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Friction Clutches: Submitted To Prof. P.K. Saini Submitted by Nilesh Sharma Roll No. 12216142 ME B-07

The document provides an overview of friction clutches, detailing their purpose, operation, and classification. It distinguishes between positive contact clutches, friction clutches, electromagnetic clutches, and fluid clutches, focusing primarily on friction clutches and their types, including single plate, multi-plate, and cone clutches. Key design considerations for friction clutches are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of suitable materials, torque capacity, and effective heat management.

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Nilesh Sharma
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31 views35 pages

Friction Clutches: Submitted To Prof. P.K. Saini Submitted by Nilesh Sharma Roll No. 12216142 ME B-07

The document provides an overview of friction clutches, detailing their purpose, operation, and classification. It distinguishes between positive contact clutches, friction clutches, electromagnetic clutches, and fluid clutches, focusing primarily on friction clutches and their types, including single plate, multi-plate, and cone clutches. Key design considerations for friction clutches are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of suitable materials, torque capacity, and effective heat management.

Uploaded by

Nilesh Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Friction Clutches

Submitted to Prof. P.K. Saini


Submitted by Nilesh Sharma
Roll No. 12216142 ME B-07
Introduction to Clutches
• The clutch is a mechanical device, which is used to connect or disconnect the
source of power from the remaining parts of the power transmission system at the
will of the operator.
• This is desirable when the engine is to be started or stopped, or when the gears are
to be shifted.
• Very often, three terms are used together, namely, couplings, clutches and brakes.
There is a basic di erence between the coupling and the clutch. A coupling, such as
a ange coupling, is a permanent connection while the clutch can connect or
disconnect the driving and driven shafts, as and when required by the operator.
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Similarly, there is a basic di erence between initial and nal conditions in clutch and
brake operations. In the operation of clutch, the conditions are as follows:

(i) Initial Condition The driving member is


rotating and the driven member is at rest.
(ii) Final Condition Both members rotate at the
same speed and have no relative motion.

In the operation of brake, the conditions are as


follows:

(i) Initial Condition One member such as the


brake drum is rotating and the braking member
such as the brake shoe is at rest.
(ii) Final Condition Both members are at rest and
have no relative motion.
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Classi cation of Clutches
• Positive contact Clutches: They include square
jaw clutches; spiral jaw clutches and toothed
clutches. In these clutches, power transmission is
achieved by means of interlocking of jaws or
teeth. Their main advantage is positive
engagement and once coupled, they can
transmit large torque with no slip.
• Friction Clutches : They include single and
multi-plate clutches, cone clutches and
centrifugal clutches. In these clutches, power
transmission isnachieved by means of friction
between contacting surfaces. This chapter is
restricted to friction clutches.
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• Electromagnetic Clutches They include
magnetic particle clutches, magnetic hysteresis
clutches and eddy current clutches. In these
clutches, power transmission is achieved by
means of the magnetic eld. These clutches
have many advantages, such as rapid response
time, ease of control, and smooth starts and
stops.
• Fluid Clutches and Couplings In these
clutches, power transmission is achieved by
means of hydraulic pressure. A uid coupling
provides extremely smooth starts and absorbs
shock.

Fig 1
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Positive Contact Clutches
They have some important applications where synchronous operation is required like power
presses and rolling mills.
Advantages:
(a) They do not slip and engagement is positive.
(b) No heat is generated during engagement or disengagement.
Disadvantages:
(a) Jaw clutches can be engaged only when both sha s are stationary or rotate with very
small speed di erence.
(b) They cannot be engaged at high speeds because engagement of jaws and sockets
results in shock.
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Friction Clutches
A single plate friction clutch consisting of two langes, One lange is rigidly keyed to the
driving shaft, while the other is connected to the driven shaft by means of splines. The
splines permit free axial movement of the driven lange with respect to the driven shaft.
This axial movement is essential for engagement and disengagement of the clutch.In the
working condition, the clutch is in an engaged position under the action of spring force.
The main advantages of friction clutch are as follows:
(i) The engagement is smooth.
(ii) Slip occurs only during engaging operation and once the clutch is engaged, there is no
slip between the contacting surfaces. Therefore, power loss and consequent heat
generation do not create problems, unless the operation requires frequent starts and stops.
(iii) In certain cases, the friction clutch serves as a safety device. It slips when the
torque transmitted through it exceeds a safe value. This prevents the breakage of
parts in the transmission chain.
Types of Friction Clutches
Friction clutches operate based on friction between
contacting surfaces. The main types are:
(a) Single Plate Clutch
• Comprises a single friction disc between the ywheel
and pressure plate.
• Used in light-duty applications such as passenger cars.
• Operates using spring force and disengages when the
clutch pedal is pressed.
• Advantages: Simple design, easy maintenance, and
smooth operation.
• Disadvantages: Limited torque transmission, high wear
and tear.

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(b) Multi-Plate Clutch
• Multiple friction plates increase torque transmission capacity.
• Used in motorcycles, racing cars, and heavy-duty vehicles.
• Works e ciently in limited space due to increased friction
area.
• Advantages: Higher torque transmission, compact size.
• Disadvantages: Increased complexity and maintenance.
(c) Cone Clutch
• Uses conical friction surfaces instead of at plates.
• Provides greater contact area, allowing higher torque
transmission.
• Found in heavy machinery and early automobile
transmissions.
• Advantages: Higher torque capacity, smoother engagement.
• Disadvantages: Susceptible to misalignment and
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Factors should be considered while designing friction
clutches

(i) Selection of a proper type of clutch that is suitable for the given
application
(ii) Selection of suitable friction material at the contacting surfaces
(iii) Designing the clutch for suf icient torque capacity
(iv) Engagement and disengagement should be
without shock or jerk

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(v) Provision for holding the contacting surfaces together by the clutch itself and without any external
assistance

(vi) Low weight for rotating parts to reduce inertia forces, particularly in high-speed applications

(vii) Provision for taking or compensating wear of rubbing surfaces

(viii) Provision for carrying away the heat generated at the rubbing surfaces
Design of Single Plate Clutch
Design of Multi-Disc Clutch
Design of Cone Clutch
Design of Centrifugal Clutch
Thank You…

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