Sentences According to Their Functions

Sentenses can be classified according to their function into four main divisions, which include:

1. Declarative Sentences

These sentences make a statement or provide information about a particular person,

place, or thing. They usually end with a period. Declarative sentences provide

information to convey facts.

Examples:

o The sun rises in the east.

o I am going to the market.

o The sky is blue.

o He plays soccer every weekend.

o The cat is sleeping on the couch.

2. Interrogative Sentences (Questions)

These sentences ask questions and are meant to elicit information. They end with a

question mark and are used to seek information or clarification.

Examples:

o What is the capital of France?

o Are you coming to the party tonight?

o Where did they put my keys?

o How do you solve this problem?

o Who is your favorite author?

3. Imperative Sentences (Command or Request)

These sentences give commands, make requests, or offer suggestions. They often end
 with an exclamation mark, especially when conveying urgency or showing emotion.

However, they may also end with a period, depending on the tone.

Examples:

o Please pass me the salt.

o Close the door.

o Take a seat and relax.

o Help me with this task.

o Don’t touch that.

4. Exclamatory Sentences (Exclamations)

These sentences express strong emotions or feelings and end with an exclamation mark.

They convey surprise, excitement, or other strong emotions.

Examples:

o What a beautiful day!

o I can’t believe we won!

o That was an incredible performance!

o How exciting this adventure is!

o Wow, that's amazing!

These categories can sometimes overlap, and sentences can serve multiple functions. However,

understanding the primary function of a sentence can help with effective communication and

clear expression of ideas.

Sentences can also be classified according to their structure or constituents. This classification is

based on how sentences are formed or constructed, focusing on the number of clauses and how

they are connected. There are four main types of sentences based on structure:

1. Simple Sentences

A simple sentence consists of only one independent clause, which contains a subject and

a predicate that expresses a complete thought.

Examples:

o She runs every morning.

o The dog barks loudly.

o He is studying.

o I had pizza for dinner.

o The children played outside.

2. Compound Sentences

Compound sentences consist of two or more independent clauses joined by a

coordinating conjunction (such as and, but, nor, for, or, yet) or a semicolon.

Examples:

o I wanted to go for a walk, but it started raining.

o She loves playing the guitar, and her brother enjoys singing.

o The sun is shining, yet the boy is still cold and sick.

o We went to the park, and they played soccer.

o I can’t find my key, so I’m going to be late.

Complex sentences consist of one independent clause and at least one dependent

(subordinate) clause. The dependent clause cannot stand alone and is connected to the

independent clause by subordinating conjunctions like because, although, since, if,

unless, etc.

Examples:

o Although it was raining, we went for a walk.

o She didn't go to the party because she was feeling sick.

o If you study hard, you will pass the examination.

o You stayed home since it was too cold.

o I went to the market, but I didn’t buy any food because it was raining.

In the example “I went to the market, but I didn’t buy any food because it was raining,”

o “I went to the market” is the independent clause.

o “Because it was raining” is the dependent clause.

4. Compound-Complex Sentences

These consist of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Compound-complex sentences are characterized by multiple subjects and a mix of

independent and dependent clauses.

Examples:

o Although it was raining, we decided to go to the park, and they played soccer.

o I missed the bus, so I walked to school, though it took longer than usual.

o Because she was tired, she went to bed early, but her alarm clock didn’t go off.

o Although we didn't study, he still passed the exam, and his friends were surprised.
 o If I had the money, I would buy a new car, but I would also consider buying a

house.

These categories help us understand the structural complexity of sentences and how they convey

meaning.

List of Tenses in Sentences

1. Present Tense

o Present Simple Tense

o Present Continuous Tense

o Present Perfect Tense

o Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2. Past Tense

o Past Simple Tense

o Past Continuous Tense

o Past Perfect Tense

o Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Future Tense

o Future Simple Tense

o Future Continuous Tense

o Future Perfect Tense

o Future Perfect Continuous Tense