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Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial for IC-114 Linear Algebra at the Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, covering various topics such as the Gauss-Seidel method, vector spaces, subspaces of matrices, and spanning sets in R3. It includes specific problems to solve, such as checking the solvability of systems of equations, determining vector spaces over fields, and verifying properties of matrices. The tutorial emphasizes fundamental concepts in linear algebra and their applications.

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Asif Raza
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1 views

Tutorial 4

The document outlines a tutorial for IC-114 Linear Algebra at the Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, covering various topics such as the Gauss-Seidel method, vector spaces, subspaces of matrices, and spanning sets in R3. It includes specific problems to solve, such as checking the solvability of systems of equations, determining vector spaces over fields, and verifying properties of matrices. The tutorial emphasizes fundamental concepts in linear algebra and their applications.

Uploaded by

Asif Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi

Kamand, Himachal Pradesh - 175005

IC-114 Linear Algebra (2024-25)


Tutorial-4

1. Check whether we can solve the following system using the Gauss-Seidel method.
If yes, take the initial approximation as x0 = (0, 0, 0) and perform three iterations.
(a) (b)
2x1 − x2 = 7, 2x + 3y − z = 1,
−x1 + 2x2 − x3 = 1, 5x + 2y + 2z = −2,
−x2 + 2x3 = 1. 3x + 5y + 4z = 6.

2. Let C, and R, be the fields of complex and real numbers, respectively. Which of the
following forms a vector space with usual addition and usual multiplication?

(a) C over C.
(b) R over C.
(c) Q over R.

3. Let M2×2 (R) be the set of all 2 × 2 matrices with real entries:
( " # )
a b
M2×2 (R) = A= | a, b, c, d ∈ R .
c d

We define matrix addition and scalar multiplication as follows:


" # " # " #
a+e b+f αa αb e f
A+B = , αA = , where α ∈ R, B = .
c+g d+h αc αd g h
Show that M2×2 (R) forms a vector space with the operations, matrix addition, and
scalar multiplication.

4. Let V = Mn (R) be a vector space of all the n × n matrices with real entries. Which of
the following is/are subspace of V ?

(a) W1 = {A ∈ V : A is invertible}.
(b) W2 = {A ∈ V : A is singular}.
(c) W3 = {A ∈ V : A is skew symmetric}.

5. In each part, determine which of the following subsets are the subspaces of R3 .

1
(a) A = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 = x2 }.
(b) B = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 : x1 ≤ x2 ≤ x3 }.

6. Show that the only subspaces of R are {0} and R.

7. Determine whether the vectors v1 = (1, −1, 4), v2 = (−2, 1, 3), and v3 = (4, −3, 5) span
R3 ?

8. Verify that the matrices


" # " # " # " #
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
A1 = , A2 = , A3 = , A4 =
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1

span M2 (R), the space of all 2 × 2 real matrices.

9. Let U and W be vector spaces over a field K. Let V be the set of ordered pairs (u, w)
where u ∈ U and w ∈ W . Show that V is a vector space over K with the following
defined operations:

(u, w) + (u′ , w′ ) = (u + u′ , w + w′ )

k(u, w) = (ku, kw).

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