RxVip 8 a is : ry nB-| 0 4 Shp ~7/5 0-302 1 -3 O a-9d. 2 -1-42 Rg > Ry t(32-2)Rp ABefi a-t lowe 0 1 38h “ay iz O° -1449-6 9 a.5% 18 | AB= C a-1 oO oT Os, rsleeaeiac 3/6 OO gante [=e TO Osean Te naa Ry —> Rg -G-atea) Ry 120 =| clan eee org 2he 5 0 0 Gah Wt-ea o to 8 oO Ape[! act o 4 © 1 Bq 7A | 9 0 Gate te9 2 o 5 saat 1 io fas “ataat 10 Rs > Ry x10 | 2 ale f Awe]! Act o 4 0. 1 Bho -21s5 ' o Q. ’ 9-602 0. @ Satay 3c!0 —BA PBA MT 10 -gategatil =O 9 = -3t [a-4x-34ll ax-3 | san wt we & beta 63% =O +f Sgeroy tar = b 2xt 34 -5y = ‘eno havea aalution only iF atbec =0.dolve the equations qPuULa=O b=| and ce-l. {| a5 | * R-9 Reg | eae aR | o pi-M Bee... ine given system is consioiy et) =eCa:a)=2 = arbre =0 | x. @y+ 2g = arab | y -3 = -9a-sb 14 x When a=0,b2 1 and cj X-8yt Fa 2g 28) Nia hae | 4 NeesEL=s ja X= 3(k-Hq)t tk=g 2 - 9k +40 e 40 43k =2 x-k=2-40 Eigen Values anol Cigeh vectou:- het A be ONKOL mateix op cad nlf thas. exist a non | 40 cwlouron mataix % op Grol Qa ; Px1 and calor A euch | ABE} eS 2:5 3 a | ees b yh a seh ={ % Ri Ritarg fi =a 3 avab 3-5 2 b 2. Sie 5 Lc: PRR Ry >Ra-2R, v ee ey ar2b 0 19 om) 9 14 cents] tk URE +} -¢ F- Qt2b . 14 19 -8a-54) 9 0 aqebre}) ab a4 “24-25 crath “| Find toe that ~ AX = 1X Xi6 ued an ein woe ‘Then, X 1 A and 4 io cated eigen vatue of A ‘Note:- Dit IA-AT| cr-a)(2-a) -3.2 20 | ‘ | 2+a*-%4-6 =O DA ga-4 =O | y ert ee | Lonsidring | eal ; a2 stl (ae ate | gonial (A - at) x EZ0l (3? 2)0] (3 \ | For.ae -! me 2 71Pe7 =f? V3 2yelsLe] | go $24] 2 FS ee] SB axtay 20 @ gxtdued x ty 20 ek ‘ EP oer | ae Bele is Gigenvecton conrespon ding to Awol | CS Ape . 7 Ber2y =0 oe- 24 =O| Ddx-ay=0 aia —-12— 84-32 5 Pusking yok C — =2,2,3 apth gacthe ) 3x 22k \s Find. eiqyovalies ard ei 00th Co Deed dasa) 50. 2 22k sity U-aDx=0 cannesponding tiqu> vecinas fox [+ 3 +] ee SIGH We rota “Te ecaean WS / pe CME fi = 2 vectors for a zi Aart 2 olf e | oto 5 Pager too 1 ntl 4 elo do. i 5 {| a -1|-Alo to 1dL3 ° la-atl=0 4 ie tae } SS 0 a al! | 2-l eae il -aneeen | | im | 4x-14 193 =0- Segre g 1 ys tenia [PY Serica ee [; és AI] [:] eee rua feie to Gl 0 oO Meee i a 4 o-l-é ls 1 Ry DRathy ae act eo. @ i ' Otel =t-i Fi 4 oO 1 0 1-i 4-443 =0 4-40 net y -k 1-k 220 Ae Ah (a-at)x = 0 lle Fenelon fur Reese, | abe is OO) -t-i (IL Rie Ro Re (IDR Ri Refi “FT | Fox A= -t (a-ax=0 (flee ! é ha eoueing Ro Rj eet) a -1 af i ey -itt ' 0 gull fo Echuloio foarn, | ce Ra Ry Lui) Ry Rs 2Rs4R, =te cei a) itl | | | | Ry > Ry- Citi) Re —y aa s = — 2 o Ss oBiagonabieakion: - Given a aquare mataix A, the paacess of finding & non-aingusan matnix ? auch that PAP i6 a, diagonat matrix i called diagonalis- Jation of A. Asepe_invalvedl:~ J] Fina woe eigenvalues . D) Find the corres ponding eigen vectors. 3) aontte tne mataix P se tokumne ane -X,,;Xo,--+- and 40 on. | Find BVPTARUD he "eunacndhrnane -| ADiagonabioe the ond the diagonal entalés ane eigen values 7 Az and ao al. moaknix 2 72 ‘| 1 1 I Ae if 322 [a-azl =o a-a -2 3 ’ ia) eee =o 1 3 Aged (2-0) [om sca) <3] 2 (1-9) +3 (3 -- a4 0 (2-7) pene ] +2(-a-2)6 3(2+A) =0 On [Cah ]- 20-4468 2) [2a -4) +2 4242-0 2736-316 43-34 ao 21 F-98449 ~29- 446459 -4earrtssdA -c <0 Ae-aarSAre =0 7 bo -5) (2-3) (0% 9-2) = 3 0 4 2 q 2 tb Vind, Td 3 Rad?) er DS PD = -1ts aonfos 28 [a-az] x, = 9 -l -2 7 2 A 3 | Reducing. to Echelon foaro Rees Ry Poe R, > Re AR Rs > Ra-Ro ‘sim pecs Rae Rex- My g ; ae [ o a M4 o oO o xtay43 70 ead? 14ytZ =0 het gg =t ay et Mia ne tat sO ne + A4/iq > x ola | tg [1% Wa | + <4 tlie 414 p-TP. ou 4-4-4314 120 £2 shale he eo]? ge ae Dagar Ry RAPER Ra Re / 21-47) yop [2 “2\ aa] -[ontee © a\snel Et O71 evaM 0 1 9 -sha [: L afi [E Yo Hy oO 2 aif eine t Ry—> Ro-2Re 10 le [ ene [> 4 thy [ve vey? a '9/14 pages o -8h4 [ok ise : aa “Yo Yoo [: “44 144 R, ee a> a take Via x ORL a) Mig ~%s ths Mh Bi bs Yo ~%e a me hg “Via a -44, tHe‘ -u/g fs ee jJ2 72 7 sy few mesF rlap f 4 ok Sle - 8 ic fed he, 1-6 HG se , 1-4) [i 20 othe Mh 2:4 1 sla Ys Bis Hs on aa ell! gp vette eh? 4 Yo% nb nays Me SMa eni te | ao g wha} |! 0 [seg 155° shat Pato cad ‘ i | cone iM sett | | Be v s (0-6 Yo Ye P =23 #A\ \ ike p.> Plo a Va a 26 .ac.\ Pp 5 -l iy) | 2 1 a1 \y 1 a Li] 6 4 yi oa aa a a eieaiceaa @ 1 ae t | ‘< “| 1 tal o 564, 8%: [Jo t Sha [2 le ‘| as p> RNS va] [Le 2 eat EW 3958 271 a ee ee He 20 } = cca Ne Yel | Ryo RitRa |} 1% 2 ot. Bl ]-v2 Ya gi age . [foo 1} Lo Ye M5 ts Mee |] \ ous | [lo Yo of -5b/, 2H] is ! R22 82-6 Rs 3 1 seh Ve no}! e pe civer wena \ asin lL! on * [: ; fs 5g Ys eels Bo dl 14 haces Vai 10 -cha| fl Ry > RAGRS O le 5/ig fe sea} boo Tues Yo Ves 9 9. 6/14 “ie 10 0 @ 1 0f*|-Ve ee -Va Pp Ry 2 18-Ry gro] ?|) oo 1} Lo Me se ae ir tr 0 oot Ry R,-Rs a Lseha| fe 2% 1 0 0] [ue o 0! ho itis | Ce : fi ee = 0a) ® Ry R- FR : 0 @ ° 1 ag ts. a Y ae A-/s Fle Ys Lut 4 , rs a { a a) = “has | a Fa A we : seem Ue toh el ee of 5; Vy) 9) a ee | “i ' tt Lo -tHrH Ry 9 BARDEN 1 26 steer| Note. cBiaganadisation io possible Ont jib eigon veelos axe sineoaly | independent. Case ti- ohen eigen values ane distinct, | sor he eigen vectors axe tineauly endary. Hence. ,diaganaisal-) I jion io possible « (Case 2:- ohun cigin values ane ino dlistinck , iagonalisation 16 possible only ip the eigen vectond consespanding b he nepeoced eigen valuco ant made to be Lneady independ QT? £4 Lio a cane 2 Pao Wat PAP \ a. disgonal mataix. a iA-aTl=0 aa 4 19 z 2 | oy 2. 12g jptealfisade-a-]-2(2-a -/) +1 ( g-(3-a)] > (2-a)\(o04t-99-21-2] - (1-4) | +1(4-) 5(2-A) (1259 +4) - (2-24)t i. ¢ -1-a) «Find the mata D208 19441 8-2'459-4A)- 24 404) why 3-784 Fae ah-Fat tia -5 5 0 | KH ateoats =0 qe tch Voe-Fx5 462 Vacay| pee ee 2 aa =t634 45 on +1 xray +520 a oki y =k, | x shy -dka when ki 20, kool Xerg aso 0) oe 0% | bye 81> -YaRa eae Ryo Rg - 48a p=IP Rp Ret SR a 10 8 oles. ayn oat Ya 2/4 Va, o 10 -20 |P Cae ° Vp “Uy a | F Ya 2/q a4 Yq “val iE “Va -2/q 9/4) = V4 4/4 V4)! cayey Hamilton Theorem... a Cayley_Hamiton enn x RUS ° 30 048 =i, i a A, ee, Aquat, MaIrk aatigi, i ae ee 5 23} (ie 24 30 ; i 8] ite chownctuione equation }) vaity Cayley Hamilton 34 0 s5ilt8 0 #8 them and use it to 20 ale t'} a 5 zt Cn joa pap =y| a : Tog fDvety ued Harton Toy) find A fou given | c [3 cae 3 Qs 2 ee laeee fon tne mat afl ove | all jr ge 1 = e ao 4h)" a1 pZh-}) 2, “1 L ae 3 } cnet | 0 ae = ee td Incas = , 5 105 1L% | 4 cosocterane equation 1% | 1-a 0 2 NO-GASETA HaT20 «yf 9 0 Ja-arl= On 2E Arata o rs A> 4oA8-FA = jl2 0 sa Ae ah i o 40 1-4 | af : ALAR =0 faneaaitaee AaB I a ry sal st] oan } é i “Baste =0 12018 i To vedty Coitery Harnitkon 8 #4 2 | $ 013 Diagonakire the followin A8e cat imatht = 0 a % | these, we check iF aft 0 O]4 matnix. AX5A-2L =0 oe ae 2 20 er Da Rea 1 Rt xe: | 2 tie Pict Oat =F \ cio 34 //34 : 9. =e l - 2 aie i wey As|% 4 6 =[z eo e LA als 4] A yy (ANGAHAT] z E = f-73 0 @ ; feels saa ot i [i Qo 34 L. 2 so a4) | 12 3 2g 1-0 @ - $ ay AX bA-ar= aa! sf rein ee fe sae { t es gs o ws aa} Lis AA a4 ne 7 A Gh*eFAt2T=O | eoystuy Harnilion eon 14-24 ! | =r Fuathe. dupuits that” Ae en AM ae: ne| pei) | ond hence find Al? [a-azl= oO 1-200 We Shy sa) jcea) Cael) 22 (yt -a%4a)=0 aeateats 2 AAP EART =O. AS = AMAT WA =AtA- BATA pe ente nt = (AtHA-E) FAUA 2,24%- £ 5-u) awe use rrasneroarical noluctsan bo declare A. natin) T -cs) bb nza, At 2 2A2 I ciuppode (2) ip hue fox nek g: ASM eA (kd) T¢3) Te prove ag 4 AH. G41) At -kT ' wee = Gan te: D)a? Chaore) =UA* (ki) At =k (244-7) -(K-)A* £kA*- KD kate A? Conwen jp ue oro | 2 | Sg = kAtHA*KT = (+i) A*- kT = RHB Hence , dedluctol nied. A 2x50 50 At-(44)AT 50A*-44 7 7 PaO s 00 50 50 0 -50 9'60 wos [ls 00 4 [zo | 50 01 ‘using Cowley Hamilten theowrn, pnd §—4® 2202 1C5A* a» w qunctatic potynonsial in tame d Aowhue A= erosasenialic cap is | 18-AT|20. : o4 rn) Qo i-2 4 4-9] 44900 “| 0 440 0 0 4a} ->{G-a) anit Casale) =0 -.[4-5 at 22} + (942024). ~42.46972545 -20 29 ahertecred -0 | 2 pA2eGar5 IO | wo peapatcater | Arh aree4c 5a” j2 a 27(6A2.6 AFBI) HA | =a = A595 ASH 62 A -135TH65A 39Ar 41624-13952 #5 =A 70H) a A?(54*-¢A +51) -20A He2y, -1965 BALCH 5 AX 26AMICLA- | 1965 | BA( Sk CA +6T)-CASFOA? tie2A-135 F 25A3-304%425 A-GA> 6507 | HIGZA=136T 0 Iq Ad weg At +1 8FA-BSL 45 14{5A7 ent5T) een” oN rt +18FA -136 Q5At- 4h 45 T- oo PPEIEEA (cu aoe on? + ESA-40ES . ¢ -b7 . drow by Seta 4 =a one | Laytey Hamctton theosera, AP = — Carre 4c A Lie eayation ie, he crasackenio \v-azleo Ss. -afAtrat] -c [ea-abl~b [actba] Oe ~a8-nat-c#Atabe -abe -L*A=¢ Ase atatb?a 407A 0 AS pote+erete be c)A=0 At = -Corebtect) A “oft_ rhe matuix Final the oajoin 2 ped A= [408 x 27 Homitkon neon, Lawley Chosacktistic equation. la-atl=o ley ea pas | a =! =0 heya Neal » on) [ca ~ cor] a [rte ls (ez i \@-) [4-42 ea¥i] (+ -ae7e) fn) P aa) avant) (a) +1) = aA) CALAAtBD 22-2 =OBAM BEE 2744 A* BH IIE Dent aatt = 0 at cne4aga-t 70 Ao oAt ah 410 bd agp aaret AT 2AicArt9A artoata 444! | Reuse Propeskies of exgervatice ny Eigen vect0rs.- ~ constant! of ty The chaieteniotic polypornio) matnix A Wo tne dekeamnngg, lof A Proa: ~ the chaiactestle poluren| i6 give by la-arl>a 260" 0, Leen Put A=0 lal = en re, the epnetank tum of the chouactuielic potynonil fo toe deteminant of kK. | aE iy at ae! Pay = 2(4-i)+(-241)4(1-2) = Gt-24ltl-2 a4 2 AT x de (A) =m eMail ia Reus a2 ° of A 0-165 an eigen value! F and o IFA i6 bingutar. Puoors BD > Ale én (By previous Ma SiN <0 louver aco @ : + chasacteuntton Ditlio =e A Ts stingeten | | 5 ! } | Teme t 3)Fox a given exgenvecton, hae. conreap and nly one roa Convide maxi & will etyn vockon | * ber A, and A, be the connes-| kx io an eigenvetton ork 2 J Pnopury 5° and %_ au, two egenvecton ' | |e x, ponduins a values to AX ele =A,k comespondiny to on croen uals om : | 12, then X, 4 %_ ie aloo -a7 Sq EAS | yi ton a oa => (a,-a)¥ =0 Kee ; Pool: Sa | Given, X, ard Xa aa rasa exgenv- | ectons coampanding te -elgenvall a | ecgenvalue io unique: | axe ara ard 30 | rio) | comusponding * ap expr | | Axa = kD cD) | veeron a) He) | seh xae Oe J| Propary_4:- lee ae | IF is an eigenve eee ali 1 Vs edu tase al olng an eye | conacapanaing * eigen v Z ¢ | : | eign vector_cotreapord ng 4g, then KX 10 2490 an to > (x #9) Prook! = giver x Ib eigen vector work Ax = ax UD fo paove AUK) =2.(kx’) A(x) = K(AX) = k (AX Promil ater) | vecron oF a |

(ay-a)x = 9 Bur xk O DAA =o Dem Buk giver 1,8 As au dishing “h contiaciiction anise. «vey vCard av(ar) => IF 2 ip an: expenvaluue op toe. marx A, then a* ip also ap Ggnvalue of At Paoat = gwen AX AX =U) W Prenoulkiply will A Ax) = ACax) ACAx) = 9(AX) ter A(kx) = 2CAx) 9 Cerom hex = 92K >) 9 ih an eigenvalue of A} jPropety ¥:- (IF 9 18 an eipeovalue of the. matrix A, then 4/, % On i Propety a= Poop given 4 16 on gerry he mataix A, => AX =AX 0) Te prove A“X = lax > A'Ax = Ax) > Ix =4"(ax) 7 Ax Ya | . f Cigunvalue op a. | | | | A Pasrmultiptiy wuitn gt | | | If Aw fhe eigenvalue of A, then, Yqr due (A) io an eigen value of adjCA), provide A is non-aingulan. & : Proof? eo a Given 0 in Me exqowaluedy 2 AX =AX 30 Pre-mudtiplying. wil’ a4 2 ate) = MOY > ead) 1x = Ata) see. Oe Sa ae Danj(a)x = Yo atta) m Vy de UD is an aye Value of achi(a) , Propety 10!- IF Ais a aquore mataix , then and AT haw the game | dgunvabues . | Proof. -- epiven ehosorruistic eqn io \a-azl -0 Ica-aT <0 > (at ATl =0 = Kix = 2X oR tondider A-AT (a CG-ad"s ALT | ta-azl C1)" Cal? By-Bo =(-1) "ey 7 —42) Ade a (NGI 20), 4 CDay. 40) Ay a” 0 = I)" (Ae Cth?» + Garo) Are Cp AP = GANT D VECTOR SPACES Consider a non-empty set V and a fitld F.v ip the vector space over F if thene exist two operations; vector addition and ecolax multiplic-| ation sakiarying the following conditions //E veeton Adaition:= A)clovure. Property, om PEV => cep eV ») Assoualive Propestas~ oct(prv) = (x4p)+7 | then exis yuo vector ov euch thak «+0 zote = VE die the oolditive idantity , Dae t'-« Ev such thot |‘ a+-a =Ca +a) =0 Hare, -& & Me in additr ve} inverse of ey. i. Commutative properly :- orp = pte | (vy, 9) 15 an abettanqoup. j ter saeco on | CER anda peV , ae H(cere =, crCre) a) clwrb) = care amen, V id @ vector Sport Ove a fad F. Y) @how thak tre Space of nn tuples | & pte fl Crate ens te sohere xi eF 16 a vector eal aver toe field F, uedel ine Jopeations Gersxar---xn) rUveYer% = Couey pata © Tate) ond ¢ (0ty,%2,....%n? 2 (6x1 exe, - ern) 9 heb w= UK nen) P= Way ~~ -9%n), Y = Cab. -- 93m) | then, &p,t CF" a) cap > (x1t%, 2H se -. +nt¥n, er" |<: Hlosuae proper ip salted jo Associative Paopedry’- (B+?) = (21%) on)# [Oru Geir 3a), 22th) + O33 Yn tn! = Canta eae oss Xn tVn4 ih | Ge) = [laure %n) 1M | Meade = 18 +e + ($ud..--3n)JO HOS Coeyey, rent 20h FO Fay 40) S(oje¥y43) Xa FYB EY yp entYn the) RB fete pry) =Casp)+Y +. Posaciative paopeby 1% eearivfied . | Qainie, OF™ | *fS (0,0, «.. 0) EF” | ‘Also ‘wt (0,0) 0,.. 0) Pee ieen een)e { (010, 0, - o) | (a0 x2t0,-- -,2nt0) | J 2Cayxar-- - 130m) a. | Thee exist the additive | iduntily - | danse. | | onsen poably | | = (x pha) Xs, Xn) Hee iF -xr CE (Fis a fied) hemi jonyse-y-anekm 1p Kaye ony Xn el 7% --,-X) hy 2-H -- eel +70) | crn | { 3, Fo eve (1%, 4 aclaitive inverse , = (0,% JG a)e B) Caer © 02) (x1 702+ C1C2% y C1C%ay a tommutative Proper dbp 2 (2% Xn) + ¥Q, Cite) 1%) | leas e233) 29) ciCCae) i(Ce0er 21-y%)) | | #86) Cap hap Geseeaden C6140 41) Certez)xn) | = (cytatGx,G ately centre) rae th “y am cet Cizen + C2960) qarGe £6,094) 040) +l 4 19 B(x), Set V2 1 AnH = (yarin Vat nt) opie Aornmurarive. paopery ie Satiotieol - pn ib an abelian qoup xt | syeckon aclauiti a” / | edeatar Mustiplication:- mutate.) ae = Cia, barb) | ely meres 8A) | =a d) Ca tp) = cll sXe ve nde Cen | 2 e (xray mer¥ xnXn) = (eCxerw,cceet¥e) bop helene) = [ex tevycxeFCVos) scxntern] CHEB 5 6 Copy xe 42 2%) + CWVer +1 Yn) > Cera exay--e%n) #COM Yar e¥n)| | = (exerts C4 veceoverw) |e eturp emeves | 2M i> a vecton space om the fidd F | Apjier veel Paver | \ue, F te a field of read | | purobers | Veeton addition io détined. | (u,%) C21 Ya) = (y+ B¥ey i x2) (x1) +801, Lex), fe | 15 Via veekon Space over Fe Dtoaure. Phopethy:- ince 11%3 Ye EF 91,73y, CF and =2-% Cr. (aoa |v) Associative Propeby:- dat ©0091) Be Carte), 7204) pHs od =o | | 6) In a veeton space VC a) Cd = Ge) = cl-e) ¥ceF and wéV. | Consider , | ca tec c+(-c) 2), Ceca = Ow 0 Aede = -Cd) fonoidu. exec (-e) caret) = cla +2) "2 c@-4) = cto) 20 = - (ex) cat(-cla = + €(-0) Vijriiesttco= .anecaay Ce) eeet | | | | | | | | Foy c= Ome =9- ca=0 ceo on &=0 —U) \pe=0,) (0 io tue 9 Ifc40, thes ¢ hao a, mutelperc 1 osive inverse c“L “1a <0 clea 2 019|5) Ina Vecton apace V ove F, | Cla-p)=ca-cp | bus = e¢a-B) | =¢(a+(-p)) Fea 4c (-p)LBy aul | vr) = Co eB (By proper, = RUS VJ) wubep Thay Out nion-emn ply wuke W of @ vector apace V ae tied Fe Ie 1p colied dubapace of V if w i6 itbert la weton ‘epoch aver F unde the aame apuatlone of wetor ladalition and. scolar noubtiptic- lation a4 adepined in Vv. Nokes fo} and Var he tiv dubspaced Cimpaoper cubs} op v). J) Reoust 4:- ‘k von-emply auboet W of a vectoa apace V ovu a fidd F io a aubopase of V it and. only iF pinotconelition Dre pew , atpew Veer aew, wep Poop , Paul 4 duppoat ar W is @ aubspox! of V- Then W ib-g vector wpace! ¥ |Reseue ova F unde We aame apuationd a9 defined! in y (CD and (id holds true Post 2:- buppoas (1 and Ci) hold tay, toabow W id a aubspace, dines, given 19 io non -emply | eB EW, BYU) HEF corey qalung c=0 2046 cy Additive identity. exiot. Also ite =-1 Haew ,cxeeCl e=-téW | | | | “sd tl-d) ed-a=0 EW w Addlitive inves extol fou eat ct. The olhu. axiome of ne | veeton apace hold true in War they hold’ taue in v. Hunce , Ww ib a vector d=. fujaaPand coe gives) ca = Yq (2:3) Mbich gives! (yd én clk ig nok @ @ubspace . dw = §larbc) | arbre eat lr i6 nok @ aubopace a> %=(%Nh) and co ca = Vi(Yashi9/0) = (Wart Sha) Bm! Jk ip nol a aubepoct. awe figb,c) lasbect Ip 15 HOF O~atus pact. a> w= (4/273) and C=-1 gies Sea i Ww ia not 9. aub space. © w2feabse) Jauvickih Ie ie hoF @ vector ago, 5) if a = (10,0) 00% cob then cx =(8,0,0) @W w i6 not a aubs par on (10,9) © e 1,0) ew ate 210) 5 nok @ arbOprd - pd] a-abre= atti Awe Ll ot = [a,brep®, = ® =(m4 3) 7% vx beysers beactsy-4y bray -4c-4y gb-4e ey-4% arp e@ ex aC bey).-4(crg) = “+b CW Cored, KeF)% cw, jew = (abe) = (ka, kbike) Hoty kas k(ab- 40) = Beb-4ke “ke € Wand hot iio & dubepot- ig poherner 2 {Labs a,b) trek in a. aubup Och of Vir qb ex}i Foe ob 1 Vale v be toe vector ca ie ee dol a) Fled=7 gle | | Jott axa motnice? Ed : Hepa | 1 ing ane SubOpArT | ated 2 | a of toe following =f viol glx) = 24 = Cqtx)) V| jinean Combination and_dinea 1 jen 2ewW Linea _ Wl | ledser op oll aingulan n2Q'MiO™") 4 |) Ler Mi 1M Now consider, (F4q)x) bcd op ahabene 1 | [epee op a non-singular AMS | ye Fa al Mae P| fon egixd | | TP Fe Pe a) + Me | Beeyv bel a valence over i aber op all singutan massice® My tMs = iE z ] uN (erg) (xD = Feed eqixt) [a tidd F ond Ay, aapen be any stn entaico a2 intege?- #12 a fe ae AURA PHS | Ly etone of Y. The vectan of 40 Be), (F909)? = (60x) + gtx)? bos #nan robe I ed 50r op ail singular reainiceo Mia €W "dp (even eles | | OMe, 2% 2s Remedies | fox which A =AT. | | bee cer and row = actente 2x4ppy | Miter: Fan V and CyC21---¥ + | |ser of att roams EV 04c? 4 A | ne # RUS ler is called @ Linear combine wed= [2 4] and ce : that AT=TA fon some fixasl IE i] a €rgtxd ¢w |eion of the veetone 4,62) - rn ge! ! ud ca eS lh4 7] “[ “| | “LW ib nok a veckoh apace. her © be 0: OR: SP ee | | afm, = [2 ‘| ele Al a 3 ! of, vector space vi over F. 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