Endterm 2

Math Review
 Agenda
Review lessons that are being assessed:
- Algebraic Expressions 1 & 2 (Week 11 & 12)
- Graphs 1 & 2 (Week 15 & 16)
- Angles (Week 17)
- 3D Shapes and Nets (Week 18)
- Circles 1 & 2 (Week 19 & 20)
- Area & Perimeter (Week 21)
Areas & Perimeter
 Perimeter
The perimeter is sum of the lengths of all sides of a
shape.
• To calculate the perimeter, add PERIMETER
4cm
a
all the length of all sides
together.

2cm
2cm
• If a shape has equal sides (like b
a square or rectangle) only one
or two sides may be labelled.
Example: 4cm

2cm + 4cm b + 4cm = 12cm

a + 2cm
 Compound Perimeter
Compound perimeter is the sum of all the lengths of
the outer sides of a compound shape.
• Compound shapes are many 3
shapes together.
• Do not count any of the sides that 2 2
are now inside the compound shape. 2
Example: 2 2

3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 17cm 2 2
2
 Area
The area of a shape is the space within the lines.

• The area of a rectangle or a square is

calculated by multiplying the length (l)
times the height (h). AREA
2cm
h
Example:

Area = 4cm h = 8cm2

l x 2cm 4cm
l
• Be careful: For perimeter the units stay the same, but for
area the units must be squared (x2).
 Area of a Triangle
Use the formula to find the area of a bxh
triangle: A=
2
• This is the formula we use because a triangle is half (/2)
of a rectangle/square (l x h).

Rectangle: A = l x h

h = height Triangle: A = b x h
2

bl = length
base
Parallelogram and Trapezium Area
• To find the area of a parallelogram, use
the formula A = base (b) x height (h)
height (h)
• The formula works because a
parallelogram can be transformed into
a rectangle (A = l x w). base (b)
a
• To find the area of a trapezium, use the
formula: A = (a + b) x height (h)
height (h) 2
• a and b are the parallel sides.
b
 Compound Area
To find the area of a compound shape:
• Step 1: Split it into it’s different shapes and find any missing
lengths you will need.
• Step 2: Find the area for each shape (in proper units).
• Step 3: Add them together. 5m

Example:
A 7m
Area A = 5 x 7 = 35m2 10m
Area B = 3 x 15 = 45m2
B 3m
Total area = 35 + 45 = 80m2
15m
 area of the
1) Calculate the trapezium below when a = 10 cm, b = 20
cm, and height = 10cm.

= 1/2 x 10cm (10 + 20)

= 150 cm2
2) Calculate the perimeter of the compound shape
below. 6 mm Perimeter = 11 + 6 + 3 + 9 + 8 + 15
= 52 mm
8 mm
3)What is the area of the parallelogram below?

Area = base x height

= 15 yd x 8 yd
= 120 yd2
4) A rectangular park is surrounded by a garden. The
garden needs soil and it costs $10 per square meter
(m2). How much does it cost to cover the garden with
soil? (use the image below for questions 4 & 5)

Area of Park = 25 x 30 = 750 m2

Total area = 35 x 40 = 1400 m2
Area of garden = 1400 - 750 = 650 m2

Total cost = 650 m2 x $10/m2 = $6500

5) Both the park and garden needs to be protected by
a fence. The fence costs $5 per meter. How much
does it cost to install the fencing around the park and
the garden? (use the image below for questions 4 & 5)
Perimeter of Park = 25 + 25 + 30 + 30 = 110 m
Perimeter of Garden = 35 + 35 + 40 + 40 = 150 m
Total length of fence = 110 m + 150 m = 260 m

Total cost = 260 m x $5/m = $1300

Algebraic Expressions 1 & 2
 Review
• Identify the names for the algebraic terms:

2x + 7y - 5
operators
variables
coefficients constants
Yellows are variables
Reds are coefficients
Greens are constants
Purples are operators
 Algebraic Expressions
Algebraic expressions can have constants & variables,
or only variables, but they cannot have only constants.
Which of the following are algebraic expressions?

5x2 × 2 7y + 3x x-h 17 × 78

7z × 2y 9×2 6y × 34
Expanding Using Coefficients & Powers
Sometimes to simplify you need to expand brackets ().
• When a coefficient is in front of brackets, it means multiply
everything inside by that number.
• If there is a power (like square x2 or cube x3) it tells you how
many times to multiply the brackets by itself.
2(a+b) (a+b)2
= (a+b) + (a+b) = (a+b) x (a+b)
= 2a + 2b = a2 + b2 + 2ab
 Combining Like Terms
You can simplify algebraic expressions by combining
like terms (terms that are the same).
• When simplifying, try to get as few operators (+, -, ×, ÷) as
possible.
• If variables have different indices/powers they are not the
same because the value of adding is not the same as
multiplying.

a + b + 2a + 4b a 2 + 3a+3 2a 2

= 3a + 5b = 3a2 + 3a3
 Substituting Variables
Substitute means to swap the variable for a value.

• Step 1: Replace the variable with the value.

• Step 2: Complete the operations to find the answer.
Example: Solve the expressions for a = 12.

10 + a 2a
10 + 12 = 22 2 x 12 = 24
Remember! Coefficients mean multiply (x)
 Solving with 2 Variables
Sometimes equations have two variables. Follow these
steps to solve:
• Step 1: Replace the known
If z = 6, solve for r:
variable with its value.
• Step 2: Use BIDMAS to simplify
5z + 7r = 79
all terms on the variable side of the (5 x 6) + 7r = 79
equation.
• Step 3: Use SAMDIB and reciprocals 30 + 7r = 79
to move all non-variable numbers to
the other side of the equal sign.
7r = 49
r=7
6) Simplify: 12x - 20 - 7x - 30

= 5x - 50

7) Find the value of the expression 12x + 2y when x = 3

and y = 8.
= 12(3) + 2(8) = 52
8) Expand and simplify: 22x(3x - 2y)

= 66x2 - 44xy
9) Given that a = 9 and b = 6, which one of the following
is true?

A. a + b = 14
B. b - a = 3
C. a2 = 72
D. ab = 54

10) What is the number without a variable called?

2x + 7y - 5

It’s called a “constant”

11) Which of the following is an algebraic expression?
A. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
B. 4y - 8
C. 3 + 2
D. 92 = 81

12) John is X years old. Katie is five years older than

John. Kelly is 1.5 times as old as Katie.
Write a simplified expression for the sum of their ages.

X + (X + 5) + 1.5(X + 5) = 3.5X + 12.5

Graphs 1 & 2
 Parts of a Graph
The point where the x-axis and y-axis meet (0,0) is
The
Thehorizontal
vertical line
lineininthe
thecoordinate
coordinateplane
planeisisthe
they-axis.
x-axis.
called the origin.

x-axis

Origin
(x = 0 & y = 0)

y-axis
 Parts of a Graph
The four sections of a graph are called quadrants. They are
numbered counterclockwise starting from the top right.

• Quadrant II: Top left • Quadrant I: Top right

quadrant. quadrant.
• Coordinates are (-, +). II I • Coordinates are (+, +).

• Quadrant III: Bottom • Quadrant IV: Bottom

left quadrant. right quadrant.
• Coordinates are (-, -). III IV • Coordinates are (+, -).
 Creating Data Tables
A data table shows us coordinates without having to draw
graph. Using the linear formula we can calculate the data:
If y = x + 1, substitute the values for each term:

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 3 4 5 6

xx == 2,
1,
3, yy == 21
4,
5, 3 ++ 11
4
5
 Creating Ordered Pairs
Now that we have a data table, we use the information to
make ordered pairs.
Write the coordinates (x, y):

x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 3 4 5 6

(1 , 2), (2 , 3), (3 , 4), (4 , 5), (5 , 6)

 Finding the Gradient
The gradient is the rate of change in a line
(i.e. the steepness of a line).

• We can use “rise over run” to

find the gradient of a line.
• The rise is the
change in y-coordinates.
• The run is the is the
change in x-coordinates.
 The Midpoint Formula
To find the midpoint (middle) of a line, use the
following formula:
The answer makes the coordinates for the midpoint.

x1 + x2
( 2
, y1 + y2
2 )
This makes the This makes the
x-coordinate y-coordinate
Linear Equation of a Line

y = mx + b

m = gradient
b = y-intercept.
13) What Quadrant is the point with coordinates (7, -6) on?
Quadrant IV (4)
14) The change in y coordinates (rise) divided by the
change in x coordinates (run) calculates what?

It calculates the gradient

15) What are the coordinates of the Origin?

(0,0)
16) What are the vertical and horizontal axis called on the
coordinate plane?
Vertical axis is called the Y-axis
Horizontal axis is called the X-axis

17) Identify the midpoint of this line:

(-4, 3)
18) What is the pair of coordinates if the linear equation is
y = x - 12, when x = 32?
(32, 20)

19) Identify the gradient of the linear equation:

y = 12x + 2

m = 12
12 is the gradient
20) Which of the following linear equation matches the
data table below? x 3 2 1 0 -1 -2
y 9 8 7 6 5 4
A. y = x + 6

21) Identify the graph

that represents the
linear equation y = x
Angles
 Types of Angles
Angles vary depending on the degree, and have
different names for different shapes of angle.
• A right angle is exactly 90°.
• An acute angle is less than 90°.
• An obtuse angle is more than 90°.
• A straight line is 180°.
• A reflex angle is more than 180°.
>180°
90° >90°
<90° 180°
 Types of Angles
Pairs or groups of angles can also have
special names:
• Adjacent angles are two Common
angles that have a ray
common vertex (point)
Common
and a common ray (side).
vertex
• Congruent angles have 300
the same size and shape. 300
 Types of Angles
• Complimentary angles
30° add up to 90°.
= 90° • They make a right angle.
60°

• Supplementary angles
add up to 180°.
= 180°
• They make a straight line. 80° 100°
 Calculating Angles
• Find the missing angles using your knowledge of angles.
• Do not use a protractor!

30° 85°
128° 52°
45°
50°

240°
 Corresponding Angles
The angles that parallel and transversal lines make can
be easy to solve if you recognise the types of angles:
• Corresponding angles (F-
shaped) are equal.

• This mean angles in the same

position on both parallel lines are
the same (congruent).
How many pairs of corresponding
angles do you see?
 Alternate Angles
• Alternate interior angles (Z-
shaped) are equal.

• This mean angles on opposite

sides of the transversal line are
the same (congruent).

• Alternate exterior angles are the same (congruent).

• These are formed on opposite sides of the transversal and
on the outside of the Z-shape.
 Opposite and Interior Angles
• Opposite angles (X-shaped) are
equal.
• This mean angles diagonally
opposite each other are the same
(congruent).

• Interior angles (C-

= 180° shaped) always add up to
180°.
22) Work out the value of X in the diagram below.

x = 150°

23) Work out the missing angle, X.

x = 109°
24) Identify the angle type:

Reflex angle

25) Angles 1 and 8 are what type of angles?

Alternate
exterior angles
25b)

127°
25°=

28°
Plans and Elevations
 Nets of 3D Shapes
A net is a 2D shape that can be folded to form
a 3D shape.
To draw a net:
1. Draw the base.
2. Add the faces that connect to
the base.
3. Finally, draw the top of the 3D
shape.
2cm 6cm

1 square = 1cm2 3cm

 Plans and Elevations
Plans and elevations are 2D drawings that
show a 3D shape from a specific view.
• Plans are the view of the Plan
shape from above.
• Front elevation is the
view of the shape from
the front.
• Side elevation is the
view of the shape from Front Side
the side.
 Plans and Elevations
Draw the plan, front elevation and side elevation:

Front Side
Plan elevation elevation
26) Identify the the net of the following 3D shape:
27) Draw the Net and identify the name, faces, edges,
and vertices of the 3D shape below.

2
3
6 E: ____
F: ____ 12 V: ____
8
Cuboid
Shape name: __________
28) Which of the following is the plan for the 3D shape
below?

A. B. C.
Circles 1 & 2
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

The center is a fixed point

in the middle of the circle.

center
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

The
Thecenter
circumference
is a fixedispoint
the
inperimeter
the middle
ofof
the
the
circle.
circle.

circumference
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

Thecenter
The
The radiusisisa afixed
circumference straight
ispoint
the
line from
inperimeter
the theofcenter
middle of
thethe to any
circle.
circle.
point on the circumference.

radius
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

The diameter is a straight

line joining any two points
on the circumference and
passing through the
center.

diameter
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

A chord is a straight line

joining any two points
on the circumference.

chord
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

A chord is a straight line

joining any two points
on the circumference.

not a chord
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

A chord is a straight line

joining any two points
on the circumference.

chord
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:
minor
An arc is part of arc
the circumference
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:

An arc is part of
the circumference

major arc
 Parts of a Circle
Draw and label the parts of a circle:
minor
sector
A sector is a region
bounded by an arc and
two radii.

Sectors can be major

(big) or minor (small).

What is this sector? major sector

 Circumference of a Circle
• To find the circumference (perimeter) of a circle,
use the formula:
C=2 r OR C= d

C = circumference
r = radius
= Pi (3.14...)
d = diameter
Remember! You can rearrange the
formula to find what you are looking for.
 Area of a Circle
To find the area (interior space) of a circle, use the formula:

A= r2
A = area (units must be squared, e.g. x2) AREA
r = radius
= Pi (3.14...)

Remember! You can rearrange the formula

to find what you are looking for
29) Identify the lines of the circle below.

Diameter
Radius

Diameter

Radius

Chord
30) Identify the regions bounded by 2 radii and an arc.

Major sector

Minor sector
31) Calculate the circumference of the circle below:

0 c m
2
C = 2 x 3.14 x 20cm
C = 125.6cm
32) Calculate the area of the circle below:

m
20c
A = 3.14 x (20cm)2
A = 1,256cm2