Plants Module 1. Management Project Management 1 Ibrahim Suleiman“A project: Can be defined as a series of related jobs usually directed toward some major output and requiring a significant period of time to perform. +*Project Management: Can be defined as planning, directing, and controlling resources (people, equipment, material) to meet the technical, cost, and time constraints of the project. +Examples; Construction .and building projects, mosques, dams and roads ‘Activities: Smallest pieces of work that consume time, activities need to be defined in such a way that when they are all completed the project is done.Project Control Charts Gantt chart: a type of bar Chart that illustrates a project schedule. A. Gant Chart Sage Acviten 'B, Total Program Cost Breakdown i ‘otal Wek ara ftNetwork Planning Models The network chart is a representation of the precedence relationships between activities through which we can compute the earliest start and finish for each activity. We have two network representations 1. The critical path method (CPM) The activity duration is known for certain and will not change 2. The program evaluation and review technique (PERT) In this technique we have three possible time estimates for each activity. For each activity we estimate the expected duration. Due to the uncertainty imbedded in the system, we estimate the time at which the project is expected to finish at certain probability levelsThe critical path method (CPM) Single Time Estimate Example: Consider that you have a group assignment that requires a decision on whether you should invest in a company or not. Your instructor suggested that you perform the analysis in the following four steps: “A — Select a company *B Obtain the company’s annual report and perform the ratio analysis *C Collect technical stock price data and construct charts. *D. Individually review the data and make a team decision on whether to buy the stockCPM Example - Continue First: The first step in the analysis is to identify the precedence relationships and the duration for each activity as we can see in the Table below Isaac Acmrry Destaxarioy PREDECESSORS TNE (WEEKS) Select company A None 1 Obtain annual port 8 a 2 and perform ratio, analysis Collect stock price data © A 1 ‘and perform technical analysis Review data and make D Band ' decisionCPM Example - Continue Second: draw a network diagram where each activity is shown on a node and the precedence is shown by an arrow as we can see in the Figure. @®CPM Example - Continue Third: Calculate the early start and early finish, late start, late finish for each activityCPM Example - Continue Fourth: determine the critical path of the project. Acritical path is the sequence of project network activities that add up to the longest overall duration. This determines the shortest time possible to complete the project. Shortest time to ond the projectCPM Example - Continue This will also identify the s/ack time for each activity Slack time = Late start (LS) — Early start (ES) or Late finish (LF) — early finish (EF) Activity Slack time Slack time evaluations show that we [, alae: can delay activity C by one week and still finish the project in 4 weeks. s Jfc8 c 24-= D 33-0[Many firms that have tied to enter the notebook computer market have Tailed, Suppose your firm believes that there is a big demand in this market because existing products have not been designed eor- rectly. They are too heavy, to0 large, or (oo small to have standard-size keyboards. Your intended com- puter will be small enough to carry inside a jacket pocket if need be. The ideal size will be no larger than 5 inches x 9% inches « 1 inch with a folding keyboard. Tt should ‘no more than 15 ounces Jand have an LCD display, a micro disk drive, and an ethernet port. This should appeal to traveling busi~ Inesspeople, but it could have a much wider market, including students. It should be priced in the 1S175-$200 range. The project, then, is to design, develop, and produce a prototype of this small computer, In the rapidly changing computer industry, itis crucial to hit the market with a product of this sort in less than a year. Therefore, the project team has been allowed approximately eight months (35 weeks) to produce the prototype. THE QUESTION WE ARE LOOKING FOR : WILL THE DESIGNING TEAM BE ABLE TO PRODUCE THE PROTTYPE WITHIN 35 WEEKS?Example 3.1 -continue After analyzing the project, the CPM activity designations and time estimates are as shown below (CPM ACTIVITY DESIGNATIONS AND TIME ESTIMATES IMMEDIATE. Tie ‘Activity DESIGNATION PREDECESSORS (wees) Design - a1 Build prototype A Evaluate equipment A Test prototype Write equipment report Write methods report Write final report Oumone>Example 3.1 -continue The CPM network is offExample 3.1 continue To calculate the project duration, we have to determine the critical of the network. The critical path (CP) is the longest sequence of connected activities and is defined as the path with zero slack time. To determine the CP we calculate the early start.and the late start schedules for all activities. The path along the activities that has zero slack is the CP of the network. After carrying the calculations the CPM network will beExample 3.1 -continue Sux Cucanons wo Ceca aH DUNN down ses Sux Owen P 0-0 SSUES RCaCEN,Example 3.1 -continue e +In_this project we have two critical paths: ACFG and ABDFG + The project duration is 38 weeks +The only activity that enjoys slack time is Activity E (slack=3 weeks) «In conclusion, this project cannot be. finished with 35 weeks as requiredQ&A