5 (2 5 + 1)(2 5
=
. . -

1)
=
9.

C .

Note : In general , for any positive integers K&M

,
Sm + k Sk 2 m
- = A

2) B.

Sincean converges and anyo , for any n

,
then him an
=>
lime
Hence by Divergence Test,

Zan always divergeo

Note:
Can may diverge since the series
may be conditionally
convergent but the question is which series ALWAYS converge.
3 Observe
.
that given a
power series f(x) =an a- the
f (c)
a =

k!
=> f(x)(c) =
k ! 9k
. 2n +3 = 2023
Give K 2023 , we find n s A
=
.

=>
(n + 1 = 2023 = n = 101
even

20231
2023 !
=> f(2023)(3) = =

3033 !

B .
I .

1) Since hima (2n-1) m (n + 1) , a

= +x = the

lim fan" (2n-) 1) Elim

n =
x
= =
limtan" (2n +
n-D
an =

Thus Many converges

,

2) Observe that,
S =
In an =
tan"(1) (3) + (3) - ta)
+ H- (7)
+... +
ta
2k-1) -

fant (2k+ 1)
fan" (1) tan (2k+1)
-

= -

= -
tan " (2k + 1) .

=> An
= (1) =
Thus In an
converges
#I -

1) ( +) +

Now ,

lim (1 + ) = T (Int
test ,
0 . By divergence diverse
2) Observe that , for any neI
,
qn
=
* *
O < Cosn =7 => 3 < 105n +y => OS
#n
+ 3m

Since In (4/g)" is a
convergent geometric series, then by comparison test
,

2 I conversa

=
By root test,

"converges .
4) Consider the series Inte ,
which is a
divergent p-series.

lime
n- ↓
n23

By limit comparison test,

diverse
III 1) At
.
x 3,
-

) (i) =
.
0
2
ii) Since En ,
is an
increasing sequence , then is a
divergent p-series (since p
=
(2)
E is a
decreasing sequence
Therefore ,
the series

By
is conditionally convergent
the alternating series test,
e

20 convers
a

4
lim n
By root test, the power series converges (absolutely

|()) =
(x
-

(2)/i
radius
of convergence : 51
interval of convergence so
far : (3 2). ,

At s 3, =o
At 37 2

51 In to t
which which
converge. diverge.
: I O C
. .
:
[ - 3, 2)
#
1) Observe that

= F= 20
whenever ( ** /( )
=
(xk2() (2+ (2, 2).

2) (n + 1 =
2025 = n= 1012

=> g(2025) (025 ! )

=
3) From the power series in 1) , we have

P(x) =
E-
=>
g(0 2) P(0 2)
. . =
-
40 1000 16
.

I I 99
0 0495
co
=
--

Too
=

20
.
.