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 Chapter 6 Repetition

Section 6.1 Do Loops

1. What is wrong with the following Do loop?

Dim index As Integer = 1
Do While index <> 9
lstBox.Items.Add("Hello")
index += 1
Loop
(A) The test variable should not be changed inside a Do loop.
(B) The test condition will never be true.
(C) This is an infinite loop.
(D) Nothing
D

2. What numbers will be displayed in the list box when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim num as Double = 10
Do While num > 1
lstBox.Items.Add(num)
num = num - 3
Loop
End Sub

(A) 10, 7, and 4

(B) 10, 7, 4, and 1
(C) 10, 7, 4, 1, and -2
(D) No output
A

3. Which While statement is equivalent to Until num < 100?

(A) While num <= 100
(B) While num > 100
(C) While num >= 100
(D) There is no equivalent While statement.
C
4. What is wrong with the following Do loop?
Dim index As Integer = 1
Do While index <> 10
lstBox.Items.Add("Hello")
index += 2
Loop
(A) It should have been written as a Do Until loop.
(B) It is an infinite loop.
(C) The test variable should not be changed within the loop itself.
(D) Nothing
B

5. In analyzing the solution to a program, you conclude that you want to construct a loop so
that the loop terminates either when (a < 12) or when (b = 16). Using a Do loop, the test
condition should be
(A) Do While (a > 12) Or (b <> 16)
(B) Do While (a >= 12) Or (b <> 16)
(C) Do While (a < 12) Or (b <> 16)
(D) Do While (a >= 12) And (b <> 16)
(E) Do While (a < 12) And (b = 16)
D

6. When Visual Basic executes a Do While loop it first checks the truth value of the
_________.
(A) pass
(B) loop
(C) condition
(D) statement
C

7. If the loop is to be executed at least once, the condition should be checked at the
__________.
(A) top of the loop
(B) middle of the loop
(C) bottom of the loop
(D) Nothing should be checked.
C

8. A Do While loop checks the While condition before executing the statements in the loop.
(T/F)
T

9. If the While condition in a Do While loop is false the first time it is encountered, the
statements in the loop are still executed once. (T/F)
F
10. The following statement is valid. (T/F)
Do While x <> 0
T

11. The following two sets of code produce the same output. (T/F)
Dim num As Integer = 1 Dim num As Integer = 1
Do While num <=5 Do
lstBox.Items.Add("Hello") lstBox.Items.Add("Hello")
num += 1 num += 1
Loop Loop Until (num > 5)
T

12. A loop written using the structure Do While...Loop can usually be rewritten using the
structure Do...Loop Until. (T/F)
T

13. A variable declared inside a Do loop cannot be referred to outside of the loop. (T/F)
T

14. Assume that i and last are Integer variables. Describe precisely the output produced by the
following segment for the inputs 4 and –2.
Dim last, i As Integer
last = CInt(InputBox("Enter terminating value:"))
i = 0
Do While (i <= last)
lstBox.Items.Add(i)
i += 1
Loop
(Input 4): 0 1 2 3 4
(Input –2): No output

15. The following is an infinite loop. Rearrange the statements so that the loop will terminate as
intended.
x = 0
Do
lstBox.Items.Add(x)
Loop Until x > 13
x += 2
Move the last statement one line up, before the Loop Until statement
16. What is wrong with the following simple password program where today's password is
"intrepid"?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim password As String
password = InputBox("Enter today's password:")
Do
lstBox.Items.Add("Incorrect")
password = InputBox("Enter today's password:")
Loop Until password = "intrepid"
lstBox.Items.Add("Password Correct. You may continue.")
End Sub
(A) There is no way to re-enter a failed password.
(B) The Loop Until condition should be passWord <> "intrepid".
(C) It will display "Incorrect." even if the first response is "intrepid".
(D) Nothing
C

17. How many times will HI be displayed when the following lines are executed?
Dim c As Integer = 12
Do
lstBox.Items.Add("HI")
c += 3
Loop Until (c >= 30)
(A) 5
(B) 9
(C) 6
(D) 4
(E) 10
C

18. In the following code segment, what type of variable is counter?

Dim temp, counter, check As Integer
Do
temp = CInt(InputBox("Enter a number."))
counter += temp
If counter = 10 Then
check = 0
End If
Loop Until (check = 0)
(A) counter
(B) accumulator
(C) sentinel
(D) loop control variable
B
19. What numbers will be displayed in the list box by the following code when the button is
clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim num As Integer = 7
Do
num += 1
lstBox.Items.Add(num)
Loop Until (num > 6)
lstBox.Items.Add(num)
End Sub
(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 7 and 8
(D) 8 and 8
D

20. __________ calculate the number of elements in lists.

(A) Sentinels
(B) Counter variables
(C) Accumulators
(D) Nested loops
B

21. _________ calculate the sums of numerical values in lists.

(A) Sentinels
(B) Counter variables
(C) Accumulator variables
(D) Nested loops
C

22. The following are equivalent While and Until statements. (T/F)
While (num > 2) And (num < 5)
Until (num <= 2) Or (num >= 5)
T

23. A Do…Loop Until block is always executed at least once. (T/F)

T

24. A counter variable is normally incremented or decremented by 1. (T/F)

T
25. The following program uses a counter variable to force the loop to end. (T/F)
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim r As Double = 1
Dim t As Double = 0
Do While (t < 5000)
t = 2 * t + r
r += 1
lstBox.Items.Add(t)
Loop
End Sub
F

Section 6.2 For…Next Loops

1. When the number of repetitions needed for a set of instructions is known before they are
executed in a program, the best repetition structure to use is a(n)
(A) Do While...Loop structure.
(B) Do...Loop Until structure.
(C) For...Next loop.
(D) If blocks.
C

2. What is one drawback in using non-integer Step sizes?

(A) Round-off errors may cause unpredictable results.
(B) Decimal Step sizes are invalid in Visual Basic.
(C) A decimal Step size is never needed.
(D) Decimal Step sizes usually produce infinite loops.
A

3. When the odd numbers are added successively, any finite sum will be a perfect square (e.g.,
1 + 3 + 5 = 9 and 9 = 3^2). What change must be made in the following program to correctly
demonstrate this fact for the first few odd numbers?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim oddNumber As Integer
Dim sum As Integer = 0
For i As Integer = 1 To 9 Step 2 'Generate first few odd numbers
oddNumber = i
For j As Integer = 1 To oddNumber Step 2 'Add odd numbers
sum += j
Next
lstBox.Items.Add(sum & " is a perfect square.")
Next
End Sub
(A) Change the Step size to 1 in the first For statement.
(B) Move oddNumber = i inside the second For loop.
(C) Reset sum to zero immediately before the second Next statement.
(D) Reset sum to zero immediately before the first Next statement.
C
4. What does the following program do with a person's name?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim name, test As String
Dim n As String = ""
name = InputBox("Enter your first name:")
For i As Integer = 0 To (name.Length - 1) Step 2
test = name.Substring(i, 1)
n = test & n
Next
txtBox.Text = n
End Sub
It displays the name
(A) in reverse order.
(B) in reverse order and skips every other letter.
(C) as it was entered.
(D) as it was entered, but skips every other letter.
B

5. Suppose the days of the year are numbered from 1 to 365 and January 1 falls on a Tuesday
as it did in 2013. What is the correct For statement to use if you want only the numbers for
the Fridays in 2013?
(A) For i As Integer = 3 to 365 Step 7
(B) For i As Integer = 1 to 365 Step 3
(C) For i As Integer = 365 To 1 Step -7
(D) For i As Integer = 3 To 365 Step 6
A

6. Given the following partial program, how many times will the statement
lstBox.Items.Add(j + k + m) be executed?
For j As Integer = 1 To 4
For k As Integer = 1 To 3
For m As Integer = 2 To 10 Step 3
lstBox.Items.Add(j + k + m)
Next
Next
Next
(A) 24
(B) 60
(C) 36
(D) 10
(E) None of the above
C
7. Which of the following program segments will sum the eight numbers input by the user?

(A)For k As Integer = 1 To 8
s = CDbl(InputBox("Enter a number.")
s += k
Next
(B) For k As Integer = 1 To 8
a = CDbl(InputBox("Enter a number.")
s += 1
Next
(C) For k As Integer = 1 To 8
a = CDbl(InputBox("Enter a number.")
a += s
Next
(D) For k As Integer = 1 To 8
a = CDbl(InputBox("Enter a number.")
s += a
Next
D

8. What will be displayed by the following program when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim a As String, n, c As Integer
a = "HIGHBACK"
n = CInt(Int(a.Length / 2))
c = 0
For k As Integer = 0 To n – 1
If a.Substring(k, 1) > a.Substring(7 – k, 1) Then
c += 1
End If
Next
txtBox.Text = CStr(c)
End Sub

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
(E) 5
C

9. In a For statement of the form shown below, what is the default step value when the "Step c"
clause is omitted?
For i As Integer = a To b Step c
(A) the same as a
(B) the same as b
(C) 0
(D) 1
D
10. What will be displayed when the following lines are executed?
txtBox.Clear()
For k As Integer = 1 To 3
txtBox.Text &= "ABCD".Substring(4 – k, 1)
Next

(A) ABC
(B) CBA
(C) DBA
(D) DCBA
(E) DCB
E

11. Which loop computes the sum of 1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + … + 99/100?
(A) For n As Integer = 1 To 99
s += n / (1 + n)
Next
(B) For q As Integer = 100 To 1
s += (q + 1) /q
Next
(C) For d As Integer = 2 To 99
s = 1 / d + d / (d + 1)
Next
(D) For x As Integer = 1 To 100
s += 1 / (x + 1)
Next
A

12. How many times will PETE be displayed when the following lines are executed?
For c As Integer = 15 to -4 Step -6
lstBox.Items.Add("PETE")
Next
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 4
D
13. What will be displayed by the following program when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim s As Double
s = 0
For k As Integer = 1 To 5
If k / 2 = Int(k / 2) Then
s += k
End If
Next
txtBox.Text = CStr(s)
End Sub

(A) 12
(B) 9
(C) 15
(D) 6
D

14. How many lines of output are produced by the following program segment?
For i As Integer = 1 To 3
For j As Integer = 1 To 3
For k As Integer = i to j
lstBox.Items.Add("Programming is fun.")
Next
Next
Next
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 10
(D) 11
C

15. Assuming the following statement, what is the For...Next loop's counter variable?
For yr As Integer = 1 To 5
(A) 1
(B) 5
(C) To
(D) yr
D
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16. What is the value of j after the end of the following code segment?
For j As Integer = 1 to 23
lstBox.Items.Add("The counter value is " & j)
Next

(A) 22
(B) 23
(C) 24
(D) j no longer exists
D

17. A For...Next loop with a positive step value continues to execute until what condition is
met?
(A) The counter variable is greater than the terminating value.
(B) The counter variable is equal to or greater than the terminating value.
(C) The counter variable is less than the terminating value.
(D) The counter variable is less than or equal to the terminating value.
A

18. Which of the following loops will always be executed at least once when it is encountered?
(A) a For...Next loop
(B) a Do loop having posttest form
(C) a Do loop having pretest form
(D) none of the above.
B

19. Which of the following are valid for an initial or terminating value of a Fir...Next loop?
(A) a numeric literal
(B) info.Length, where info is a string variable
(C) a numeric expression
(D) All of the above
D

20. What is the data type of the variable num if Option Infer is set to On and the statement
Dim num = 7.0 is executed?
(A) Integer
(B) Boolean
(C) Double
(D) String
C

21. The value of the counter variable should not be altered within the body of a For…Next loop.
(T/F)
T
22. The body of a For...Next loop in Visual Basic will always be executed once no matter what
the initial and terminating values are. (T/F)
F

23. If the terminating value of a For...Next loop is less than the initial value, then the body of the
loop is never executed. (T/F)
F

24. If one For...Next loop begins inside another For...Next loop, it must also end within this
loop. (T/F)
T

25. The value of the counter variable in a For...Next loop need not be a whole number. (T/F)
T

26. One must always have a Next statement paired with a For statement. (T/F)
T

27. If the initial value is greater than the terminating value in a For...Next loop, the statements
within are still executed one time. (T/F)
F

28. When one For...Next loop is contained within another, the name of the counter variable for
each For...Next loop may be the same. (T/F)
F

29. A For...Next loop cannot be nested inside a Do loop. (T/F)

F

30. The following code segment is valid. (T/F)

If (firstLetter > "A") Then
For x As Integer = 1 to 100
lstBox.Items.Add(x)
Next
End If
T

31. In a For...Next loop, the initial value should be greater than the terminating value if a
negative step is used and the body of the loop is to be executed at least once. (T/F)
T

32. If the counter variable of a For...Next loop will assume values that are not whole numbers,
then the variable should not be of type Integer. (T/F)
T

33. The step value of a For...Next loop can be given by a numeric literal, variable, or expression.
(T/F)
T
34. The variable index declared with the statement For index As Integer = 0 To 5 cannot
be referred to outside of the For…Next loop. (T/F)
T

35. When Option Infer is set to On, a statement of the form Dim num = 7 is valid. (T/F)
T

36. What is displayed in the text box when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click
Dim word As String = "Alphabet"
Dim abbreviation As String = ""
For i As Integer = 0 To word.Length - 1
If word.Substring(i, 1).ToUpper <> "A" Then
abbreviation &= word.Substring(i, 1)
End If
Next
txtBox.Text = abbreviation
End Sub
lphbet

Section 6.3 List Boxes and Loops

1. Which of the following expressions refers to the contents of the last row of the list box?
(A) lstBox.Items(lstBox.Items.Count)
(B) lstBox.Items(lstBox.Items.Count - 1)
(C) lstBox.Items(Count)
(D) lstBox.Items.Count
B

2. Which of the following expressions refers to the contents of the first row of the list box?
(A) lstBox.Items(0)
(B) lstBox.Items(1)
(C) lstBox.Items.First
(D) lstBox.Items(First)
A

3. Each item in a list box is identified by an index number; the first item in the list is assigned
which of the following values as an index?
(A) a randomly assigned value
(B) 1.
(C) a value initially designated by the programmer
(D) 0
D
4. The following lines of code display all the items of lstBox. (T/F)
For n As Integer = 1 to lstBox.Items.Count
lstBox2.Items.Add(lstBox.Items(n))
Next
F

5. The number of items in ListBox1 is ListBox1.Items.Count. (T/F)

T

6. If no item in a list box is selected, the value of lstBox.SelectedIndex is 0. (T/F)

F

7. Which of the statements will unhighlight any highlighted item in lstBox?

(A) lstBox.SelectedItem = Nothing
(B) lstBox.SelectedItem = ""
(C) lstBox.SelectedIndex = 0
(D) lstBox.SelectedIndex = -1
D

8. A list box named lstBox has its Sorted property set to True and contains the three items Cat,
Dog, and Gnu in its Items collection. If the word Elephant is added to the Items collection at
run time, what will be its index value?
(A) 2
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 0
A

9. A list box named lstBox has its Sorted property set to False and contains the three items Cat,
Dog, and Gnu in its list. If the word Elephant is added to the list at run time, what will be its
index value?
(A) 2
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 0
C

10. If a program contains procedures for both the Click and DoubleClick events on a list box and the user
double-clicks on the list box, only the Click event will be raised. (T/F)
T

11. If a list box has its sorted property set to True and the list box contains all numbers, then the values in
the list box will always be in increasing numerical order. (T/F)
F
12. If a list box contains all numbers, then which of the following values can be calculated
without using a loop?
(A) average value of the numbers
(B) largest number
(C) smallest number
(D) number of numbers
D

13. Which of the following is not a main type of event that can be raised by user selections of
items in a list box?
(A) Click event
(B) SelectedIndexChanged event
(C) FillDown event
(D) DoubleClick event
C

14. The value of lstBox.Items(n) is the nth item in the list box. (T/F)
F

15. The sorted property can only be set to True at design time. (T/F)
F

16. The _____________ data type is most suited to a flag.

(A) Boolean
(B) Integer
(C) String
(D) Double
A

17. A variable that keeps track of whether a certain situation has occurred is called
(A) a counter.
(B) an accumulator.
(C) a switch.
(D) a flag.
D
Other documents randomly have
different content
 heir lips are still as the lips of the dead,
The gaze of their eyes is straight ahead;
The tramp, tramp, tramp of ten thousand feet
Keep time to that muffled, monotonous beat,—
Rub a dub dub! rub a dub dub!

Ten thousand more! and still they come

To fight a battle for Christendom!
With cannon and caissons, and flags unfurled,
The foremost men in all the world!
Rub a dub dub! rub a dub dub!

The foe is entrenched on the frowning hill,—

A natural fortress, strengthened by skill;
But vain are the walls to those who face
The champions of the human race!
Rub a dub dub; rub a dub dub!

“By regiment! Forward into line!”

Then sabres and guns and bayonets shine.
Oh ye, who feel your fate at last,
Repeat the old prayer as your hearts beat fast!
Rub a dub dub! rub a dub dub!

Oh, ye who waited and prayed so long

That Right might have a fair fight with Wrong,
No more in fruitless marches shall plod,
But smite the foe with the wrath of God!
Rub a dub dub! rub a dub dub!

O Death! what a charge that carried the hill!

That carried, and kept, and holds it still!
The foe is broken and flying with fear,
While far on their route our drummers I hear,—
Rub a dub dub! rub a dub dub!
THE YEAR OF JUBILEE.
[A body of negro troops entered
Richmond singing this song when the Union
forces took possession of the Confederate
capital. It is an interesting fact, illustrative
of the elasticity of spirit shown by the losers
in the great contest, that the song, which
might have been supposed to be peculiarly
offensive to their wounded pride and
completely out of harmony with their deep
depression and chagrin, became at once a
favorite among them, and was sung, with
applause, by young men and maidens in
wellnigh every house in Virginia.—Editor.]
 ay, darkeys, hab you seen de massa,
Wid de muffstash on he face,
Go long de road some time dis mornin’,
Like he gwine leabe de place?
He see de smoke way up de ribber
Whar de Lincum gunboats lay;
He took he hat an’ leff berry sudden,
And I spose he’s runned away.
De massa run, ha, ha!
De darkey stay, ho, ho!
It mus’ be now de kingdum comin’,
An’ de yar ob jubilo.

He six foot one way an’ two foot todder,

An’ he weigh six hundred poun’;
His coat so big he couldn’t pay de tailor,
An’ it won’t reach half way roun’;
He drill so much dey calls him cap’n,
An he git so mighty tanned,
I spec he’ll try to fool dem Yankees,
For to tink he contraband.
De massa run, ha, ha!
De darkey stay, ho, ho!
It mus’ be now de kingdum comin’,
An’ de yar ob jubilo.

De darkeys got so lonesome libb’n

In de log hut on de lawn,
Dey moved dere tings into massa’s parlor
For to keep it while he gone.
Dar’s wine an’ cider in de kitchin,
An’ de darkeys dey hab some,
I spec it will be all fiscated,
When de Lincum sojers come.
De massa run, ha, ha!
De darkey stay ho ho!
 De darkey stay, ho, ho!
It mus’ be now de kingdum comin’,
An’ de yar ob jubilo.

De oberseer he makes us trubble,

An’ he dribe us roun’ a spell,
We lock him up in de smoke-house cellar,
Wid de key flung in de well.
De whip am lost, de han’-cuff broke,
But de massy hab his pay;
He big an’ ole enough for to know better
Dan to went an’ run away.
De massa run, ha, ha!
De darkey stay, ho, ho!
It mus’ be now de kingdum comin’,
An’ de yar ob jubilo.
THE CONQUERED BANNER.
By Abram J. Ryan.
[This poem appeared very soon after
the surrender of the Confederate armies,
and was probably the first, as it is the
finest, poetical expression of reverent regret
for the Lost Cause, without any touch of
bitterness in its loss. The author was a
Catholic priest, who wrote a number of
poems of merit, though none that appealed
so strongly as this one does to the
generous sympathy of the victor with the
sorrow of the vanquished. The author was
born in Norfolk, Va., August 15, 1839, and
died in Louisville, Ky., April 22, 1886.—
Editor.]
THE CONQUERED BANNER.
 url that Banner, for ’tis weary,
Round its staff ’tis drooping dreary:
Furl it, fold it,—it is best;
For there’s not a man to wave it,
And there’s not a sword to save it,
And there’s not one left to lave it
In the blood which heroes gave it,
And its foes now scorn and brave it:
Furl it, hide it,—let it rest!

Take the Banner down! ’tis tattered;

Broken is its staff and shattered,
And the valiant hosts are scattered
Over whom it floated high.
Oh, ’tis hard for us to fold it,
Hard to think there’s none to hold it,
Hard that those who once unrolled it
Now must furl it with a sigh!

Furl that Banner—furl it sadly;

Once ten thousands hailed it gladly,
And ten thousands wildly, madly
Swore it should forever wave—
Swore that foemen’s sword could never
Hearts like theirs entwined dissever,
And that flag should float forever
O’er their freedom, or their grave!

Furl it!—for the hands that grasped it,

And the hearts that fondly clasped it,
Cold and dead are lying low;
And the Banner—it is trailing,
While around it sounds the wailing,
Of its people in their woe;

For though conquered, they adore it—

 o t oug co que ed, t ey ado e t
Love the cold dead hands that bore it,
Weep for those who fell before it,
Pardon those who trailed and tore it;
And, oh, wildly they deplore it,
Now to furl and fold it so!

Furl that Banner! True, ’tis gory,

Yet ’tis wreathed around with glory,
And ’twill live in song and story
Though its folds are in the dust!
For its fame on brightest pages,
Penned by poets and by sages,
Shall go sounding down the ages—
Furl its folds though now we must!

Furl that Banner, softly, slowly;

Treat it gently—it is holy,
For it droops above the dead;
Touch it not—unfold it never;
Let it droop there, furled forever,—
For its people’s hopes are fled.

[Southern.]
SOMEBODY’S DARLING.
By MARIA LA CONTE.
 nto a ward of the whitewashed halls
Where the dead and the dying lay,
Wounded by bayonets, shells, and balls,
Somebody’s darling was borne one day—
Somebody’s darling, so young and brave;
Wearing yet on his sweet pale face—
Soon to be hid in the dust of the grave—
The lingering light of his boyhood’s grace.

Matted and damp are the curls of gold

Kissing the snow of that fair young brow,
Pale are the lips of delicate mould—
Somebody’s darling is dying now.
Back from his beautiful blue-veined brow
Brush his wandering waves of gold;
Cross his hands on his bosom now—
Somebody’s darling is still and cold.

Kiss him once for somebody’s sake,

Murmur a prayer soft and low;
One bright curl from its fair mates take—
They were somebody’s pride, you know.
Somebody’s hand hath rested here—
Was it a mother’s, soft and white?
Or have the lips of a sister fair
Been baptized in their waves of light?

God knows best. He has somebody’s love,

Somebody’s heart enshrined him there,
Somebody wafts his name above,
Night and morn, on the wings of prayer.
Somebody wept when he marched away,
Looking so handsome, brave, and grand;
Somebody’s kiss on his forehead lay,
Somebody clung to his parting hand.
Somebody’s watching and waiting for him,
Yearning to hold him again to her heart;
And there he lies with his blue eyes dim,
And the smiling, childlike lips apart.
Tenderly bury the fair young dead—
Pausing to drop on his grave a tear.
Carve on the wooden slab o’er his head:
“Somebody’s darling slumbers here.”

[Southern.]
LEFT ON THE BATTLE-FIELD.
By SARAH T. BOLTON.
 hat, was it a dream? am I all alone
In the dreary night and the drizzling rain?
Hist!—ah, it was only the river’s moan;
They have left me behind with the mangled slain.

Yes, now I remember it all too well!

We met, from the battling ranks apart;
Together our weapons flashed and fell,
And mine was sheathed in his quivering heart.

In the cypress gloom, where the deed was done,

It was all too dark to see his face;
But I heard his death groans, one by one,
And he holds me still in a cold embrace.

He spoke but once, and I could not hear

The words he said, for the cannon’s roar;
But my heart grew cold with a deadly fear,—
O God! I had heard that voice before!

Had heard it before at our mother’s knee,

When we lisped the words of our evening prayer!
My brother! would I had died for thee,—
This burden is more than my soul can bear!

I pressed my lips to his death-cold cheek,

And begged him to show me by word or sign,
That he knew and forgave me; he could not speak,
But he nestled his poor cold face to mine.

The blood flowed fast from my wounded side,

And then for a while I forgot my pain,
And over the lakelet we seemed to glide
In our little boat, two boys again.

And then, in my dream, we stood alone

O f t th h th h d f ll
 On a forest path where the shadows fell;
And I heard again the tremulous tone
And the tender words of his last farewell.

But that parting was years, long years ago,

He wandered away to a foreign land;
And our dear old mother will never know
That he died to-night by his brother’s hand.

The soldiers who buried the dead away

Disturbed not the clasp of that last embrace,
But laid them to sleep till the judgment day,
Heart folded to heart, and face to face.
DRIVING HOME THE COWS.
By KATE PUTNAM OSGOOD.
 ut of the clover and blue-eyed grass,
He turned them into the river-lane;
One after another he let them pass,
Then fastened the meadow bars again.

Under the willows, and over the hill,

He patiently followed their sober pace;
The merry whistle for once was still,
And something shadowed the sunny face.

Only a boy! and his father had said

He never could let his youngest go;
Two already were lying dead
Under the feet of the trampling foe.

But after the evening work was done,

And the frogs were loud in the meadow swamp,
Over his shoulder he slung his gun,
And stealthily followed the foot-path damp.

Across the clover and through the wheat,

With resolute heart and purpose grim,
Though cold was the dew on his hurrying feet,
And the blind bat’s flitting startled him.

Thrice since then had the lanes been white,

And the orchards sweet with apple-bloom;
And now when the cows came back at night,
The feeble father drove them home.

For news had come to the lonely farm

That three were lying where two had lain;
And the old man’s tremulous, palsied arm
Could never lean on a son’s again.

The summer day grew cold and late,

H t f th h th k d
 He went for the cows when the work was done;
But down the lane, as he opened the gate,
He saw them coming, one by one,—

Brindle, Ebony, Speckle, and Bess,

Shaking their horns in the evening wind;
Cropping the buttercups out of the grass,—
But who was it following close behind?

Loosely swung in the idle air

The empty sleeve of army blue;
And worn and pale from the crisping hair
Looked out a face that the father knew.

For Southern prisons will sometimes yawn,

And yield their dead unto life again;
And the day that comes with a cloudy dawn
In golden glory at last may wane.

The great tears sprang to their meeting eyes;

For the heart must speak when the lips are dumb;
And under the silent evening skies,
Together they followed the cattle home.
 AFTER ALL.
By WILLIAM WINTER
 he apples are ripe in the orchard,
The work of the reaper is done,
And the golden woodlands redden
In the blood of the dying sun.

At the cottage door the grandsire

Sits pale in his easy-chair,
While the gentle wind of twilight
Plays with his silver hair.

A woman is kneeling beside him;

A fair young head is pressed,
In the first wild passion of sorrow,
Against his agéd breast.

And far from over the distance

The faltering echoes come
Of the flying blast of trumpet
And the rattling roll of the drum.

And the grandsire speaks in a whisper:

“The end, no man can see;
But we gave him to his country,
And we give our prayers to thee.”

The violets star the meadows,

The rosebuds fringe the door,
And over the grassy orchard
The pink-white blossoms pour.

But the grandsire’s chair is empty,

The cottage is dark and still;
There’s a nameless grave in the battle-field,
And a new one under the hill.

And a pallid, tearless woman

B th ld h th it l
 By the cold hearth sits alone,
And the old clock in the corner
Ticks on with a steady drone.
“HE’LL SEE IT WHEN HE WAKES.”
By FRANK LEE.
[In “Bugle Echoes” Mr. Francis F. Browne
introduces this poem with the following
note: “In one of the battles in Virginia, a
gallant young Mississippian had fallen, and
at night, just before burying him, there
came a letter from his betrothed. One of
the burial group took the letter and laid it
upon the breast of the dead soldier, with
the words: ‘Bury it with him. He’ll see it
when he wakes.’”—Editor.]
 mid the clouds of battle-smoke
The sun had died away,
And where the storm of battle broke
A thousand warriors lay.
A band of friends upon the field
Stood round a youthful form
Who, when the war-cloud’s thunder pealed,
Had perished in the storm.
Upon his forehead, on his hair,
The coming moonlight breaks,
And each dear brother standing there
A tender farewell takes.

But ere they laid him in his home

There came a comrade near,
And gave a token that had come
From her the dead held dear.
A moment’s doubt upon them pressed,
Then one the letter takes,
And lays it low upon his breast—
“He’ll see it when he wakes.”
O thou who dost in sorrow wait,
Whose heart with anguish breaks,
Though thy dear message came too late,
“He’ll see it when he wakes.”

No more amid the fiery storm

Shall his strong arm be seen;
No more his young and manly form
Tread Mississippi’s green;
And e’en thy tender words of love—
The words affection speaks—
Came all too late; but oh! thy love
“Will see them when he wakes.”
No jars disturb his gentle rest,
No noise his slumber breaks
 No noise his slumber breaks,
But thy words sleep upon his breast—
“He’ll see them when he wakes.”

[Southern.]
THE RÉVEILLE.
By BRET HARTE.
 ark! I hear the tramp of thousands,
And of arméd men the hum;
Lo! a nation’s hosts have gathered
Round the quick-alarming drum—
Saying: “Come,
Freemen, come!
Ere your heritage be wasted,” said the quick-alarming drum.

“Let me of my heart take counsel:

War is not of life the sum;
Who shall stay and reap the harvest
When the autumn days shall come?”
But the drum
Echoed: “Come!
Death shall reap the braver harvest,” said the solemn-sounding
drum.

“But when won the coming battle,

What of profit springs therefrom?
What if conquest, subjugation,
Even greater ills become?”
But the drum
Answered: “Come!
You must do the sum to prove it,” said the Yankee-answering drum.

“What if, ’mid the cannon’s thunder,

Whistling shot and bursting bomb,
When my brothers fall around me,
Should my heart grow cold and numb?”
But the drum
Answered: “Come!
Better there in death united than in life a recreant—Come!”

Thus they answered—hoping, fearing,

Some in faith and doubting some,
Till a trumpet-voice proclaiming,
 a t u pet o ce p oc a g,
Said: “My chosen people, come!”
Then the drum,
Lo! was dumb;
For the great heart of the nation, throbbing, answered:
“Lord, we come!”
 RÉVEILLE.
By MICHAEL O’CONNOR.
[The author of this poem was a
sergeant in the 140th regiment of New York
volunteers, who died at the age of 25
years, at Potomac Station, Va.,
December 28, 1862.—Editor.]
 he morning is cheery, my boys, arouse!
The dew shines bright on the chestnut boughs,
And the sleepy mist on the river lies,
Though the east is flushing with crimson dyes.
Awake! awake! awake!
O’er field and wood and brake,
With glories newly born,
Comes on the blushing morn.
Awake! awake!

You have dreamed of your homes and friends all night;

You have basked in your sweethearts’ smiles so bright;
Come, part with them all for a while again,—
Be lovers in dreams; when awake, be men,
Turn out! turn out! turn out!
You have dreamed full long, I know.
Turn out! turn out! turn out!
The east is all aglow.
Turn out! turn out!

From every valley and hill they come

The clamoring voices of fife and drum;
And out in the fresh, cool morning air
The soldiers are swarming everywhere.
Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Every man in his place
Fall in! fall in! fall in!
Each with a cheerful face.
Fall in! fall in!
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