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Topic 6 DC Null Measurements

The document discusses DC Null Methods of Measurements, highlighting classical and modern systems that utilize null measurement techniques for improved accuracy in measuring DC voltages, currents, and resistances. It covers various methods such as the Wheatstone Bridge, Kelvin Bridge, and Potentiometer, emphasizing the advantages of these techniques over traditional analog meters. The document is based on Chapter 4 of 'Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements' by Robert Northrop.

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36 views12 pages

Topic 6 DC Null Measurements

The document discusses DC Null Methods of Measurements, highlighting classical and modern systems that utilize null measurement techniques for improved accuracy in measuring DC voltages, currents, and resistances. It covers various methods such as the Wheatstone Bridge, Kelvin Bridge, and Potentiometer, emphasizing the advantages of these techniques over traditional analog meters. The document is based on Chapter 4 of 'Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements' by Robert Northrop.

Uploaded by

xlp.alyssadeguzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/18/2025

Topic 6

DC Null Methods of Measurements

Content:
1. Introduction
2. Wheatstone Bridge
3. Kelvin Bridge
4. Anderson Constant Current Loop
5. Potentiometer

Book: Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements (Third Edition) by Robert Northrop


Chapter 4: DC Null Methods of Measurements

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Introduction
Classical Vs modern null measurement systems
Classical electrical Information and Measurement (I&M systems, developed in the late nineteenth and
twentieth centuries) often made use of null measurement systems. One reason for this was that the DC
and AC analog meters available in this era lacked accuracy. Null-based measurements were seen to not
rely on meter accuracy, only meter sensitivity, which was available.

DC null techniques are used with Wheatstone bridges, Kelvin bridges, and potentiometers to obtain
increased measurement accuracy on DC voltages, currents, and resistances, based on the fact that the
human observer can estimate the occurrence of a DC voltage or current null on a null meter with greater
precision than he or she can directly read an analog meter scale in millivolts or microamperes.

The accuracy of a DC null measurement system is derived from the known, calibrated accuracy of the resistors
making up the bridges or potentiometer and has little dependence on the analog null meter.
The bridge null at balance was sensed by a sensitive galvanometer

Although sensitive, a mirror galvanometer is not a mechanically robust instrument

Present day, DC null-sensing devices make use of electronic amplification and display devices
The amplifiers generally have differential, high-impedance (>1012 Ω) input stages, so the bridge unbalance is
sensed as an open-circuit DC voltage.

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VCCS = Voltage-controlled current source

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Home Work:

Problems 4.1 to 4.8

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