1.

Introduction & Overview of Artificial

Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human

intelligence in machines that are programmed to think and act
like humans. It involves the development of algorithms and
computer programs that can perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making, and language translation. AI has
the potential to revolutionize many industries and has a wide
range of applications, from virtual personal assistants to self-
driving cars.

Before leading to the meaning of artificial intelligence let

understand what is the meaning of Intelligence-

Intelligence: The ability to learn and solve problems. This

definition is taken from webster’s Dictionary.
The most common answer that one expects is “to make
computers intelligent so that they can act intelligently!”, but
the question is how much intelligent? How can one judge
intelligence?
…as intelligent as humans. If the computers can, somehow,
solve real-world problems, by improving on their own from past
experiences, they would be called “intelligent”.
Thus, the AI systems are more generic(rather than specific), can
“think” and are more flexible.

Intelligence, as we know, is the ability to acquire and apply

knowledge. Knowledge is the information acquired through
experience. Experience is the knowledge gained through
exposure(training). Summing the terms up, we get artificial
intelligence as the “copy of something natural(i.e., human
beings) ‘WHO’ is capable of acquiring and applying the
information it has gained through exposure.”

Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and

mathematical optimization, logic, and methods based on
probability and economics. The AI field draws upon computer
science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy,
neuroscience, artificial psychology, and many others.

The main focus of artificial intelligence is towards understanding

human behavior and performance. This can be done by creating
computers with human-like intelligence and capabilities. This
includes natural language processing, facial analysis and
robotics. The main applications of AI are in military, healthcare,
and computing; however, it’s expected that these applications
will start soon and become part of our everyday lives.
 Many theorists believe that computers will one day surpass
human intelligence; they’ll be able to learn faster, process
information more effectively and make decisions faster than
humans. However, it’s still a work in progress as there are many
limitations to how much artificial intelligence is achieved. For
example, computers don’t perform well in dangerous or cold
environments; they also struggle with physical tasks such as
driving cars or operating heavy machinery. Even so, there are
many exciting things ahead for artificial intelligence!

2. The 7 types of artificial intelligence

(AI) include:
 Narrow AI or artificial narrow intelligence (ANI)
 General AI or artificial general intelligence (AGI)
 Super AI or artificial superintelligence (ASI)
 Reactive machines.
 Limited memory.
 Theory of mind.
 Self-aware.
3. History of AI
In the first half of the 20 th century, science fiction familiarized the
world with the concept of artificially intelligent robots. It began with
the “heartless” Tin man from the Wizard of Oz and continued with
the humanoid robot that impersonated Maria in Metropolis. By the
1950s, we had a generation of scientists, mathematicians, and
philosophers with the concept of artificial intelligence (or AI)
culturally assimilated in their minds. One such person was Alan
Turing, a young British polymath who explored the mathematical
possibility of artificial intelligence. Turing suggested that humans
use available information as well as reason in order to solve
problems and make decisions, so why can’t machines do the
same thing? This was the logical framework of his 1950
paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he
discussed how to build intelligent machines and how to test their
intelligence.
 5. Applications of artificial intelligence
(AI)
There are many different applications of AI, including:

 Natural language processing (NLP): NLP allows computers to

understand and generate human language. This technology is
used in a variety of applications, such as machine translation,
spam filtering, and sentiment analysis.

 Computer vision: Computer vision allows computers to identify

and interpret visual content. This technology is used in a variety of
applications, such as self-driving cars, facial recognition, and
object detection.

 Machine learning (ML): ML allows computers to learn from data

and improve their performance over time. This technology is used
in a variety of applications, such as predictive analytics, fraud
detection, and recommendation systems.

 Robotics: Robotics is the branch of AI that deals with the design,

construction, and operation of robots. Robots are used in a variety
of applications, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and space
exploration.
 6. AI in business intelligence
AI is playing an increasingly important role in business
intelligence (BI). AI-powered BI tools can help businesses collect,
analyze, and visualize data more efficiently and effectively. This
can lead to improved decision-making, increased productivity, and
reduced costs.

Some of the ways that AI is being used in BI include:

 Data collection: Collecting data from a variety of sources,

including structured data (for example, databases) and
unstructured data (for example, text documents, images, and
videos)

 Data analysis: To analyze data and identify patterns, trends, and

relationships

 Data visualization: AI can help create visualizations that make it

easier to understand data

 Decision-making: Insights and recommendations generated by AI

models can help drive data-driven decision-making for businesses
7. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Artificial Intelligence
An artificial intelligence program is a program that is capable of
learning and thinking. It is possible to consider anything to be
artificial intelligence if it consists of a program performing a task
that we would normally assume a human would perform.

While artificial intelligence has many benefits, there are also

drawbacks. The benefits of AI include efficiency through task
automation, data analysis for informed decisions, assistance in
medical diagnosis, and the advancement of autonomous vehicles.
The drawbacks of AI include job displacement, ethical concerns
about bias and privacy, security risks from hacking, a lack of
human-like creativity and empathy.

With all the hype around Artificial Intelligence - robots, self-driving

cars, etc. - it can be easy to assume that AI doesn’t impact our
everyday lives. In reality, most of us encounter Artificial
Intelligence in some way or the other almost every single day.
From the moment you wake up to check your smartphone to
watching another Netflix recommended movie, AI has quickly
made its way into our everyday lives. According to a study by
Statista, the global AI market is set to grow up to 54 percent every
single year. But what exactly is AI? Will it really serve good to
mankind in the future.
8. Future of Artificial Intelligence
Undoubtedly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a revolutionary field of
computer science, which is ready to become the main component
of various emerging technologies like big data, robotics, and
IoT. It will continue to act as a technological innovator in the
coming years. In just a few years, AI has become a reality from
fantasy. Machines that help humans with intelligence are not just
in sci-fi movies but also in the real world. At this time, we live in a
world of Artificial Intelligence that was just a story though for some
years.

We are using AI technology in our daily lives either unknowingly

or knowingly, and somewhere it has become a part of our life.
Ranging from Alexa/Siri to Chatbots, everyone is carrying AI in
their daily routine. The development and evolution of this
technology are happening at a rapid pace. However, it was not as
smooth and easy as it seemed to us. It has taken several years
and lots of hard work & contributions of various people to take AI
at this stage. Being so revolutionary technology, AI also deals
with many controversies about its future and impact on Human
beings. It may be dangerous, but also a great opportunity.
9. Conclusion

Artificial intelligence has the potential to transform all

organizations. The process by which this transformation happens
can vary, but the steps will tend to follow the roadmap we have
listed in this book. Following all the steps outlined in the previous
chapters will enable your organization to implement and excel in
the use of AI technology. It affects every sector, from
manufacturing to finance, bringing about never before seen
increases in efficiency. As more industries adopt and start
experimenting with this technology, newer applications will be
invented. AI will bring a change even more widespread and
sweeping than the introduction of computing devices. It will
change the way we transact, get diagnosed, perform surgeries,
and drive our cars. It is already changing industrial processes,
medical imaging, financial modeling, and computer vision. We are
well on our way to tapping into this enormous potential, and as a
result, the future holds better decision-making potential and
faster.
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