1.

Simple Console Application:

using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
}
}

2. Differences between Array and ArrayList:

// Arrays are fixed-size and type-safe, while ArrayLists are dynamically sized and
store objects.
// Example:
int[] numbers = new int[5]; // Fixed-size array
ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList(); // Dynamic size, stores objects

3. Combine Two Arrays Without Duplicates Using Union():

using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] array1 = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int[] array2 = {3, 4, 5, 6};
var result = array1.Union(array2);
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", result));
}
}

4. Remove Duplicates from an Array:

using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5};
int[] distinctNumbers = numbers.Distinct().ToArray();
Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", distinctNumbers));
}
}

5. Count Total Elements in an Array Using Count():

using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Console.WriteLine("Total Count: " + numbers.Count());
}
}

6. Get Comma-Separated String from an Array:

using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
string[] words = {"Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"};
string result = string.Join(", ", words);
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
}

7. Sort a One-Dimensional Array Using Sort() and LINQ:

using System;
using System.Linq;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int[] numbers = {5, 2, 8, 1};
Array.Sort(numbers);
Console.WriteLine("Sorted using Sort(): " + string.Join(", ", numbers));
var sortedLinq = numbers.OrderBy(n => n);
Console.WriteLine("Sorted using LINQ: " + string.Join(", ", sortedLinq));
}
}

8. Difference Between Array and ArrayList (Table Format):

using System;
using System.Collections;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------");
Console.WriteLine("| Feature | Array | ArrayList
|");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------");
 Console.WriteLine("| Size | Fixed | Dynamic
|");
Console.WriteLine("| Type Safety | Strongly Typed | Stores Objects
|");
Console.WriteLine("| Performance | Faster | Slower
|");
Console.WriteLine("| Methods | Limited | Rich Collection
|");
Console.WriteLine("| Usage | Best for fixed data | Best for dynamic
data |");
Console.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------");
}
}

13. Generate Patterns (Triangle, Diamond):

using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
int n = 5;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string(' ', n - i) + new string('*', 2 * i - 1));
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--)
{
Console.WriteLine(new string(' ', n - i) + new string('*', 2 * i - 1));
}
}
}

14. Test for Prime Numbers:

using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter a number: ");
int num = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
bool isPrime = num > 1;
for (int i = 2; i < num; i++)
{
if (num % i == 0)
{
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
Console.WriteLine(isPrime ? "Prime" : "Not Prime");
}
}
15. Function Overloading to Swap Integers and Floats:

using System;
class Program
{
static void Swap(ref int a, ref int b)
{
int temp = a; a = b; b = temp;
}
static void Swap(ref float a, ref float b)
{
float temp = a; a = b; b = temp;
}
static void Main()
{
int x = 5, y = 10;
Swap(ref x, ref y);
Console.WriteLine($"Swapped Integers: {x}, {y}");
float p = 3.5f, q = 7.2f;
Swap(ref p, ref q);
Console.WriteLine($"Swapped Floats: {p}, {q}");
}
}

16. **Class for Staff Data and Displaying HODs:**

```csharp
using System;
class Staff
{
public string Name, Post;
public Staff(string name, string post)
{
Name = name;
Post = post;
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Staff[] staffList = new Staff[5]
{
new Staff("Alice", "HOD"),
new Staff("Bob", "Lecturer"),
new Staff("Charlie", "HOD"),
new Staff("David", "Assistant"),
new Staff("Eve", "HOD")
};
Console.WriteLine("HODs:");
foreach (var staff in staffList)
{
if (staff.Post == "HOD")
Console.WriteLine(staff.Name);
}
}
}
```

17. **Class with Default DA & HRA Values and Salary Calculation:**
```csharp
using System;
class Employee
{
public double Basic, DA = 0.1, HRA = 0.2;
public Employee(double basic)
{
Basic = basic;
}
public double CalculateSalary()
{
return Basic + (Basic * DA) + (Basic * HRA);
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Employee emp = new Employee(50000);
Console.WriteLine("Total Salary: " + emp.CalculateSalary());
}
}
```

18. **Compute Calories for Fat, Carbohydrate, and Protein:**

```csharp
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
Console.Write("Enter grams of fat: ");
int fat = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter grams of carbohydrate: ");
int carb = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter grams of protein: ");
int protein = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
int totalCalories = (fat * 9) + (carb * 4) + (protein * 4);
Console.WriteLine("Total Calories: " + totalCalories);
}
}
```

19. **Apply Same Background Color for Webpages:**

```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body { background-color: lightblue; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to BMS, BAF, and UG Students Page</h1>
</body>
</html>
```