Reading Comprehension

(1) Human rights are the bedrock of a just and civilized society, representing the fundamental principles that
safeguard the dignity, equality, and freedoms of all individuals. At their core, human rights are inherent and
inalienable, meaning they are not granted by governments or institutions but are intrinsic to every person by
virtue of their humanity. These rights encompass a broad spectrum, including civil and political rights that
protect liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to a fair trial and
protection from discrimination. Economic, social, and cultural rights are equally vital, guaranteeing access to
education, healthcare, adequate housing, and the right to work in just and favorable conditions. Together, these
rights create a framework for a society where individuals can flourish and contribute to the common good
without fear of oppression or injustice.
(2) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948,
stands as a monumental document that outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms to which every human being
is entitled. This declaration serves as a guiding light for nations and organizations worldwide, setting forth
principles that transcend borders and cultures. Over the years, the international community has developed a
robust system of human rights treaties, conventions, and mechanisms aimed at ensuring compliance with these
principles and holding violators accountable. Institutions like the United Nations Human Rights Council and
regional bodies play a crucial role in monitoring human rights situations, investigating abuses, and advocating for
justice and accountability.
(3) However, despite significant progress in the recognition and protection of human rights, challenges
persist. Violations continue to occur in various forms, including discrimination based on race, gender, religion,
sexual orientation, and political beliefs. Issues such as forced labor, human trafficking, child exploitation, and
restrictions on freedom of expression remain prevalent in many parts of the world. Addressing these challenges
requires not only legal frameworks and international cooperation but also a collective commitment to promoting
human dignity and equality at all levels of society. Education, awareness, and advocacy are key components in
fostering a culture of respect for human rights and combating prejudice and intolerance.
(4) Ultimately, the realization of human rights is a shared responsibility that extends beyond governments
and institutions to include individuals, communities, and civil society organizations. Empowering individuals to
know and assert their rights, supporting grassroots movements for social justice, and holding accountable those
who violate human rights are essential steps toward building a more just, inclusive, and humane world. By
upholding the principles of human rights in our daily lives and interactions, we contribute to the vision of a
society where every person can live with dignity, freedom, and equality.
A. Match the ideas with the paragraphs:
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its significance.
2. The role of international institutions in monitoring human rights violations mentioned.
3. The challenges and persisting issues in the protection of human rights.
4. The intrinsic nature of human rights and their relevance to a just society.
B. Are these statements true or false? Justify
1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in
1948.
2. Economic, social, and cultural rights are not considered fundamental human rights.
3. Human rights are granted by governments and institutions.
4. The international community has not developed any mechanisms to ensure compliance with human rights
principles.
5. Discrimination based on race, gender, and religion is no longer prevalent in today's world.
6. Education, awareness, and advocacy are not mentioned as key components in promoting human rights.
D. Answer the following questions from the text:
1. What are civil and political rights, and why are they important in a society?
2. Describe the role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in global human rights advocacy.
3. What challenges and violations are mentioned in the text regarding human rights?
4. How do international institutions contribute to the protection of human rights?
5. What actions are suggested in the text for addressing human rights violations?
6. Why is it stated that human rights are inherent and inalienable?
E. Find synonyms of the following words in the text:
1. Protect
2. Strong
3. Widespread
 Reading Comprehension
(1) Human rights are the bedrock of a just and civilized society, representing the fundamental principles that
safeguard the dignity, equality, and freedoms of all individuals. At their core, human rights are inherent and
inalienable, meaning they are not granted by governments or institutions but are intrinsic to every person by
virtue of their humanity. These rights encompass a broad spectrum, including civil and political rights that
protect liberties such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion, as well as the right to a fair trial and
protection from discrimination. Economic, social, and cultural rights are equally vital, guaranteeing access to
education, healthcare, adequate housing, and the right to work in just and favorable conditions. Together, these
rights create a framework for a society where individuals can flourish and contribute to the common good
without fear of oppression or injustice.
(2) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948,
stands as a monumental document that outlines the fundamental rights and freedoms to which every human being
is entitled. This declaration serves as a guiding light for nations and organizations worldwide, setting forth
principles that transcend borders and cultures. Over the years, the international community has developed a
robust system of human rights treaties, conventions, and mechanisms aimed at ensuring compliance with these
principles and holding violators accountable. Institutions like the United Nations Human Rights Council and
regional bodies play a crucial role in monitoring human rights situations, investigating abuses, and advocating for
justice and accountability.
(3) However, despite significant progress in the recognition and protection of human rights, challenges
persist. Violations continue to occur in various forms, including discrimination based on race, gender, religion,
sexual orientation, and political beliefs. Issues such as forced labor, human trafficking, child exploitation, and
restrictions on freedom of expression remain prevalent in many parts of the world. Addressing these challenges
requires not only legal frameworks and international cooperation but also a collective commitment to promoting
human dignity and equality at all levels of society. Education, awareness, and advocacy are key components in
fostering a culture of respect for human rights and combating prejudice and intolerance.
(4) Ultimately, the realization of human rights is a shared responsibility that extends beyond governments
and institutions to include individuals, communities, and civil society organizations. Empowering individuals to
know and assert their rights, supporting grassroots movements for social justice, and holding accountable those
who violate human rights are essential steps toward building a more just, inclusive, and humane world. By
upholding the principles of human rights in our daily lives and interactions, we contribute to the vision of a
society where every person can live with dignity, freedom, and equality.
A. Match the ideas with the paragraphs:
5. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its significance.
6. The role of international institutions in monitoring human rights violations mentioned.
7. The challenges and persisting issues in the protection of human rights.
8. The intrinsic nature of human rights and their relevance to a just society.
B. Are these statements true or false? Justify
7. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in
1948.
8. Economic, social, and cultural rights are not considered fundamental human rights.
9. Human rights are granted by governments and institutions.
10. The international community has not developed any mechanisms to ensure compliance with human rights
principles.
11. Discrimination based on race, gender, and religion is no longer prevalent in today's world.
12. Education, awareness, and advocacy are not mentioned as key components in promoting human rights.
D. Answer the following questions from the text:
7. What are civil and political rights, and why are they important in a society?
8. Describe the role of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in global human rights advocacy.
9. What challenges and violations are mentioned in the text regarding human rights?
10. How do international institutions contribute to the protection of human rights?
11. What actions are suggested in the text for addressing human rights violations?
12. Why is it stated that human rights are inherent and inalienable?
E. Find synonyms of the following words in the text:
1. Protect
2. Strong
3. Widespread