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This module covers the structure and function of cells, emphasizing that all living organisms are made up of cells which perform essential functions. It discusses cell theory, types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), organelles and their functions, cellular processes like photosynthesis and respiration, and the mechanisms of cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Understanding these concepts is vital for advancements in medicine and biotechnology.

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Regine Duardo
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11 views1 page

Module 01docx

This module covers the structure and function of cells, emphasizing that all living organisms are made up of cells which perform essential functions. It discusses cell theory, types of cells (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), organelles and their functions, cellular processes like photosynthesis and respiration, and the mechanisms of cell division (mitosis and meiosis). Understanding these concepts is vital for advancements in medicine and biotechnology.

Uploaded by

Regine Duardo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module: The Structure and Function of Cells

Introduction:
Cells are the basic units of life. All living organisms are composed of cells, which carry out essential
functions. This module explores cell types, structures, and key processes such as cellular respiration
and division.

Section 1: Cell Theory


- The Cell Theory states that:
- All living things are made up of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- Contributions of scientists like Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, and Theodor Schwann.

Section 2: Types of Cells


- Prokaryotic Cells: Simple cells without a nucleus (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryotic Cells: Complex cells with a nucleus and organelles (e.g., plant and animal cells).

Section 3: Cell Organelles and Their Functions


Nucleus – Stores genetic material (DNA).
Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell; produces energy (ATP).
Ribosomes – Synthesize proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Processes and transports proteins (Rough ER) and lipids (Smooth ER).
Golgi Apparatus – Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
Lysosomes – Break down waste materials.
Cell Membrane – Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.
Cell Wall (in plants) – Provides structure and protection.
Chloroplasts (in plants) – Carry out photosynthesis.

Section 4: Cellular Processes


Photosynthesis – Conversion of sunlight into energy in plants.
Cellular Respiration – Process of generating ATP from glucose and oxygen.
Diffusion & Osmosis– Movement of molecules and water across membranes.

Section 5: Cell Division


Mitosis– Division of somatic (body) cells for growth and repair.
Meiosis– Formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells) for reproduction.

Conclusion
Cells are the foundation of life, performing vital functions and enabling organisms to survive and
reproduce. Understanding cellular processes is crucial in fields like medicine and biotechnology.

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