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SQL

The document is a practical file for the Information System Management Lab submitted by Sonali, a BBA student at Trinity Institute of Professional Studies. It includes a certificate of authenticity, a declaration of original work, and an acknowledgment of guidance from Dr. Manjari Agarwal, along with detailed SQL exercises and an overview of the Entity-Relationship Model. The contents cover various SQL commands and their applications in managing relational databases.

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4 views

SQL

The document is a practical file for the Information System Management Lab submitted by Sonali, a BBA student at Trinity Institute of Professional Studies. It includes a certificate of authenticity, a declaration of original work, and an acknowledgment of guidance from Dr. Manjari Agarwal, along with detailed SQL exercises and an overview of the Entity-Relationship Model. The contents cover various SQL commands and their applications in managing relational databases.

Uploaded by

behanik449
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trinity Institute of Professional Studies

Sec-9, DWARKA, NEW DELHI-110075

(Affiliated To)

Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University


SECTOR 16-C, DWARAKA, NEW DELHI

INFORMATION SYMTEM MANAGEMENT LAB

(BBA 307) PRACTICAL FILE

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Dr. Manjari Agarwal Sonali 05520601722
Associate Professor BBA 5A Shift 1
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Research Methodology Lab file being submitted is a bonafide
work done by Sonali, student of BBA 5th Semester at Trinity Institute of Professional
Studies affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in partial fulfilment of the
award of the BBA degree.

She has worked under my guidance and supervision.

Dr. Manjari Agarwal


DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the following documented project report on “Information System
Management Lab” is an original and authentic work done by me for the partial
fulfillment of Bachelor of Business Administration degree program.

I hereby declare that the entire Endeavour put in the fulfillment of the task and genuine and
original to the best of my knowledge & I have not submitted it earlier elsewhere.

Signature:
Name- SONALI
Course- BBA
Semester- 5th
Shift- 1st
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I Sonali wish to express gratitude to my mentor Dr. Manjari Agarwal who co-operated
and enabled me to complete my Research Methodology Lab file.

I express my sincere thanks for her valuable suggestive, informative and illuminative
guidance.

I express my utmost thanks for her encouragement, cooperation and consent.

NAME: SONALI
ENROLLMENT NUMBER: 05520601722
CONTENTS
S. No. Topic Page No.

SQL

1. Step 1: Create the table with coloumn 7-8

2. Step 2: Alter the table to add a new column 9

3. Step 3: Rename the Students table 10

4. Step 4: Insert rows into table 11-12

5. Step 5: Update a student's marks 13-14

6. Step 6: Delete a student record 15-16

7. Step 7: Select all students 17

8. Step 8: Aggregate functions to get insights 18-22

ER Model

9. Employee Management System 25

10. Customer Order System 26

11. Student Enrollment System 27


STRUCTURED
QUERY
LANGUAGE
SQL
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized programming language used to
manage and manipulate relational databases. It allows users to create, retrieve, update, and
delete data within a database. SQL is essential for managing data in Relational Database
Management Systems (RDBMS).

Key Features of SQL:

1. Data Definition Language (DDL):


o SQL provides commands to define the structure of the database, including
creating, altering, and dropping tables.
o Commands: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML):
o SQL enables manipulation of the data stored in the database through querying,
inserting, updating, and deleting records.
o Commands: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
3. Data Control Language (DCL):
o SQL allows controlling access to the database and managing permissions.
o Commands: GRANT, REVOKE.
4. Transaction Control Language (TCL):
o SQL provides control over transactions to ensure the integrity and reliability
of data.
o Commands: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT.
5. Querying Data:
o SQL can retrieve specific data using the SELECT command, often combined
with filtering (WHERE), sorting (ORDER BY), grouping (GROUP BY), and
joining data across tables (JOIN).
6. Data Integrity and Constraints:
o SQL supports defining constraints (e.g., PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY,
UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK) to ensure the accuracy and consistency of
data.
7. Portability:
o SQL is portable across different database systems, making it widely applicable
to various RDBMS platforms.
Popular RDBMS Systems: MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database, SQLite, etc.
Step 1: Create the table with column

Q: Create the Students table with column ID INT PRIMARY KEY,

Name VARCHAR(50),

Subject VARCHAR(50),

Marks DECIMAL(5, 2)
Step 2: Alter the table to add a new column

Q. Alter Students table to add a column for Enrollment Date


Step 3: Rename the Students table

Q: Rename Students table to CollegeStudents


Step 4: Insert rows into table

Q: Insert 5 rows into CollegeStudents table:-

(1, 'Amit', 'Maths', 85.50, '2023-01-01'),

(2, 'Sara', 'English', 90.00, '2023-02-15'),

(3, 'Raj', 'Science', 75.75, '2023-03-10'),

(4, 'Neha', 'Maths', 82.00, '2023-04-12'),

(5, 'Karan', 'English', 88.50, '2023-05-20');


Step 5: Update a student's marks

Q: Update marks to 92.00 of the student with ID 2


Step 6: Delete a student record

Q: Delete the student with ID 3


Step 7: Select all students

Q: Select all records from CollegeStudents table


Step 8: Aggregate functions to get insights

Q: Find the total number of students

Q: Calculate the average marks of students


Q: Get the highest marks

Q: Get the lowest marks


Q: Get the sum of total marks
ENTITY
RELATIONSHIP
MODEL
Entity Relationship Model
The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model is a conceptual framework used in database design to
describe the structure of a database in terms of entities, attributes, and relationships. It helps
in visually representing how data is interconnected in a database, making it easier to
understand and design complex systems.
Key Components of the ER Model:
1. Entities:
o An entity represents a real-world object or concept that has data stored in the
database. Examples include Student, Employee, Product, etc.
o Entities are represented as rectangles in an ER diagram.
Example:
o Student, Course, and Teacher can all be entities.
2. Attributes:
o Attributes are the data that describe the properties of an entity. Each entity
can have several attributes, which represent information about that entity.
o Attributes are represented as ovals connected to their corresponding entity in
an ER diagram.
Example:
o For the Student entity, attributes could include StudentID, Name,
EnrollmentDate, and Marks.
3. Relationships:
o A relationship represents how entities are related to each other. Relationships
can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.
o Relationships are represented as diamonds in an ER diagram.
Example:
• A Student enrolls in a Course, and a Teacher teaches a Course. The
relationships here are "enrolls in" and "teaches."
Customer Order System
Employee Management System
Hospital Billing System

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