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1. Explain @Page & @Control directives in Details.
2. Explain asp:Menu and asp:SiteMapPath controls.
3. What is code sharing in ASP.NET? Explain various code sharing techniques.
4. What do you mean by Developer Productivity in ASP.NET? Explain in Details.
5. Difference between Transfer and Redirect methods.
6. What are the different coding methods in ASP.NET.
7. What is State Management? Explain any two client-side state management techniques
in details.
8. Explain DATASET & DATAREADER. ALSO difference between them.
9. Write a note on GridView Control.
10.What do you mean by Master page and Why do we need to explain it.
11.Write a note on Web Config File.
12.Error Handling in Database.
13.Explain QueryString in detail.
14.What is ADO.NET? Explain the advantage of ADO.NET.
15.What are Web Services?
16.Write a short note on the Response object.
17.What is .net Framework? Explain with its component and diagram.
18.What is CSS? Discuss how CSS is more powerful than HTML.
19.Explain ASP.NET page life cycle with a diagram.
20.What is the advantage of Validator control and explain it in details? Also, explain the
pattern matching validator control.
21.Explain File Upload control with an example.
22.Explain Server-side state management techniques.
Q1: Explain @Page & @Control directives in Details.
Ans:
What are @Page and @Control Directives?
● @Page and @Control directivesare specific instructionsused in ASP.NET that provide
information about how ASP.NET should process the page or user control.
● These directives are placed at the top of the .aspx or .ascx files and set essential
properties and behaviors.
@Page Directive:
● Purpose:Specifies settings specific to a web page,such as buffering, error handling,
and language used.
● Key Properties:
○ Language:Specifies the programming language used,such as C# or VB.
○ AutoEventWireup:Controls whether ASP.NET hooks upautomatic event
handling.
○ MasterPageFile:Links the page to a Master Page forconsistent layout across
the site.
Example of @Page Directive:
asp
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<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"
CodeBehind="Sample.aspx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication.Sample"
MasterPageFile="~/Site.Master" %>
● This example tells the ASP.NET engine to use C# as the programming language,
automatically connect event handlers, and inherit from a specific class, while using a
Master Page for layout.
@Control Directive:
● Purpose:Used in user control files (.ascx) to define settings that apply to that control.
● Key Properties:
○ ClassName:Specifies the class name for the user control.
○ Inherits:Indicates the .NET framework class thatthe control inherits properties
and methods from.
Example of @Control Directive:
asp
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<%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"
CodeBehind="Header.ascx.cs" Inherits="WebApplication.Header" %>
● This directive configures the user control with similar settings to the @Page directive,
tailored for reusable control components.
Conclusion (Summary in Points):
● @Page and @Control directivesprovide critical configurationsettings for ASP.NET
pages and controls.
● They determine how pages and controls behave, what resources they use, and how they
integrate with other parts of the application.
● Understanding these directives is crucial for efficient ASP.NET application development.
Q2: Explain <asp:Menu> and <asp:SiteMapPath> controls.
Ans:
What are <asp:Menu> and <asp:SiteMapPath> Controls?
● <asp:Menu> and <asp:SiteMapPath>are server-side controlsin ASP.NET used to
implement navigation within a web application.
<asp:Menu> Control:
● Purpose:Allows the creation of menus on web pages,which can be dynamically
populated from various data sources like a database, XML files, or site map data.
● Key Features:
○ Dynamic Building:Menus can be built dynamically basedon user roles or
choices.
○ Styling and Orientation:Can be styled using CSS andset up in horizontal or
vertical orientations.
Example of <asp:Menu> Control:
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<asp:Menu ID="NavigationMenu" runat="server"
DataSourceID="SiteMapDataSource1" Orientation="Horizontal">
<StaticMenuItemStyle HorizontalPadding="5px" VerticalPadding="2px"
/>
<DynamicHoverStyle BackColor="#C5BBAF" />
</asp:Menu>
● This menu is connected to a SiteMapDataSource and displayed horizontally, with
specific styling for menu items and hover states.
<asp:SiteMapPath> Control:
● Purpose:Also known as "breadcrumbs," this control provides a navigational aid in web
applications showing the user's path from the home page to the current page.
● Key Features:
○ Path Display:Automatically generates paths basedon the site's structure
defined in the site map.
○ Easy Navigation:Allows users to easily navigate backto previous pages along
the navigational chain.
Example of <asp:SiteMapPath> Control:
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<asp:SiteMapPath ID="SiteMapPath1" runat="server">
<PathSeparatorTemplate>
<asp:Label runat="server" Text=" > "
ForeColor="Gray"></asp:Label>
</PathSeparatorTemplate>
</asp:SiteMapPath>
● This configuration shows how to customize the path separator in a SiteMapPath control.
Q3: What is code sharing in ASP.NET? Explain various code sharing
techniques.
Ans:
What is Code Sharing in ASP.NET?
● Code Sharingrefers to the ability to reuse existingcode across different parts of an
application or across different applications, which enhances maintainability and reduces
redundancy.
Techniques for Code Sharing:
1. Class Libraries:
○ Description:Create reusable libraries that encapsulatecommon functionality
which can be referenced by multiple web applications.
○ Usage:Often used for data access routines, utilityfunctions, and business logic.
2. User Controls (.ascx):
○ Description:Allows developers to create reusableUI components that include
both markup and code.
○ Usage:Ideal for repetitive content like headers,footers, and navigation menus.
3. Web Services (ASMX or WCF):
○ Description:Enable code sharing across differentplatforms and technologies
through standards-based protocols like SOAP or REST.
○ Usage:Commonly used to expose application functionalityover the internet or a
corporate network.
Example of Using a Class Library:
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// In a class library project
public class Utilities
{
public static int CalculateSum(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
}
// In an ASP.NET project
using MyUtilityLibrary;
public void PerformCalculation()
{
int result = Utilities.CalculateSum(5, 10);
Response.Write("Sum is: " + result);
}
● This example demonstrates how a method from a class library is used in an ASP.NET
application to perform calculations.
Conclusion (Summary in Points):
● ASP.NET supports various methodsfor sharing codeto promote reusability and
consistency.
● Each technique serves different purposes, from sharing business logic with class
libraries to user interface components with user controls and services.
Q4: Explain Image, Image Button, and ImageMap Controls.
Ans:
What are Image, Image Button, and ImageMap Controls?
● These controls are used in ASP.NET to incorporate images into web pages, each
serving different interactive purposes.
Image Control:
● Purpose:Used to display an image on a web page.
● Key Feature:Can dynamically change images duringruntime using server-side code.
Example of Image Control:
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<asp:Image ID="Image1" runat="server" ImageUrl="~/images/logo.png"
AlternateText="Website Logo" />
● This example shows a simple image being added to a web page, with an alternative text
for accessibility.
ImageButton Control:
● Purpose:Functions like a button but appears as animage. It can trigger server-side
events.
● Key Feature:Supports all the functionalities of astandard button with the visual style of
an image.
Example of ImageButton Control:
asp
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<asp:ImageButton ID="ImageButton1" runat="server"
ImageUrl="~/images/submit.png" OnClick="Submit_Click" />
● This control uses an image as a button that users can click to submit data or trigger
events.
ImageMap Control:
● Purpose:Allows different parts of an image to bedefined as hotspots, which can be
linked to different URLs or server-side events.
● Key Feature:Supports multiple hotspots on a singleimage, each with customizable
actions and navigation URLs.
Example of ImageMap Control:
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<asp:ImageMap ID="ImageMap1" runat="server"
ImageUrl="~/images/map.png">
<asp:RectangleHotSpot Top="10" Left="10" Bottom="50" Right="50"
NavigateUrl="~/north.aspx" />
<asp:CircleHotSpot X="100" Y="150" Radius="40"
PostBackValue="CentralRegion" />
</asp:ImageMap>
● This control defines a rectangular and circular hotspot on an image, navigating to
different pages and triggering postbacks.
Q5: What do you mean by Developer Productivity in ASP.NET? Explain in
Details.
Ans:
What is Developer Productivity?
● Developer Productivityrefers to the efficiency andease with which developers can
create, debug, and maintain applications using a particular platform or tool.
How ASP.NET Enhances Developer Productivity:
1. Integrated Development Environment (IDE):
○ ASP.NET uses Visual Studio, which provides powerful tools such as IntelliSense,
debugging, and a wide range of extensions that streamline the development
process.
2. Rich Server Controls:
○ ASP.NET offers a vast library of server controls that can be dragged and dropped
into applications, automatically handling many of the programming aspects like
state management and event handling.
3. Framework Features:
○ Features like Master Pages, Themes, and Membership providers allow
developers to implement consistent layouts, styling, and user authentication
across applications efficiently.
Example of Using Master Pages for Productivity:
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<!-- MasterPage.master -->
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="MainContent"
runat="server"></asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
<!-- WebForm.aspx -->
<asp:Content ID="WebFormContent" ContentPlaceHolderID="MainContent"
runat="server">
<p>Hello, this is a content page using a Master Page!</p>
</asp:Content>
● Using Master Pages, developers can create a single consistent layout for multiple
pages, reducing the effort required to design each page individually.
Conclusion (Summary in Points):
● ASP.NET boosts productivityby providing a rich setof development tools, pre-built
controls, and an efficient way to manage common tasks.
● This enables developers to focus more on business logic rather than boilerplate code,
enhancing speed and reducing errors.
Q6: What is SITEMAPPATH? Explain in detail.
Ans:
What is SITEMAPPATH?
● SITEMAPPATHis an ASP.NET server control that displaysa navigational breadcrumb
on web pages. It helps users understand their location within the website hierarchy and
navigate easily to previous levels.
Key Features of SITEMAPPATH:
SiteMap
● Integration with SiteMap:Automatically integrateswith the ASP.NET
provider to fetch and display the navigation path based on the site's structure defined in
the web.sitemap file.
● Customizable Appearance:Can be styled using CSS and templates to match the
website's design.
Example of SITEMAPPATH Control:
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<asp:SiteMapPath ID="SiteMapPath1" runat="server"
RenderCurrentNodeAsLink="true" PathSeparator=" : ">
<CurrentNodeStyle Font-Bold="true" ForeColor="Red" />
<RootNodeStyle ForeColor="Green" />
</asp:SiteMapPath>
● This configuration shows a SiteMapPath with custom styles for the current node and root
node, and a colon as a path separator.
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Integration Uses ASP.NET SiteMap provider
Customization Supports styling with CSS
Navigation Aid Enhances user experience by providing clear navigation paths
Q7: Difference between Transfer and Redirect Methods
Ans:
Server.Transfer vs. Response.Redirect
● Server.Transfer and Response.Redirectare two methodsused in ASP.NET to
navigate between pages. However, they work quite differently and are used based on
specific needs.
Server.Transfer:
● Process:Transfers execution from one page to anotheron the server side without
making a round trip back to the client's browser.
● URL:Does not change the URL in the browser sincethe transfer is server-side.
● Efficiency:More efficient in server resources asit avoids the extra round trip to the
client.
Response.Redirect:
● Process:Sends an HTTP command to the browser, tellingit to fetch a different page. It
is a two-step process that involves a round trip to the client.
● URL:Updates the browser’s URL since it redirectsto a new URL.
● Use Case:Useful when the redirected URL needs tobe visible to the user or when
redirecting to a different website.
Table Summary:
Method Server Interaction URL Use Case
Change
Server.Transfer Direct server-side transfer No change Internal redirects,
maintaining state
Response.Redirect Client involved via HTTP Changes External redirects, visible
redirect navigation
Conclusion:
Server.Transferand
● Understanding the differencesbetween
Response.Redirectis crucial for effective navigationmanagement in ASP.NET
applications, ensuring optimal user experience and resource utilization.
Q8: What are the different coding methods in ASP.NET?
Ans:
Coding Methods in ASP.NET
ASP.NET supports two main methods for writing code:
1. Inline Code:
<% %>or
● Definition:The server-side code is written directlywithin the HTML file using
<script>tags.
● Features:
.aspxfile.
○ Code is embedded directly in the
○ Suitable for small projects or quick prototyping.
● Example:
asp
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<%
int result = 10 + 5;
Response.Write("Sum is: " + result);
%>
2. Code-Behind:
.aspxfile.
● Definition:The server-side logic is written in aseparate file, linked to the
● Features:
○ Provides better separation of concerns.
○ Easier to maintain and debug for large projects.
● Example:
ASPX File:
asp
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<asp:Button ID="btnSubmit" runat="server" Text="Click Me"
OnClick="btnSubmit_Click" />
○
Code-Behind File:
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protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Write("Button Clicked!");
}
○
Table Summary:
Method Location Use Case
Inline Code .aspxfile
Written in Quick prototyping, small projects
Code-Behind .csor
Separate .vb Larger, maintainable projects
file
Q9: What is State Management? Explain any two client-side state
management techniques in detail.
Ans:
What is State Management?
● Definition:State Management refers to the techniquesused to retain user data between
multiple requests in a web application.
● Need:Web applications are stateless by nature, meaningthey don’t retain user
information by default.
Two Client-Side State Management Techniques:
1. Cookies:
● Definition:Small text files stored on the client’sbrowser, used to store user data.
● Features:
○ Persist across multiple sessions (based on expiration).
○ Limited to 4KB of data.
Example:
csharp
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// Set a cookie
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("UserName", "John");
cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
// Retrieve a cookie
string userName = Request.Cookies["UserName"].Value;
●
2. Query String:
● Definition:Appends data to the URL to pass informationbetween pages.
● Features:
○ Simple and requires no server resources.
○ Visible to users, so not suitable for sensitive data.
● Example:
Redirect with Query String:
csharp
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Response.Redirect("NextPage.aspx?UserName=John");
○
Retrieve Query String:
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string userName = Request.QueryString["UserName"];
○
Table Summary:
Technique Storage Features Use Case
Location
Cookies Client's browser Small data, persists User preferences, login info
sessions
Query String URL No server resources, Simple data transfer between
visible pages
Conclusion:
● State Managementis crucial for modern web applicationsto provide a seamless user
experience.
● Client-side techniques like Cookies and Query Strings are efficient but should be used
cautiously for sensitive data.
Q10: What is a USER control? Explain creating and using USER control in
ASP.NET.
Ans:
What is a USER Control?
● Definition:USER controls (
.ascx
) are reusable ASP.NETcomponents that
encapsulate both markup and code. They are ideal for creating reusable UI segments
across multiple pages.
Creating a USER Control:
.ascxfile, including any HTML and
● Step 1: Create Control- Define the control in an
server controls needed.
● Step 2: Add Code- Implement event handlers and publicproperties in the code-behind
file to interact with the control programmatically.
Example of a USER Control:
Markup (MyControl.ascx):
asp
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<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Hello,
World!"></asp:Label>
●
Code-Behind (MyControl.ascx.cs):
csharp
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public partial class MyControl : System.Web.UI.UserControl
{
public string Message
{
get { return lblMessage.Text; }
set { lblMessage.Text = value; }
}
}
●
Using a USER Control:
@Register
● Step 1: Register- Include the control in anotherASP.NET page using the
directive.
● Step 2: Implement- Place the control in the pageand configure any properties as
needed.
Example of Using a USER Control:
Registration and Implementation (ConsumerPage.aspx):
asp
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<%@ Register TagPrefix="uc" TagName="MyControl" Src="~/MyControl.ascx"
%>
<uc:MyControl ID="myControl" runat="server" Message="Welcome to my
site!" />
●
Table Summary:
Step Description
.ascxfiles.
Create Define control structure and logic in
Use Register and implement the control in ASP.NET pages.
Q11: Explain DATASET & DATAREADER. ALSO difference between them.
Ans:
What are DATASET and DATAREADER?
● DataSetandDataReaderare ADO.NET components usedfor data manipulation.
DataSet:
● Description:A DataSet is a disconnected data structurefor storing tables, rows, and
relations. It allows for manipulation of data without a constant connection to the
database.
● Features:
○ Supports multiple tables and relationships.
○ Ideal for complex data handling and when updates need to be batched.
DataReader:
● Description:A DataReader provides a forward-only,read-only stream of data from a
database. It requires an open connection to the database.
● Features:
○ High performance for reading data.
○ Consumes fewer resources because it’s connected and read-only.
Differences between DataSet and DataReader:
● Connection Type:DataSet is disconnected; DataReaderis connected.
● Data Manipulation:DataSet supports editing; DataReaderis read-only.
● Resource Use:DataSet uses more memory; DataReaderis more efficient for large data
flows.
Table Summary:
Component Type Use Case Characteristics
DataSet Disconnected Multi-table operations, offline work Editable, complex
handling
DataReader Connected Quick data retrieval, minimal Read-only, stream data
footprint
Conclusion:
● Understanding the differences and uses ofDataSetand DataReaderhelps in selecting
the right data access strategy in ASP.NET applications based on performance needs
and data complexity.
Q12: Write a note on GridView Control.
Ans:
What is GridView Control?
● GridView Controlin ASP.NET is a versatile server-sidecontrol that allows developers to
display, manipulate, and manage data in a tabular format easily.
Key Features of GridView Control:
● Data Binding:Can be bound to various data sourcessuch as databases, XML files, or
lists.
● Built-in Features:Supports sorting, paging, editing,and deleting data right out of the
box.
● Customizable:Style and appearance can be customizedusing themes and styles.
Columns and rows can also have templates for more complex displays.
Example of Using GridView Control:
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<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False"
OnSelectedIndexChanged="GridView1_SelectedIndexChanged">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name"
SortExpression="Name" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="Age" HeaderText="Age"
SortExpression="Age" />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
● This GridView example has custom columns for displaying names and ages, which are
bound to data fields from the data source.
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Data Binding Connects to data sources for dynamic content loading.
Editing Supports in-place editing of data.
Sorting/Paging Facilitates easy sorting and paging of data.
Q13: What do you mean by Master page and why do we need it? Explain.
Ans:
What is a Master Page?
● Master Pageserves as a template for web pages inan ASP.NET application. It allows
for consistent layout across different pages of the website.
Purpose of Using Master Pages:
● Consistency:Ensures that all pages have a uniform appearance, which enhances the
user experience.
● Maintenance:Changes to the layout or navigation aremade in one place, which
automatically updates all associated pages.
How Master Pages Work:
● Placeholders:Master pages define placeholders (
ContentPlaceHolder
)for the
content that changes from page to page.
● Content Pages:Individual content pages insert theirunique content into these
placeholders.
Example of a Master Page:
asp
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<!-- MasterPage.master -->
<asp:ContentPlaceHolder id="MainContent" runat="server">
<!-- Placeholder for child content -->
</asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
● This snippet from a master page defines a content placeholder where different content
pages will inject their specific content.
Table Summary:
Component Function
Consistency Uniform look and navigation across all pages.
Maintainability Simplifies updates and changes to the site layout.
Conclusion:
● Master Pagesare crucial in ASP.NET for creating maintainable and consistent web
applications, allowing changes in layout and navigation to be propagated automatically
across all pages that use the master template.
Q14: Write a note on Web Config File.
Ans:
What is the Web.config File?
● Web.configis an XML-based configuration file in ASP.NETapplications. It plays a
crucial role in configuring settings that affect the behavior of web applications.
Key Uses of Web.config:
● Configuration Settings:Manages settings related tosecurity, session state, error
handling, and application settings.
● Connection Strings:Stores database connection strings,making it easy to manage
data access across the application.
Example of Web.config Settings:
xml
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<configuration>
<appSettings>
<add key="ApplicationName" value="My ASP.NET App" />
</appSettings>
<connectionStrings>
<add name="DatabaseConnection"
connectionString="Server=myServerAddress;Database=myDataBase;User
Id=myUsername;Password=myPassword;" />
</connectionStrings>
</configuration>
● This example includes application settings and a connection string for database access.
Table Summary:
Section Purpose
appSettings
Store custom application-level settings.
connectionStr Define connections to databases.
ings
Q15: Error Handling in Database.
Ans:
What is Error Handling in Database Context?
● Error Handlingrefers to the process of anticipating,detecting, and resolving exceptions
or errors that occur during database operations in ASP.NET applications.
Key Approaches to Error Handling:
● Try-Catch Blocks:Encapsulate database operationswithin try-catch blocks to catch
exceptions when they occur.
● Logging:Implement logging mechanisms to record errorsfor later analysis.
Example of Database Error Handling:
csharp
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try
{
// Attempt to connect to a database
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
conn.Open();
// Perform database operations
}
catch (SqlException ex)
{
// Handle database errors
LogError(ex.ToString());
}
finally
{
// Ensure the connection is closed
if (conn != null)
{
conn.Close();
}
}
● This example demonstrates the use of try-catch for managing SQL database operations
and ensures the connection is properly closed.
Table Summary:
Techniqu Description
e
Try-Catch Catches and handles exceptions.
Logging Records errors for troubleshooting.
Conclusion:
● Proper error handlingis essential for robust ASP.NET applications, ensuring that the
application can gracefully handle unexpected issues during database interactions and
maintain a good user experience.
Q16: Explain QueryString in detail.
Ans:
What is a QueryString?
● QueryStringis a way to pass information from oneweb page to another by appending it
to the URL.
?and joined by
● Data is visible in the URL as key-value pairs, separated by a &.
Features of QueryString:
● Simple and Lightweight:No server resources are neededfor storage.
● Browser Support:Works on all browsers.
● Visible:Data is displayed in the URL, making it unsuitablefor sensitive information.
Example of QueryString Usage:
Passing Data:
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Response.Redirect("NextPage.aspx?UserID=123&UserName=John");
●
Retrieving Data:
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string userID = Request.QueryString["UserID"];
string userName = Request.QueryString["UserName"];
●
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Storage Appended to the URL
Security Not secure; data is visible
Usage Pass data between pages
Q17: What is ADO.NET? Explain the advantage of ADO.NET.
Ans:
What is ADO.NET?
● ADO.NET (ActiveX Data Objects for .NET)is a frameworkin .NET used to connect to
databases, fetch data, and perform database operations.
Advantages of ADO.NET:
1. Disconnected Data Architecture:
○ Fetches data from the database once and works on it locally without a
continuous connection.
2. Scalable:
○ Supports large-scale applications due to its efficient architecture.
3. Supports Multiple Data Sources:
○ Can connect to SQL Server, Oracle, XML files, and more.
4. Data Security:
○ Provides secure connections with built-in features like encryption.
Example of Using ADO.NET:
csharp
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// Establishing connection
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("connectionString");
conn.Open();
// Executing a query
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Employees", conn);
SqlDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(reader["Name"].ToString());
}
conn.Close();
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Disconnected Architecture Efficient handling of large datasets
Multiple Data Sources Flexibility to connect to diverse sources
Scalability Suitable for enterprise applications
Conclusion:
● QueryStringis a simple way to pass data between webpages, though it’s not secure for
sensitive data.
● ADO.NETprovides a powerful framework for databaseinteraction, ensuring
performance, scalability, and security.
Q18: What are Web Services?
Ans:
What are Web Services?
● Web Servicesare software components that allow applicationsto communicate and
share data over the web using standard protocols like HTTP and XML.
● They enableinteroperabilitybetween different platforms,languages, and systems.
Key Features of Web Services:
1. Platform Independent:Can be consumed by applicationsdeveloped in different
programming languages.
2. Use of Standard Protocols:Use HTTP, SOAP, REST, andXML/JSON for data
exchange.
3. Scalable and Reusable:Can be hosted on any serverand reused in multiple
applications.
Example of a Simple Web Service:
csharp
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[WebService(Namespace = "http://example.org/MyService")]
public class MyService : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
[WebMethod]
public string GetMessage(string name)
{
return "Hello, " + name;
}
}
GetMessagemethod thatcan be consumed by any client.
● This web service defines a
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Interoperability Works across platforms and languages.
Protocols Uses standard protocols like HTTP and SOAP.
Reusability Can be reused by multiple applications.
Q19: Write a short note on the Response object.
Ans:
What is the Response Object?
● TheResponse Objectin ASP.NET is used to send outputto the client from the server.
● It provides methods, properties, and collections to manage HTTP responses.
Key Features of Response Object:
1. Output Control:Sends HTML, text, or other contentto the client's browser.
2. Redirection:Redirects users to another URL or page.
3. Cookies Management:Adds or modifies cookies.
Common Methods of Response Object:
Write():Outputs content directly to the client.
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Response.Write("Hello, World!");
1.
Redirect():Redirects the browser to another URL.
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Response.Redirect("HomePage.aspx");
2.
Table Summary:
Method Description
Write() Outputs content to the client.
Redirect() Sends the browser to a new page or URL.
AddHeader() Adds HTTP headers to the response.
Conclusion:
● Web Servicesenable cross-platform communication,making them ideal for distributed
systems.
● TheResponse Objectin ASP.NET is essential for managingserver-client interactions,
including content delivery and redirection.
Q20: What is .NET Framework? Explain with its components and diagram.
Ans:
What is .NET Framework?
● .NET Frameworkis a software development platformby Microsoft for building and
running Windows applications.
● It provides a runtime environment, a set of libraries, and tools for developers to create
applications.
Components of .NET Framework:
1. CLR (Common Language Runtime):
○ Manages the execution of .NET programs.
○ Handles memory management, thread management, and security.
2. FCL (Framework Class Library):
○ Provides a rich collection of reusable classes and APIs for common
functionalities like file I/O, data access, and cryptography.
3. ASP.NET:
○ A framework for building web applications and services.
4. ADO.NET:
○ Provides data access capabilities for connecting and manipulating databases.
Diagram:
objectivec
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.NET Framework
├── CLR
├── FCL
│
├── Base Class Libraries
│
├── Networking Libraries
│
└── Windows Forms Libraries
├── ASP.NET
└── ADO.NET
Table Summary:
Componen Description
t
CLR Executes .NET programs and manages resources.
FCL Offers reusable classes for various functionalities.
ASP.NET Framework for creating dynamic web applications.
ADO.NET Data access framework for databases.
Q21: What is CSS? Discuss how CSS is more powerful than HTML.
Ans:
What is CSS?
● CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)is a stylesheet languageused to describe the
presentation and layout of web pages.
● It separates content (HTML) from presentation, enabling more flexibility in design.
Why CSS is More Powerful than HTML?
1. Separation of Concerns:
○ CSS separates the structure (HTML) from the presentation, making the design
easier to maintain.
2. Reusability:
○ A single CSS file can style multiple HTML pages, reducing redundancy.
3. Advanced Styling:
○ CSS supports features like animations, transitions, and responsive design, which
are not possible with HTML alone.
Example of CSS:
html
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<style>
body {
background-color: lightblue;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
● This example changes the background color of the page and sets a font style.
Table Summary:
Feature CSS Advantage
Separation Separates content from presentation.
Reusability One CSS file styles multiple pages.
Advanced Design Enables animations, transitions, etc.
Conclusion:
● The.NET Frameworksimplifies application developmentby providing a robust runtime
and comprehensive libraries.
● CSSenhances web design capabilities far beyond whatHTML can achieve, enabling
better control and flexibility.
Q22: Explain ASP.NET page life cycle with a diagram.
Ans:
What is ASP.NET Page Life Cycle?
● TheASP.NET Page Life Cyclerefers to the sequenceof events that occur from the time
a page is requested by a user until the response is sent back to the user’s browser.
Key Events in Page Life Cycle:
1. Page Request:
○ Triggered when the page is requested by the client.
○ Determines if the page is loaded from cache or needs to be processed.
2. Start:
Requestand
○ Initializes page properties like Response
.
3. Initialization (Init):
○ Controls on the page are initialized with default settings.
4. Load:
○ Page loads user-provided data (e.g., ViewState or PostBack data).
5. PreRender:
○ Final updates are made to the page before rendering.
6. Render:
○ Converts the page and controls into HTML for the browser.
7. Unload:
○ Cleanup code is executed, and resources are released.
Diagram:
mathematica
Copy code
Page Request → Start → Initialization → Load → PreRender → Render →
Unload
Table Summary:
Event Description
Page Request Initiates when a user requests a page.
Init Initializes controls and default settings.
Load Loads ViewState and PostBack data.
PreRender Makes final updates before rendering.
Unload Releases resources and performs cleanup.
Q23: What is the advantage of Validator control and explain it in detail?
Also, explain pattern-matching Validator control.
Ans:
What are Validator Controls in ASP.NET?
● Validator controls are used to validate user input on web forms before submitting the
data to the server.
● They ensure data integrity and provide a better user experience.
Advantages of Validator Controls:
1. Ease of Use:
○ Prebuilt controls simplify the implementation of validation logic.
2. Client-Side and Server-Side Validation:
○ Ensures validation happens on the client-side for speed and server-side for
security.
3. Customizable:
CustomValidator
○ Developers can create custom validation logic using .
Pattern-Matching Validator: RegularExpressionValidator
● Purpose:Validates input against a specified patternusing regular expressions.
Example:
asp
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<asp:TextBox ID="txtEmail" runat="server" />
<asp:RegularExpressionValidator ID="revEmail" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="txtEmail"
ValidationExpression="^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$
"
ErrorMessage="Invalid email format" />
●
○ This ensures the email entered matches the specified format.
Table Summary:
Validator Type Purpose
RequiredFieldValidator Ensures a field is not empty.
RegularExpressionValidator Validates data using a specific pattern.
CustomValidator Allows custom validation logic.
Conclusion:
● TheASP.NET Page Life Cycleprovides a clear sequencefor handling requests and
responses.
● Validator controls, includingRegularExpressionValidator,make input validation
seamless and secure in web forms.
Q24: Explain File Upload control with an example.
Ans:
What is File Upload Control?
● TheFileUpload controlin ASP.NET allows users toupload files from their local system
to the server.
● It simplifies the process of file management by providing built-in methods for accessing
uploaded file data.
Key Properties:
1. HasFile:Checks if a file is uploaded.
2. FileName:Retrieves the name of the uploaded file.
3. SaveAs():Saves the uploaded file to a specified pathon the server.
Example of FileUpload Control:
HTML Markup:
asp
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<asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" />
<asp:Button ID="btnUpload" runat="server" Text="Upload File"
OnClick="btnUpload_Click" />
<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server"></asp:Label>
●
Code-Behind:
csharp
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protected void btnUpload_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
if (FileUpload1.HasFile)
{
string filePath = Server.MapPath("~/UploadedFiles/") +
FileUpload1.FileName;
FileUpload1.SaveAs(filePath);
lblMessage.Text = "File uploaded successfully!";
}
else
{
lblMessage.Text = "Please select a file to upload.";
}
}
●
Table Summary:
Property Description
HasFile Checks if a file has been uploaded.
FileName Retrieves the name of the uploaded file.
SaveAs() Saves the file to a server directory.
Q25: Explain Server-Side State Management Techniques.
Ans:
What is Server-Side State Management?
● Definition:Server-side state management stores user-specificdata on the server
instead of the client. This ensures better security and scalability for web applications.
Common Techniques:
1. Session State:
● Description:Stores user data for the duration of the user's session.
● Features:
○ Maintains state across multiple requests.
○ Data is cleared when the session ends.
Example:
csharp
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Session["UserName"] = "John";
string userName = Session["UserName"].ToString();
●
2. Application State:
● Description:Stores data shared by all users of theapplication.
● Features:
○ Useful for storing global settings.
○ Data persists throughout the application lifecycle.
Example:
csharp
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Application["AppName"] = "My ASP.NET App";
string appName = Application["AppName"].ToString();
●
Table Summary:
Technique Scope Use Case
Session State Individual users User-specific data storage.
Application State All users Global application settings.
Conclusion:
● TheFileUpload controlsimplifies file handling inweb applications with easy-to-use
methods.
● Server-side state managementensures secure and reliabledata handling for users
and global application settings.
Q26: Discuss Navigation control in detail.
Ans:
What are Navigation Controls?
● Navigation Controlsin ASP.NET help create and managenavigation between pages
within a web application.
● They enhance user experience by providing structured ways to browse the application.
Types of Navigation Controls:
1. Menu Control:
● Purpose:Creates a dynamic menu structure for navigation.
Example:
asp
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<asp:Menu ID="Menu1" runat="server" Orientation="Horizontal">
<Items>
<asp:MenuItem Text="Home" NavigateUrl="~/Home.aspx" />
<asp:MenuItem Text="About" NavigateUrl="~/About.aspx" />
</Items>
</asp:Menu>
●
2. TreeView Control:
● Purpose:Displays a hierarchical view of data (e.g.,directory structures).
Example:
asp
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<asp:TreeView ID="TreeView1" runat="server">
<Nodes>
<asp:TreeNode Text="Parent Node" Value="Parent">
<asp:TreeNode Text="Child Node 1" Value="Child1" />
<asp:TreeNode Text="Child Node 2" Value="Child2" />
</asp:TreeNode>
</Nodes>
</asp:TreeView>
●
3. SiteMapPath Control:
● Purpose:Displays breadcrumbs to show the currentlocation in the application's
hierarchy.
Example:
asp
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<asp:SiteMapPath ID="SiteMapPath1" runat="server" />
●
Table Summary:
Control Purpose Example Use Case
Menu Horizontal/vertical navigation Website navigation bar
TreeView Hierarchical data representation Folder or category structures
SiteMapPath Breadcrumb navigation User's path tracking within the site
Q27: Explain Cookies in detail.
Ans:
What are Cookies?
● Definition:Cookies are small text files stored onthe client’s browser that allow web
applications to store data for user preferences or identification.
Types of Cookies:
1. Persistent Cookies:
○ Stored on the user's device with an expiration date.
○ Example: Remembering login information.
2. Session Cookies:
○ Stored temporarily and deleted when the browser is closed.
○ Example: Shopping cart data.
Creating and Using Cookies:
1. Creating a Cookie:
csharp
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HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("UserPreferences");
cookie["Font"] = "Arial";
cookie["Color"] = "Blue";
cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(7); // Persistent cookie
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
2. Reading a Cookie:
csharp
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HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies["UserPreferences"];
if (cookie != null)
{
string font = cookie["Font"];
string color = cookie["Color"];
}
Advantages of Cookies:
● Lightweight and do not consume server memory.
● Easy to implement for storing user-specific preferences.
Limitations of Cookies:
● Limited storage capacity (4KB).
● Not secure for sensitive data.
Table Summary:
Type Storage Scope Use Case
Persistent Cookies Across Remembering user preferences.
sessions
Session Cookies Single session Temporary data like cart info.
Conclusion:
● Navigation controlsimprove the organization and usabilityof web applications.
● Cookiesare a simple and effective way to store smallamounts of client-side data, but
should be used cautiously for security reasons.
Q28: Explain User Control and how to create it in ASP.NET.
Ans:
What is a User Control?
● Definition:User Controls are reusable UI componentsin ASP.NET, created using the
.ascxfile extension.
● Purpose:They encapsulate both the design and logic,making them ideal for repetitive
UI elements like headers, footers, or navigation bars.
Steps to Create and Use a User Control:
1. Create a User Control:
.ascxfile to the project and design thecontrol.
● Add a new
asp
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<asp:Label ID="lblMessage" runat="server" Text="Welcome"></asp:Label>
2. Add Code-Behind Logic:
.ascx.csfile to add server-side logic.
● Use the
csharp
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public string Message
{
get { return lblMessage.Text; }
set { lblMessage.Text = value; }
}
3. Include the User Control in a Web Page:
@Registerdirectiveand then include it in the page.
● Register the control using the
asp
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<%@ Register TagPrefix="uc" TagName="WelcomeControl"
Src="~/WelcomeControl.ascx" %>
<uc:WelcomeControl ID="Welcome1" runat="server" Message="Hello, User!"
/>
Table Summary:
Step Description
Create .ascx
Define the control's structure and logic in .
Register @Registerdirective in the consumer page.
Add
Implement Add the control to your web pages for reuse.
Q29: What is QueryString? Explain its advantages and limitations.
Ans:
What is QueryString?
● Definition:QueryString is a method for passing informationfrom one web page to
another through the URL.
?and joined by
● Syntax:Data is appended to the URL as key-value pairs,separated by
&.
Example:
Passing Data:
csharp
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Response.Redirect("NextPage.aspx?UserName=John&UserID=123");
Retrieving Data:
csharp
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string userName = Request.QueryString["UserName"];
string userID = Request.QueryString["UserID"];
Advantages:
1. Simple and Lightweight:Does not require server resources.
2. Browser Support:Works on all browsers.
Limitations:
1. Not Secure:Data is visible in the URL, unsuitablefor sensitive information.
2. Size Limitations:Limited to 2048 characters.
Table Summary:
Feature Description
Security Not secure for sensitive data.
Use Case Simple data transfer between pages.
Data Length Limited by the browser's URL size limit.
Conclusion:
● User Controlsmake it easy to create reusable UI componentsin ASP.NET applications.
● QueryStringis a quick and simple way to transferdata between pages, but it has
limitations regarding security and size.
Q1: Difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect
Ans:
Server.Transfer:
1. Definition:Transfers control from one page to anotheron the server side without
making a round trip to the client’s browser.
2. URL Behavior:The URL in the browser remains the same,as the transfer is handled
entirely on the server.
3. Performance:More efficient because it avoids a client-serverround trip.
4. Use Case:Best for navigating within the same applicationwhile maintaining state.
Example:
csharp
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Server.Transfer("TargetPage.aspx");
Response.Redirect:
1. Definition:Sends an HTTP response to the client,instructing the browser to navigate to
a different page.
2. URL Behavior:The URL in the browser changes to thenew page.
3. Performance:Less efficient due to the extra client-serverround trip.
4. Use Case:Ideal for navigating to external sites orpages in different applications.
Example:
csharp
Copy code
Response.Redirect("http://example.com");
Table Summary:
Feature Server.Transfer Response.Redirect
Process Server-side transfer Client-side redirection
URL Change No Yes
Performance Faster (no round trip) Slower (extra round trip)
Use Case Same application External navigation
Conclusion:
● UseServer.Transferfor efficient internal navigationwithin the same application.
● UseResponse.Redirectwhen redirecting users to externalpages or changing the URL
in the browser.
Q2: Difference between DataSet and DataReader
Ans:
DataSet:
1. Definition:A DataSet is a disconnected, in-memoryrepresentation of data that can hold
multiple tables and their relationships.
2. Features:
○ Works in adisconnected environment.
○ Can hold data from multiple tables with relationships.
○ Allows editing, updating, and deleting data offline.
3. Use Case:Suitable for applications where data needsto be manipulated offline or where
multiple tables are involved.
Example:
csharp
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DataSet ds = new DataSet();
adapter.Fill(ds);
DataReader:
1. Definition:A DataReader is a connected, forward-only,and read-only stream of data
from a database.
2. Features:
○ Requires anactive connectionto the database.
○ Only supports sequential read operations.
○ Consumes less memory, making it faster for large datasets.
3. Use Case:Ideal for quick, read-only access to data.
Example:
csharp
Copy code
SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();
while (reader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(reader["Name"]);
}
Table Summary:
Feature DataSet DataReader
Connection Disconnected Connected
Data Handling Editable, supports multiple tables Read-only, forward-only
Performance Slower due to memory overhead Faster due to direct connection
Use Case Offline data manipulation Quick data reading from the database
Conclusion:
● UseDataSetwhen you need to work with multiple tablesor manipulate data offline.
● UseDataReaderfor high-performance, read-only access to database records.
Q3: Difference between Session and Cookies
Ans:
Session:
1. Definition:ASessionis a server-side storage mechanismused to store user-specific
data during a user’s interaction with the web application.
2. Features:
○ Data is stored on the server, ensuring better security.
○ Expires when the user logs out or the session times out.
○ Can store complex objects like arrays and datasets.
3. Use Case:Suitable for storing sensitive or temporarydata such as user login status.
Example:
csharp
Copy code
// Store data
Session["UserName"] = "John";
// Retrieve data
string userName = Session["UserName"].ToString();
Cookies:
1. Definition:ACookieis a client-side storage mechanismused to store small amounts of
data in the user's browser.
2. Features:
○ Data is stored on the client’s device.
○ Can be persistent (saved across sessions) or session-based.
○ Limited to 4KB of data.
3. Use Case:Suitable for storing non-sensitive datalike user preferences or language
settings.
Example:
csharp
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// Create a cookie
HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie("UserName", "John");
cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1); // Persistent
Response.Cookies.Add(cookie);
// Retrieve a cookie
string userName = Request.Cookies["UserName"].Value;
Table Summary:
Feature Session Cookies
Storage Server Client (browser)
Location
Security More secure Less secure (stored on client)
Data Size Large (server memory-dependent) Small (4KB limit)
Use Case Sensitive, temporary data Preferences, non-sensitive data
Conclusion:
● UseSessionfor secure and temporary data managementon the server.
● UseCookiesfor lightweight, non-sensitive data storage on the client side.
Q4: Difference between HTTP and HTTPS
Ans:
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol):
1. Definition:HTTP is a protocol used for transferringdata between a client (browser) and
a web server without encryption.
2. Features:
○ Data is transferred in plain text.
○ Vulnerable to attacks likeman-in-the-middle.
○ Usesport 80by default.
3. Use Case:Suitable for non-sensitive data transmissionlike public websites or
non-critical APIs.
Example:
plaintext
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http://example.com
HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure):
1. Definition:HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP, usingSSL/TLSencryption to secure
data during transmission.
2. Features:
○ Encrypts data to prevent interception.
○ Requires an SSL certificate for the server.
○ Usesport 443by default.
3. Use Case:Ideal for sensitive data like login credentials,financial transactions, and
secure communication.
Example:
plaintext
Copy code
https://secure-example.com
Table Summary:
Feature HTTP HTTPS
Encryption No Yes (SSL/TLS)
Security Vulnerable to attacks Secure, protects data integrity
Port 80 443
Use Case Non-sensitive data Sensitive data like passwords
Conclusion:
● HTTPis suitable for non-sensitive websites wheresecurity is not a concern.
● HTTPSis essential for modern web applications toensure secure communication and
protect user data.
Q5: Difference between Inline Code and Code-Behind in ASP.NET
Ans:
Inline Code:
1. Definition:Inline code refers to code written directlywithin the HTML structure of an
<script runat="server">tags.
ASP.NET page, often between
2. Features:
○ Keeps logic and markup in the same file.
○ Can make the file harder to read and maintain for complex applications.
3. Use Case:Suitable for small projects or simple scripts.
Example:
asp
Copy code
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<html>
<body>
<script runat="server">
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Write("Hello from Inline Code!");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Code-Behind:
.csor
1. Definition:Code-behind separates the server-side logic into a separate .vbfile,
.aspxfile.
leaving the markup in the
2. Features:
○ Enhances readability and maintainability.
○ Promotes reusability and modularity of code.
3. Use Case:Ideal for large-scale applications whereseparation of concerns is important.
Example:
ASPX File:
asp
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<%@ Page Language="C#" CodeFile="MyPage.aspx.cs" Inherits="MyPage" %>
<html>
<body>
<asp:Button ID="btnClick" runat="server" Text="Click Me"
OnClick="btnClick_Click" />
</body>
</html>
●
Code-Behind File (MyPage.aspx.cs):
csharp
Copy code
public partial class MyPage : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void btnClick_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Response.Write("Hello from Code-Behind!");
}
}
●
Table Summary:
Feature Inline Code Code-Behind
Location .aspxfile
Inside the Separate file (
.csor
.vb
)
Readability Harder to maintain Easier to maintain
Use Case Small/simple applications Large/complex applications
Modularity Limited High
Conclusion:
● Inline Codeis best for quick tasks or small-scaleprojects.
● Code-Behindis preferred for large, maintainable,and scalable applications as it
separates logic from presentation.
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