NAME: Santos, Rhona Kie F.

COURSE:

THE CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS

DATE: ROOM:
AND LEARNING PRINCIPLES

PROFESSOR: MR. J.
CONTACT NO: 09453363126
MAGTIBAY

EMAIL ADD: [email protected] RATING:

LESSON TITLE: MODULE: #10- BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY

WEEK 10 , 3 HOURS

ANSWER SHEET

APPLICATION/ANALYSIS
1. Describe each of the system in Ecological Theory or Bio-ecological Systems Theory:
A. Microsystem

The microsystem is the immediate environment in which a child directly interacts and develops
relationships, including family, school, and peers, and it’s crucial for child development because
these close, ongoing interactions significantly shape a child’s cognitive, social, emotional, and
physical growth through bi-directional influences.

B. Mesosystem

The mesosystem in Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model represents the connections between

different microsystems in an individual’s life. It encompasses the interactions and influences
between various immediate environments, such as home, school, peer groups, and
neighborhood.

C. Exosystem

It incorporates other formal and informal social structures such as local governments, friends of
the family, and mass media. While not directly interacting with the child, the exosystem still
EMC-SLE: THE CHILD & ADOLESCENT
influences the microsystems.
LEARNERS & LEARNING PRINCIPLES
D. Macrosystem

Page 1 of 5

Enriching Minds of Champions

 TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

The macrosystem differs from the previous ecosystems as it does not refer to the specific
environments of one developing child but the already established society and culture in which
the child is developing.
Example: In a society that highly values individual achievement, children might be encouraged
to be more competitive and self-reliant.

E. Chronosystem

The chronosystem relates to shifts and transitions over the child’s lifetime. These environmental
changes can be predicted, like starting school, or unpredicted, like parental divorce or changing
schools when parents relocate for work, which may cause stress. Aging itself interacts with
shifting social expectations over the lifespan within the chronosystem. How children respond to
expected and unexpected life transitions depends on the support of their ecological systems.

REFLECTION
From Bronfenbrenner’s Theory, I realized that...
There are various stages in a person's life cycle. As an example, the microsystem primarily adopts
the culture of our immediate family members such as our parents, friends, neighbors, and coworkers,
while the mesosystem and exosystem adopt cultures outside of our usual circle, involving third-party
peers such as our parents' friends, local government, and so on. The macrosystem and
chronosystem in which nation culture, social norms, ecosystem, and so on are key influences on our
lives as Filipinos.

Describe what parents and teachers should do to help children develop into the persons that
they are meant to be from the point of view of:

A. Freud
Sigmund Freud- Freud’s theory on personality will help the child in many reasons. It will be
influenced by how the child make her/his decisions, and it offer some insights into the
development of a child. Parents and teachers can foster the growth of the child in a positive way,
and helps the children to become aware for what is right or wrong.

EMC-SLE: THE CHILD & ADOLESCENT LEARNERS & LEARNING

PRINCIPLES
B. Erikson
Erik Erikson- Erikson proposed a theory of psycho-social development stages. teachers and
parents play a powerful role in recognizing each stage. The parents will be able to help their child
to develop trust and a sense of confidence that the world is safe and dependable, and help their
child to become independent and to do things for themselves. The teacher will be able to help
the child to process discovering their own bodies and practicing their developing loco-motor
(physical environment) and language skills, to gain self-control without a loss of self-esteem and
fostering independence in children. Through this child have the capacity and ready to learn
constructive ways of dealing with people and thing, they are learning how to take initiative
without being hurtful to others.

C. Piaget

Enriching Minds of Champions

 TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Jean Piaget- This theory challenged the teachers to focus on the ways children come to know as
opposed to what they know, and focuses predictable cognitive(thinking) stages, and the teacher
will be able to develop the children on how to perceive, think, understand, and learn about their
world, and the teacher’s role is to facilitate learning by providing a variety of experiences.”
Discovery learning” provides opportunities for children to explore and experiment, thereby
encouraging new understanding. Opportunities that allow children of differing cognitive levels to
work together often encourage less mature children to advance to a more mature
understanding. Parents can help their children to realize that what they do can have an effect on
the world, challenged by the environment children are constantly attempting and mastering new
tasks. Aided by strong initiative, they are able to move ahead energetically and quickly forget
failures. This gives a sense of accomplishment in a child’s life, and they can develop a sense of
purpose. The parents can teach their children on the environment they are in and asking
questions instead of being told information.

D. Kohlberg
Kohl berg- the first level will help the children to have moral thinking, they will behave according
to socially acceptable norms because they are told to do so by some authority figure (e.g.,
parent & teacher), and this level characterized their behavior means acting in one’s own best
interests. the secondlevel is genetically found in society, hence the name conventional. the first
stage of this level characterized the child by an attitude which seeks to do what will gain the
approval of others. they could only come to a comprehension of a moral rationale one stage
above their own. Thus, according to Kohl Berg, it was important to present the child with moral
dilemmas for discussion which would help them to see the reasonableness of a higher stage
morality and encourage their development in that direction.

E. Vygotsky
Lev Vygotsky- In this theory the child learning always occurs in a social context in co-operation
with someone more skillful (MKO) this social interaction provides language opportunities and
language in the child’s foundation of thought, and the children learn from a guide who is more
educated that they are. Vygotsky said that children couldn’t complete on their own, they could
accomplish with help from their parents and teachers. The zone of proximal development is
referred to the child’s independent learning abilities and the learning that is guided. This can be
from the From Bronfenbrenner's theory, it hasprovided a framework for parents and teachers to
build effective relationships from and surround the child with a positive environment. Cher and
their peers, and the child needs an assistance of those within their environment. Parent’s,
teacher’s or other sensitive caregivers will know when children require assistance, guiding the
child to support them in their learning process can help them to achieve their goals in life.

F. Bronfenbrenner
From Bronfenbrenner's theory, it has provided a framework for parents and teachers to build
effective relationships from and surround the child with a positive environment.

3. Identify one concept from each theory and describe how this can be applied in teaching and
learning.

Concept Application

1. Freud’s Psychoanalytic I would use the concept of Superego, because it develops as children grow and
Theory learn societal rules and values, often through parental influence. The superego
strives for perfection, guiding us to behave in ways that align with moral and ethical
standards.

Enriching Minds of Champions

 TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

2. Piaget’s Stages of I would use the The Concrete Operational Stage of Cognitive Development, they
Cognitive start to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
Tend to be egocentric and struggle to see things from the perspective of others and
Dev’t getting better with language and thinking, but still tend to think in very concrete
terms

3. Erikson’s Psychosocial I would use the Initiative vs. guilt and Industry vs. inferiority because from this the
Theory child will learn to has initiative on some activities and will develop sense of self-
confidence in their abilities.

4. Kohlberg Stages of Moral I would use the Obedience/Punishment Orientation. Because we should discipline
our pupils to obey their teacher's instruction at all times because they need to learn
Development to follow and do what is right. They also need to experience being given
punishment or lessons for their wrongdoings.

5. Vygotsky’s I would use all its concept because we have different teaching styles for the child
depending on their abilities. It is important to guide them through the stage until
Socio-Cultural they learn to do it on their own.
Theory

6. Bronfenbrenner’s I would use the micosystem, because it is necessary to build the good
Ecological characteristics of a child that come from their immediate environment because they
can naturally apply it to other contexts or stages of the Ecological Theory or Bio-
Theory ecological Systems Theory.
.

4. Who said the following statement: (Freud, Bronfenbrenner, Piaget, Vygotsky,

Kohlberg,
Erikson)

Vygotsky 1. “The teacher must orient his work not on yesterday’s development in the
child but on tomorrow.”
Erikson 2. “Healthy children will not fear life if their elders have integrity enough not
to fear death.”
Kohlberg 3. “Right action tends to be defined in terms of general individuals right and
standards that have been critically examined and agreed upon by the whole society.”
Piaget 4. “The principal goal of education in the schools should be creating men
and women who are capable of doing new things, not simply repeating what other generation
have done.”
Freud 5. “The mind is like an iceberg; it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above
water.”
Bronfenbrenner 6. “We as nation need to be reeducated about the necessary and sufficient
conditions for making human beings human.

Enriching Minds of Champions

 TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Enriching Minds of Champions