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Robotics

The document provides an overview of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting key figures like John McCarthy and various programming languages used in AI. It discusses the definition of robots, their applications in different fields, and the components of natural language processing (NLP). Additionally, it covers fuzzy logic, expert systems, and the potential future advancements in AI and robotics technology.

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Nick Singha
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19 views4 pages

Robotics

The document provides an overview of robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), highlighting key figures like John McCarthy and various programming languages used in AI. It discusses the definition of robots, their applications in different fields, and the components of natural language processing (NLP). Additionally, it covers fuzzy logic, expert systems, and the potential future advancements in AI and robotics technology.

Uploaded by

Nick Singha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Robotics

DEF: According to the father of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy, it is “The science and
engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs”.

History

John McCarthy is the father of Artificial Intelligence And developed the Lisp (List Processing)

Programming Language,

Artificial Intelligence developed during the Second World War.

Other big names in AI research Include Marvin Minsk , Allen Newell & Herbert Simon .

Languages used for AI


Lisp – List processing

Prolog -

Python

Java

C++

Parent disciplines of AI
It is a broad field with so many subareas. Control robotics, Machine Learning, mathematics,
neurobiology, imaging, physics.

A ROBOT is a mechanical or virtual artificial agent, usually an electro-mechanical machine that is


guided by a computer program or electronic circuitry. Robots can be autonomous or semi-
autonomous. A Robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own.

Examples of ROBOT

Honda's Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility (ASIMO) and TOSY’s TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot
(TOPIO) to Industrial robots, medical

operating robots, patent assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed Swarm robots,
UAV drones

AI NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Processing of Natural Language is required when you want an intelligent system like robot to
perform as per your instructions, when you want to hear decision from a dialogue based clinical
expert system, etc.

here are two components of NLP as given –

Natural Language Understanding (NLU)

Understanding involves the following tasks −


Mapping the given input in natural language into useful representations . Analyzing different
aspects of the language.

Natural Language Generation (NLG)

It is the process of producing meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of natural language
from some internal representation.

The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from
experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend complex
ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt new situations

Artificial intelligence- artificial system

Types of intelligence
Linguistic intelligence

Musical intelligence

Logical-mathematical intelligence

Spatial intelligence

Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence

Intra-personal intelligence

What is Fuzzy Logic?


Fuzzy Logic (FL) is a method of reasoning that resembles human reasoning. The approach of FL
imitates the way of decision making in humans that involves all intermediate possibilities between
digital values YES and NO.

possibilities between YES and NO, such as −

CERTAINLY YES

POSSIBLY YES

CANNOT SAY POSSIBLY NO CERTAINLY

Application Areas of Fuzzy Logic


Automotive Systems , Automatic Gearboxes Four-Wheel Steering, Vehicle environment control,
Consumer Electronic Goods, Hi-Fi Systems , Photocopiers, Still and Video Cameras, Television
Domestic Goods, Microwave Ovens, Refrigerators, Toasters, Vacuum Cleaners, Washing Machines,
Environment Control, Air Conditioners/Dryers/Heaters

Daily life application- Home Security, Bank, Post office Websites Digital cameras News and
publishing, Financial trades, Health and medicine, Games and toys

Fields of AI
Aviation & Automation:
NASA's fight research centre

Voice recognition in fighter

jets

Directions to A.I pilots through air traffic controllers

Automatic Gearing System in Cars

A.I In Military

UAV Drones, military soldiers alpha dogs automatic tanks

A.I In Medical Field


Medical robots are becoming more common in medical field. They have many uses including
:Helping doctors and patients. An example of robotics in medicine today is laser eye surgery

Robotics:
Assembling Robots

Welding Robots

Behavior based robotics

Dancing Robots

Robot navigation

A.I in House Hold and Entertainment


These robots are used for house cleaning, serving , assisting people and Etc…

AI in finance and trading


Banks use artificial intelligence systems to organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage
properties. In August 2001, robots beat humans in a simulated financial trading competition

What are Expert Systems?


The expert systems are the computer applications developed to solve complex problems in a
particular domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human intelligence and expertise.

Characteristics of Expert Systems

High performance

Understandable

Reliable

Highly responsive

Components of Expert Systems


The components of Expert System include −
Knowledge Base

Interface Engine

User interface

Drawbacks

Limited Ability

Slow Real Time Response

Can’t Handle Emergency Situation

Difficult code

High Cost

Conclusion….
Finally, as the technology Improves, there will be new ways to use robots with A.I which will bring
new hopes and new potential

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