ENG 2208 11 LECTURE 1

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN

LANGUAGE EDUCATION

DR. E.D. BERNARDO

 TECHNOLOGY
•

•
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical aims
of human life or, as it is sometimes phrased, to change and manipulate
the human environment.

Educational technology is defined as a systematic way of designing,

carrying out and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in
terms of specific objectives and employing a combination of human and
technical resources to bring about more effective instruction.
Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating
learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing
appropriate technological processes and resources.
Educational Technology is a field that integrates technology into teaching
and learning processes to enhance student outcomes. This includes the
fundamental concepts, tools, and strategies of educational technology,
enabling them to effectively utilize technology in their educational
endeavors.
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer, such as input
devices, output devices, CPU, memory, and motherboard.

Software is the intangible part that provides instructions to the

hardware, including operating systems, applications, programming
languages, and utilities.

Common computer devices include computers, laptops, tablets,

smartphones, and interactive whiteboards.
In simpler terms, hardware
is the physical parts of a
computer, while software is
the instructions that tell the
hardware what to do.
Learning Management Systems (LMS) are online platforms for managing
and delivering educational courses. They offer features for course
management, student enrollment, communication, content delivery,
assessment, reporting, and integration with other tools. Popular LMS
examples include Moodle, Canvas, Blackboard, and Google Classroom.
Educational software and apps offer a diverse range of features to
enhance learning. They include LMS for course management, content
creation tools, assessment tools, language learning apps, math and
science apps, coding and programming apps, and VR/AR apps. These
tools can create engaging and effective learning experiences.
Key Factors for Choosing Educational Software

When selecting educational software, consider its alignment with

curriculum goals, ease of use for both students and teachers,
affordability, and compatibility with existing technology. These factors
ensure a smooth and effective learning experience.
Instructional design is a systematic process of creating effective learning
experiences. It involves analyzing needs, setting objectives, selecting
strategies, assessing progress, and evaluating overall impact. By following
these components, educators can ensure efficient, engaging, and
meaningful learning.
Technology has transformed education by enabling personalized
learning, engaging experiences, effective collaboration, timely feedback,
inclusive learning, and staying updated with technological advancements.
Educators can employ these strategies to create more effective and
impactful learning environments.
CALL or Computer
Assisted Language
Learning
History of
CALL
Advantages
of CALL
Types of CALL
Popular CALL
software
Future of
CALL
BLENDED
LEARNING
 Blended
Learning:
Definitions
and Related
Concepts
 What is blended learning?
Blended learning combines traditional classroom teaching with online learning. Models include
rotation, flex, a la carte, and enriched virtual.
Types of blended
learning models
Blended learning can be categorized
into four models: rotation, flex, a la
carte, and enriched-virtual. Each with
its unique benefits.
 ADVANTAGES OF BLENDED
LEARNING

Flexibility in terms of time, place, and pace.

Personalization of learning experiences to meet

individual needs.

Greater engagement and interaction through the use

of multimedia and technology tools.
CHALLENGES OF BLENDED
LEARNING

Balancing online and face-to-face instruction.

Ensuring all students have access to technology.

Maintaining a sense of community and engagement

among students and between students and
instructors.
 Learning
Management
Systems (LMS)
LMS allows for easy
administration, monitoring, and
tracking of online learning
activities. It also provides
personalized learning experiences
and offers a variety of tools and
resources to enhance the learning
process.
 Flipped
Classroom
In a flipped classroom, students
watch lectures or instructional
videos at home and use class time
to apply what they've learned.
 Personalized Learning
Personalized learning combines technology, data, and teacher instruction to create a customized
learning experience for each student.
 Gamification
Gamification is the use of game-based elements such as competition, points, and rewards to
motivate and engage learners in the learning process.
The Role of Technology in Language Education
• a) Modern Approach to Language Learning
• b) Mobile-Assisted Language Learning
• c) Multimedia and Language Learning
• d) Many Applications for Learning Languages

b) Mobile-Assisted Language Learning.

MALL refers to the use of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets to
facilitate language learning.
2. Which of the following best demonstrates how technology supports
individualized learning in language education?

A) Group discussions using a virtual whiteboard

B) Adaptive language learning apps like Duolingo or Rosetta Stone
C) Watching foreign language films in a classroom setting
D)Attending traditional lectures on grammar rules

B) Adaptive language learning apps like Duolingo or Rosetta Stone

Adaptive language learning apps use algorithms to adjust the difficulty and
focus areas based on a learner's progress, providing a personalized and self-
paced learning experience.
3. Which of the following is an example of a Learning
Management System (LMS)?

• a) Facebook
• b) YouTube
• c) Google Docs
• d) Moodle

d) Moodle.
Moodle stands for Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment.
It is a popular open-source Learning Management System (LMS) used by
educators, organizations, and individuals worldwide. Moodle provides a
platform for creating online courses, managing learning activities, tracking
student progress, and facilitating communication and collaboration.
• a) Television
• b) Radio
• c) Smartphones
• d) Newspapers

c) Smartphones.
Smartphones have revolutionized how we consume news and information.
They provide instant access to news updates, social media, and a wealth of
online resources, making them a dominant force in modern media
consumption.
5. In CALL, which of the following is an example of a collaborative
language learning tool?

A) Flashcard-based vocabulary apps

B) Virtual reality simulations for language practice
C) Online discussion boards or wikis
D)Grammar-focused drill software

C) Online discussion boards or wikis

Collaborative tools like discussion boards and wikis enable learners to interact
and work together on language tasks, aligning with the communicative and
collaborative focus of modern CALL.
• a) By restricting learning to traditional classrooms
• b) By providing access to limited resources
• c) By offering immediate access to the internet and various language-
learning apps
• d) By limiting interaction and collaboration opportunities

c) By offering immediate access to the internet and various language-learning apps. This
option describes how technology can enhance language learning, not hinder it. Access to
the internet provides a wealth of resources like online dictionaries, grammar guides,
language learning platforms, and authentic materials (videos, podcasts, etc.).Language-
learning apps offer interactive exercises, personalized learning paths, and opportunities
for practice and feedback
• a) Behavioristic CALL
• b) Communicative CALL
• c) Integrative CALL
• d) Adaptive CALL

b) Communicative CALL. Communicative CALL is an approach to computer-

assisted language learning that focuses on developing learners' ability to use
the target language for real-world communication. It emphasizes interaction,
authentic materials, and task-based activities.
• a) By replacing teachers with computer programs
• b) By using only online platforms for instruction
• c) By integrating face-to-face teaching and online learning
• d) By completely eliminating face-to-face interactions

c) By integrating face-to-face teaching and online learning.

This option reflects a blended learning approach, which is a modern and effective way to
leverage technology in education. It combines the benefits of traditional classroom
instruction with the flexibility and resources of online learning platforms. Options a), b), and
d) all represent extreme or limiting approaches to technology integration in education, which
are not generally considered the most effective.
9. What role does a Learning Management System (LMS) play in language
education?

• a) It provides language translation services

• b) It enables collaborative language creation
• c) It facilitates the management of course content, assignments, and
assessments
• d) It offers real-time language proficiency testing
c) It facilitates the management of course content, assignments, and assessments. LMS stands for Learning
Management System. Its core function is to provide a platform for educators to: Manage course content:
Upload and organize learning materials, such as textbooks, presentations, videos, and assignments. Deliver
assignments: Assign tasks to students, set deadlines, and collect submissions. Track student progress:
Monitor student activity, grades, and overall performance. Facilitate communication: Enable
communication between instructors and students through forums, messaging, and other tools. While some
LMSs might offer features like translation services or language proficiency testing, they are not the primary
functions of an LMS.
10. How does technology impact the boundaries between learning and
leisure time in language education?

• a) It separates learning and leisure completely

• b) It eliminates the need for leisure activities
• c) It blurs the lines between learning and leisure, allowing for more
integrated experiences
• d) It decreases the importance of leisure activities

c) It blurs the lines between learning and leisure, allowing for more integrated experiences.
Gamification is the process of applying game mechanics and design principles to non-game contexts.
This can include incorporating elements like points, rewards, challenges, and competition into learning
activities. This approach can make learning more engaging and enjoyable, blurring the lines between
learning and leisure. When learning is fun and rewarding, it becomes less of a chore and more of an
enjoyable experience. Options a), b), and d) are incorrect because gamification generally aims to
enhance learning, not separate it from leisure or diminish its importance.
11. What is a key advantage of using virtual reality (VR) in language
education?

A) Simplifying grammar rules for beginners

B) Offering immersive environments for real-world language practice
C) Reducing the need for face-to-face interactions
D)Eliminating the need for textbooks and written materials

B) Offering immersive environments for real-world language practice

VR provides realistic, immersive settings where learners can practice language skills
in simulated real-life contexts, such as navigating a marketplace or having
conversations with native speakers.
12. Who is widely considered the "father of the computer" for designing
the first mechanical computer?

A) Alan Turing
B) Charles Babbage
C) John von Neumann
D)Ada Lovelace

B) Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage designed the first mechanical computer, known as the Analytical
Engine, in the 19th century, which laid the foundation for modern computing.
13. Which of the following was the first commercially successful mobile
phone?

A) Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

B) Nokia 3310
C) Apple iPhone 3G
D)BlackBerry 850

A) Motorola DynaTAC 8000X

Released in 1983, the Motorola DynaTAC 8000X was the first mobile phone
available for commercial use. It marked the beginning of the mobile phone industry,
despite its large size and limited functionality.
14. What was the significance of the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer) in computer history?

A) It was the first computer to use transistors.

B) It was the first programmable mechanical computer.
C) It was the first general-purpose electronic computer.
D)It introduced the graphical user interface (GUI).

C) It was the first general-purpose electronic computer.

ENIAC, completed in 1945, was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It
was capable of performing a variety of tasks, making it a significant milestone in the
development of computing.
SPECIAL QUESTION
15. Who is often credited as one of the key inventors of the Internet?

A. Tim Berners-Lee
B. Vint Cerf
C. Alan Turing
D. Steve Jobs

B. Vint Cerf
Vint Cerf, along with Robert Kahn, is widely recognized as one of the key figures in the
development of the Internet. They co-designed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
the Internet Protocol (IP), which are fundamental technologies that enable data transmission
across networks. Tim Berners-Lee, mentioned in option A, is known for inventing the World
Wide Web, which is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
Alan Turing and Steve Jobs made significant contributions in their respective fields but were
not directly involved in the creation of the Internet.
16. Which theory emphasizes the role of social interaction in learning,
particularly in a technology-enhanced language classroom?

A) Behaviorism
B) Sociocultural Theory
C) Cognitive Load Theory
D)Universal Grammar

B) Sociocultural Theory
Sociocultural Theory, developed by Vygotsky, highlights the importance of social
interaction and collaboration in learning. Technology, such as online discussion
forums and collaborative tools, facilitates interaction and shared knowledge in
language education.
17. Which theory best supports the use of gamification in language
learning apps?

A) Constructivism
B) Behaviorism
C) Connectionism
D)Interactionist Theory

B) Behaviorism
Behaviorism, which focuses on stimulus-response learning and reinforcement,
underpins the use of gamification elements like rewards, points, and levels in
language apps to encourage and reinforce desired learning behaviors.
18. What theory underlies the design of adaptive learning systems in
language education, where learners progress at their own pace based
on personalized feedback?

A) Cognitive Load Theory

B) Universal Grammar
C) Constructivism
D)Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

D) Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The ZPD, a concept from Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, is the range of tasks
learners can perform with guidance but not yet independently. Adaptive learning
systems tailor content and feedback to help learners progress within their ZPD.
19. What is one of the key features of the "communicative phase" in the
history of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)?

A) Drill-and-practice exercises for grammar and vocabulary

B) Integration of multimedia to support authentic communication
C) Use of AI-based personalized learning systems
D)Development of programming languages for linguistic research

B) Integration of multimedia to support authentic communication

The communicative phase of CALL focused on promoting authentic language use,
incorporating multimedia tools like videos and audio to create realistic
communicative contexts for learners.
20. Which technological advancement significantly contributed to the
rise of Web-based CALL in the 1990s?

A) The development of personal computers

B) The introduction of Learning Management Systems (LMS)
C) The widespread availability of the Internet
D)The invention of multimedia compact discs (CD-ROMs)

C) The widespread availability of the Internet

Web-based CALL emerged as the Internet became widely accessible, allowing
learners to engage in online language activities, communicate with native speakers,
and access authentic materials.
BONUS QUESTION
Who are the founders of Google?

A. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

B. Larry Page and Sergey Brin
C. Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin
D. Bill Gates and Paul Allen

B. Larry Page and Sergey Brin

They founded Google in 1998 in a Stanford University dorm room. The
company quickly grew into one of the most influential tech giants in the
world, known for its search engine and other online services.
BONUS QUESTION

Who is often referred to as the "father of artificial intelligence"?

A. Alan Turing
B. John McCarthy
C. Marvin Minsky
D. Geoffrey Hinton

B. John McCarthy
While Alan Turing and Marvin Minsky are also considered pioneers in AI, John
McCarthy is widely credited with coining the term "artificial intelligence" and
organizing the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, which is often seen as the
birth of AI research.