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The Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) marked a significant period of technological, economic, and social transformation driven by coal and iron availability, steam engine development, and agricultural advancements. Key inventions included the Spinning Jenny, steam engine, and railroads, leading to urbanization, poor working conditions, and environmental pollution. In India, British industrialization negatively impacted local handicrafts while railways, initially for British benefit, eventually contributed to India's development.

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14 views1 page

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The Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) marked a significant period of technological, economic, and social transformation driven by coal and iron availability, steam engine development, and agricultural advancements. Key inventions included the Spinning Jenny, steam engine, and railroads, leading to urbanization, poor working conditions, and environmental pollution. In India, British industrialization negatively impacted local handicrafts while railways, initially for British benefit, eventually contributed to India's development.

Uploaded by

divyanshvgs10
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2.

History – The Industrial Revolution


Definition:
The Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) was a period of rapid technological,
economic, and social change that transformed industries and societies.

Causes:

Availability of coal and iron.

Development of steam engines (James Watt).

Agricultural advancements leading to population growth.

Growth of capitalism and trade.

Key Inventions:

Spinning Jenny (1764): Increased textile production.

Steam Engine (1769): Powered factories and transport.

Railroads (1804): Allowed faster movement of goods and people.

Effects:

Urbanization (people moved to cities for jobs).

Poor working conditions and child labor.

Rise of the middle class and capitalism.

Environmental pollution due to factories.

Impact on India:

British industrialization led to the decline of Indian handicrafts.

Railways built for British benefit but later helped India's development.

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