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Introductory C#

C# is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000, used for various applications including web and game development. It features strong typing, garbage collection, and is cross-platform compatible. The document covers C# syntax, data types, input/output operations, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, and object-oriented programming concepts.

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8 views6 pages

Introductory C#

C# is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft in 2000, used for various applications including web and game development. It features strong typing, garbage collection, and is cross-platform compatible. The document covers C# syntax, data types, input/output operations, operators, conditional statements, loops, functions, arrays, and object-oriented programming concepts.

Uploaded by

kevinowenhunt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introductory C#

What is C#?

• C# (pronounced "C-Sharp") is a high-level, object-oriented programming


language.

• Developed by Microsoft in 2000 as part of the .NET framework.

• Used for desktop applications, web development, game development


(Unity), and enterprise software.

• Similar to Java and C++, but designed to be easier and safer.

Basic Features of C#

• Strongly typed (every variable must have a type).

• Compiled language (code is compiled into Intermediate Language (IL) and run
by the .NET runtime).

• Supports Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).

• Garbage collection (automatically manages memory).

• Cross-platform (works on Windows, Linux, and macOS using .NET Core).

C# Syntax Basics

Writing a Basic C# Program

using System; // Import standard library

class Program {

static void Main() {

Console.WriteLine("Hello, C#!"); // Print to console

}
• using System; → Imports the System namespace (needed for
Console.WriteLine).

• class Program → Defines a class named Program.

• static void Main() → The main method, the entry point of C# programs.

• Console.WriteLine("Hello, C#!"); → Prints text to the console.

Comments in C#

// This is a single-line comment

/*

This is a

multi-line comment

*/

Variables & Data Types

int age = 25; // Integer

double price = 19.99; // Floating-point

char grade = 'A'; // Character

bool isCSharpFun = true; // Boolean

string name = "Alice"; // String

Type Example Size

int 25 4 bytes

double 19.99 8 bytes

char 'A' 2 bytes

bool true/false 1 bit

string "Hello" Varies


Input and Output

using System;

class Program {

static void Main() {

Console.Write("Enter your name: "); // Output message

string name = Console.ReadLine(); // Take input

Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!");

}
• Console.Write("text") → Prints text (without newline).

• Console.ReadLine() → Takes user input as a string.

Operators in C#

Operator Example Meaning

+ a+b Addition

- a-b Subtraction

* a*b Multiplication

/ a/b Division

% a%b Modulus

== a == b Equal to

!= a != b Not equal

Conditional Statements

int age = 20;

if (age >= 18) {


Console.WriteLine("You are an adult.");

} else {

Console.WriteLine("You are a minor.");

Loops in C#

For Loop

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

Console.WriteLine("Iteration: " + i);

}
While Loop

int count = 0;

while (count < 5) {

Console.WriteLine(count);

count++;

Functions in C#

using System;

class Program {

static void Greet() {

Console.WriteLine("Hello!");

static void Main() {

Greet(); // Function call

}
Function with Parameters & Return Value

using System;

class Program {

static int Add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

static void Main() {

Console.WriteLine("Sum is: " + Add(5, 3));

Arrays in C#

csharp

CopyEdit

int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30};

Console.WriteLine(numbers[0]); // Output: 10

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C#

Defining a Class & Object

using System;

class Car {

public string brand = "Toyota";

public void Honk() {

Console.WriteLine("Beep! Beep!");

}
}

class Program {

static void Main() {

Car myCar = new Car(); // Create object

Console.WriteLine(myCar.brand);

myCar.Honk();

}
• Class → Defines a blueprint.

• Object → Instance of a class.

Example Program: Simple Calculator

using System;

class Program {

static void Main() {

Console.Write("Enter first number: ");

int a = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.Write("Enter second number: ");

int b = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());

Console.WriteLine("Sum: " + (a + b));

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