🙂

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Compsci Notes!!!!!!
*Note-the first part of the curriculum is on paper in my binder (hand-written!!)
​
01.Consensus building-the process of reaching an agreement with all team

members

a.​ Elements of consensus building

i.​ Inclusion :)
02. ​ Collaboration and Diverse Perspectives

a.​ Main benefit-fresh eyes-you might not notice everything if you’re

entrenched in it
b.​ Conflict Resolution-duh-hey
i.​ If you can’t solve your conflict, involve a third party
c.​ Negotiation-process of reaching an agreement through discussion
on how to approach a problem/task. Reach an agreement.
d.​Persuasion-how you convince others of your opinion
e.​ Communication
i.​ Active listening-don’t interrupt, respond thoughtfully
ii.​ Clarity/precision
03. ​ Incorporating User Perspectives in Program Development-enhances user

development

04.​ Investigation Methods in Development

a.​ Another word for empathy/investigate and reflect

b.​ Ways to investigate-Includes data collecting through surveys, user
testing, interviews, and direct observation
i.​ All gathers insights and feedback essential for refining your
program
05. ​ Once we find from the users what we need, we can start

understanding program requirements and design

a.​ Program requirements and design phase play a crucial role in

development of computing innovations
b.​ Ensures that program aligns with what user needs
06. ​ Program Requirements & specifications
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a.​ Define how a program functions and how a user interacts with it.
It’s the “what”
i.​ What it must accomplish
ii.​ What user needs
b.​ Specification-focuses on the “how”
i.​ How will it work
ii.​ How’s it gonna happen-take the input, give the output
c.​ Design phase-how to achieve this-brainstorming, planning,
organizing program into functional components
d.​Basically, what’s the input and output :D
07. ​ Testing strategies + program layout design

a.​ MUST INCLUDE testing

i.​ Includes a person to test the functionality, usability, and
reliability of developed programs-testing strategy
ii.​ Testing person can either be the developer or anyone else
iii.​ Make a testing strategy (different scenarios for how to test a
product) even before it’s completed or ready for testing-make
sure product covers all bases before testing
08. ​ Computing has a major social impact, and global initiative

a.​ Basically, Computing has effects globally and socially :)

09.​ There are lots of unintended effects in computing innovations
10.​
Ethics in computing (responsible usage of technology)

a.​ Some issues include

i.​ Data privacy
1.​ Note- DO NOT accept cookies!!!
ii.​ Intellectual property right-make sure it’s safe
1.​ It can check out the stuff u did-don’t let it do that
b.​ Responsible computing
i.​ Ensures fairness, promotes inclusion, etc. (like a guy running
for president)
c.​ Ethic case study OR AI issues
i.​ Data privacy
ii.​ Job displacement
iii.​ Biases in decisions
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iv.​ Surveillance, which includes:
1.​ Issues with national security, gvmt overreach
2.​ How much should gvmt be allowed to see? AI is really
bad at keeping stuff private…
​
11. Empathy-define-ideate/design-prototype-test + feedback

a.​ Order of events

b.​ Doesn’t necessarily go in a straight line-always go back to previous
steps and change stuff if necessary
i.​ Empathy-theme-should be catered toward your crowd
ii.​ Only go all the way back to Empathy if you’re changing the
whole theme
c.​ Process of going through all the steps is called iterative
development
d.​Another way to do the steps is incremental development. You go
through each step much slower, making sure each step works
perfectly the first time-involves less feedback loops/going back.
i.​ Each step should be tested before moving to the next one
ii.​ Usually if a team is using an ordered approach, they will use
incremental development​
iii.​ Also used a lot if you’re making a boring thing without many
possible changing (like accounting-don’t care about things like
colors)
e.​ Exploratory Development-uses iterative development
i.​ Care about creativity, adapting as you go
ii.​ Things without exact structure-room for fun/flexibility
1.​ Hint-exploratory- exploring stuff as you go
iii.​ Used for problems where innovation is the key-qs and as come
later in life
​
12. Understanding Programs and Code Segments-every program consists of

code segments-all do different things/tasks

a.​ They perform these tasks when executed by a computer

b.​ A code segment has a specific goal
c.​ Program- set of instructions for a computer. Algorithm-step by step.
Code segment- I guess a part of that
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​
13. Procedural Abstraction-a way of organizing big codes by breaking

complex tasks into small manageable parts called procedures/functions.

a.​ The reason code segments are good is b/c it breaks PA down
b.​ Instead of stressing about little details, you focus on what the
procedure does
c.​ You create a function to do a specific task
d.​You don’t need to remember how it works to use it, just what it
does
e.​ Makes code simpler, reusable, easier to understand
f.​ Ex-you don’t need to put equation for solving diameter of circle into
calculator-just put in radius, it calculates it for you

🙂
g.​You say what the function does, and the user clicks on it, the
computer performs it (easy-peasy )
i.​ If the function is on, it will print the output of the function
1.​ Ex-it will print the number of words in my essay if
that’s the function
h.​ Basically, it helps you reuse the same code over and over easily
​
14. Logic in Program Execution

a.​ Definition-Execution of a program involves a sequence of stuff

b.​ Basically, one function will call another function-do a lot of stuff
instead of just one
i.​ ex-If I give the word “copy,” it will automatically paste it also
and not just copy-access a string of words/commands 4 the
computer
c.​ Use repetitive code to install it
​
15. Events

a.​ Definition-any occurrence that triggers other things to happen

(cause and effect). Stuff that has events in it is called event driven
programming
i.​ Like a user giving the name of a file, the computer finds it and
counts the number of words (which would be the handler-see
below :)
b.​ And event handler determines when to run different blocks of code
(basically, the stuff that equals the cause part)
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i.​ Like clicking a button or loading a web page
ii.​ Example- clicking enter is the event, the mouse jumping down
a space is the handler
iii.​ When we do an event, we want something to happen
c.​ Functions & Events
i.​ A function is not an event. A function is a block of reusable
code to perform a task
ii.​ A function can be used as an event handler-a function is called
when we do an event
d.​Who triggers an event? 1-Usually the user, (by clicking a button).
2-It can also be the computer-like if a code triggers something to
happen
i.​ Ex- like a timer-the timer reaches zero (event), and then it
buzzes (function/handler)
e.​ A program that works automatically (no user interaction) works
differently than event-driven programming
i.​ Like calculating a number with the equation in there already
ii.​ If a program works with a step-by-step sequence that
doesn’t need a user to start each step is called non
event-driven programming
f.​ If a program runs through instructions without using events (boring)
is called Procedural Programming
g.​Short summary-an event handler is the function that happens as a
result of an event (in simple english!!)
h.​ An event does not affect the sequence of the program-it just
triggers it
​
16. Loops

a.​ Sometimes in programs, loops won’t run until a certain thing

happens-like once a counting function hits an even number, the loop
sequence will start
b.​ Definition-a function that works repetitively (NOT an event-called
procedural programming)
i.​ Runs through instructions in a straight line w/o event handling
ii.​ You can tell if s/t is
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​
17. You’re doing great!!!! Keep going!!!!!!

a.​ Here’s a joke to help you study- Why couldn’t Tommy fly the plane?
Cuz he doesn’t have arms! Why doesn’t Tommy have arms? Cuz he’s
a potato!!!!!

🙂
b.​ Now go get yourself at least 5 shots of espresso and then come
back and study the rest of this stuff
​
18. The Binary Number System (the zero-one thing)

a.​ Note-all the math we’re gonna do for the next few units is
ridiculously simple so u can skip this next section
b.​ *Hint-bi=2, so binary number system has just two digits, zero and
one
c.​ Every piece of data in the computer is represented by 0 and 1
i.​ 1 is “on,” yes electrical signal, and 0 is “off,” no electrical
signal
d.​Byte-8 bits
i.​ One bit is one 0 or 1
ii.​ So a sequence of 8 bits (or numbers) is considered a byte
e.​ If you know there are 40 bits, divide by 8 to get how many bytes
(we love 3rd grade math!!!)
f.​ Why are they called bytes? That is the smallest amount of memory
a computer can store at a time (it “bites” the information)
i.​ It can store more than a byte, just not less
ii.​ Nibble- os and 1s that hang off a byte, and the computer
breaks it up and processes it (more on that later)
g.​More on binary in the decimal system notes
h.​ A number in the binary system made up only of ones will always be
a power of two minus one (make sense?)
i.​ When a number is all ones, it will always equal the largest
number that can be represented by that amount of bits, so it
will be one less than the bit on top of it
1.​ Example- 111 will be one less than 1000
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ END TEST 1
​
19. The decimal system
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a.​ as opposed to the binary system-we act like Mrs. Grabie and use
the actual position of the number
b.​ Explained- instead of saying 8 in the context of .08, we say 8
hundredths
i.​ Or instead of saying 6 in the number 867, we say 60
1.​ Basically, instead of saying 678, we say 600 + 70 + 8​
ii.​ Each spot in the decimal system can go up to 9. (Like w/ real
numbers.) With the binary system, there’s only 0s and 1s. (I’m
confused too.)
c.​ Converting numbers to binary code- actually explained!
i.​ Basically, in the decimal system, 8 in the reference 800 would
be 8 x 10 exponent 2. So 872 would be 8(10 exp. 2) + 7(10
exp. 1) + 2(10 exp. 0) = 872.
ii.​ In the binary system, we do the same thing, just instead of
any number we use 0 and 1. So let's say we have 110. We do
the same exponent stuff, just with 2 instead of 10.
d.​Here’s a good example to explain how the binary system works- in
the thousands place (8000,) we would use 2 exp. 3 instead of 10
exp. 3. To get 8 in binary, we need the thousands place, cuz 1 x 2
exp. 3=8. We go all the way up there b/c we can only multiply the
exponents by 1 or 0. So we go to the thousands place, and for the
numbers under that we just write 0. So, 8 would be 1000.
i.​ Basically, it’s super easy to get 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., b/c they’re
exact exponents of 2.
ii.​ To get a number that doesn’t equal an exact exponent of 2,
we just use more 1s, like to get 6, we add 4 and 2. So we
would do 110.
e.​ With all of that being true, with smaller numbers (like we saw that
8 is 1000,) we use less bits. But that’s not an entire byte! So we fill
in lots of 0s in the beginning to make it a whole byte.
​
20. Converting Decimals to Binary

🙂
a.​ This doesn’t need to be explained, just use your common sense and
figure it out
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b.​ Explained anyway- Exponents of 2 (how the binary system is set
up) goes by the 2048 sequence of numbers. Just add all the
different numbers together until you get the number you want.
c.​ Everything added together is 255-max number you can get in one
byte
d.​Measurements:
i.​ A kilobyte (KB) is 1000 bytes.
ii.​ A Megabyte (MB) is 1000 kilobytes. (Or a million bytes)
iii.​ A gigabyte (GB) is 1000 megabytes. (Or a billion bytes)
iv.​ A terabyte (TB) is 1000 GB. (Or a trillion bytes)
1.​ Kira Made Great Teams
​
21. Encoding (a code for non-numbers)

a.​ Unlike binary, which represents only numbers, this code can be used
for letters, sounds, etc.
b.​ It represents paragraphs as a sequence of numbers
c.​ Programmers agree that certain numbers represent certain things.
i.​ Example- like KTE encoding (not actually true)-a smiley face is
always represented by 01.
1.​ So if you want to do a smiley, you type 01. Everyone is
familiar with KTE encoding, and the computer uses KTE
encoding to type it
d.​The computer can store documents, files, and drives with encoding
e.​ ASCII is one of the most standard encodings there are. It has a
chart with all the things it could say, translated into binary code.
i.​ Example- 72 is h, and 105 is i. So you put 72 105 in binary
code to say hi.
ii.​ Problems with ASCII:
1.​ ASCII only holds 7 bits, and computers store memory in
8 bits. It wastes space to keep adding zeros
2.​ ASCII only has 128 characters. What if I want to do
something that’s not in ASCII?
iii.​ How to solve them:
1.​ With the extra 8th place, some people used it as a
European character. But not everyone did that, so the
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computers weren’t uniform. That caused issues, because
computers coded things incorrectly, because everyone
wanted different things from the computer with the
same place
f.​ In order to be able to have more information that can be coded,
they made a new code, called unicode.
​
22. Unicode

a.​ Unicode increased the number of bits a computer can process, so

that more languages and stuff can be part of the chart
b.​ With unicode, each byte has 32 bits instead of 8, so there’s more
stuff you could say using one byte
c.​ Problems with Unicode-
i.​ Because each byte has so many more spaces, to say the letter
“a” would take 4 times the storage space
d.​Solutions-
i.​ English letters only use 8 bits per byte (or per letter), but
other languages can use more bits per letter, so “a” can be
said without 30 empty spaces
1.​ We know if a letter keeps going after 8 bits if the first
two bits are 11. If there’s 3 strings of 8 bits in a letter,
it will start with 111. Regular ASCII starts with a 0
a.​ If it starts with a zero, the computer knows it’s
ASCII and not unicode
b.​ If it uses two bytes (starts with 11,) it represents
other languages alphabets (Like hebrew)
c.​ Three bytes are asian languages which don’t
have regular alphabets (Like chinese)
d.​Four bytes are emojis and other stuff like that
e.​ If a sequence of 8 bits is in middle of a letter and

🙂
not the beginning part, it will always start with

🙂
10 (but u don’t need to know that )
e.​ With unicode, over a million things can be typed
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f.​ A hexadecimal number is what unicode uses instead of binary,
where numbers and letters are recorded in exponents of 16 instead
of 2
g.​Unicode is compatible with ASCII
h.​ UTF-8 is another name for unicode
​
23. The Internet

a.​ In order to do things like send an email, there is a seder:

i.​ the computer breaks up the thing you want to send into
smaller, more manageable pieces.
ii.​ It turns the pieces into Binary.
iii.​ It sends the stuff on radio waves, and the frequency of the
wave (how wide it is) will depend on if it’s a 1 or a 0
iv.​ It goes through wires to the ISP, or router
v.​ A router (ISP) looks at the heading of the binary stuff, and
figures out what the best way to send it to its location is
vi.​ Then, it goes through wires to get it to its location (can be
under the ocean if its across the world)
vii.​ Messages are carried in balloons that can talk to each other,
that operate with radio waves, that drop the messages
down into people’s phones
b.​ Physical layer-cables, physical stuff
c.​ Application layer-the stuff we use, like email
d.​The different networks couldn’t communicate with each other-set up
a protocol, or set of rules, that different networks can send stuff to
each other
e.​ Internet-Interconnected Network of networks
f.​ A message is split into packets. That keeps order and stuff.
g.​Anything you send will have the sender's address, destination’s
address
h.​ Domain name- an IP address (like google=domain name for
whatever numbers make up the IP address)
i.​ You write it instead of the IP address-like typing amazon
instead of a bunch of numbers
i.​ Oy va voy
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j.​ I GOT INTO CAMP!!!!!!!!!!!!! THANK YOU HASHEM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
k.​ Once the packets of messages have been sent, it lets the sender
know (when it says delivered)
i.​ It also lets you know if not all the packets went through, and
tells you to send it again
ii.​ Uses the domain name because it’s more human friendly and
not the IP address
l.​ Information is not scored in the app-it syncs. It gets the information
from the server, then it shows it to you
m.​The client is us, the server assigns an address based on the pool of
available IP addresses (or addressi.)
i.​ DHCPN assigns a temporary IP address for someone to
communicate with the internet, usable until you stop
ii.​ It takes the things you search for and turns it into an IP
address
n.​ How do we know everything has reached the destination?
i.​ The TCP looks at the numbers and sees if they match what we
put in, and then it knows that everything went though
​
24.Computing Devices

a.​ Not all computing devices are connected to the internet

i.​ Like a smart watch
b.​ A server is a powerful computer that serves other computers-
provides information for other computers (like a cute little
mishpacha)
i.​ Usually a big computer in the center of the building where all
the mini computers are
ii.​ Or it’s in a school-has all the students information
iii.​ Web server-responds to requests from web pages
iv.​ An online platform may have a server with all their
information in it-like infograsp.
1.​ When a teacher gets things from infograsp, they access
the shevach section in the service (can be a big tower)
and pull out our grades (yikes)
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c.​ A router helps route networks (like a post office and connects
computers and send platforms and stuff
d.​Embedded systems- computers embedded in everyday things (like a
smart fridge)
i.​ Usually for a specific purpose
ii.​ Usually concealed in another object
1.​ Like a thermostat (which reads data and decided
what temperature to set the ac on)
2.​ Or like washing machine which which judges the
weight and stuff of the load and decided how best to
wash it and stuff
iii.​ Embedded computers usually take input from users and the
environment (like a thermostat measuring the temperature of
the room) and give an output (how cool is that?)
iv.​ In general, embedded systems don’t need internet
1.​ IoT-internet of things, can be connected to the internet
v.​ They can be digital, mechanical, or hybrid (which would be
both)
e.​ What does end to end in the internet mean?
i.​ Refers to the network architecture of the internet-devices
would be the endpoints (We’ll see the slides, don’t worry)
​
25. The Cloud

a.​ The data centers began to use cloud computing

b.​ Cloud computing saves all the info w/o u having to go back and get
it
c.​ U can save stuff on cloud computing and use it on multiple devices
d.​Public clouds are accessible to e/o-like gmail, onedrive
e.​ A lot of companies have a private cloud, only specific group of ppl can
access it (like shevachhs.org)
f.​ Hybrid cloud-accessible to e/o
g.​
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‫בס"ד‬

The Classroom. The Classroom Setting. The Children’s Pamphlet- 1- A Unit On

Cells
Kumutz aleph- uh uh uh. Pasach aleph- ah ah ah. Segol aleph- eh eh eh. Tzairai aleph- ai
ai ai. Kibitz aleph- ee ee ee. Cheerik aleph- ee ee ee.
​ Aleph Byze Vyze Gimmel Daaled Hye. Vov Zayin Ches Tes and Yiddele. Kof Chof endde Chof
Lamed Mem endde Mem. Neeyin endde Neen, Samech Ayan. Pye, Fye, endde Fye, Tzaddik endde
Tzaddik, Keef Rysh Sheen Seen Tof and Sof.
​ Apladuyedizach, nofarduyediplach. Nesizevechtizach, vikidilee, vach dizach.
Nofaduyediplach, efizdulyniplach. Desezivchdizach, vikibinivi vy nuplach.
Pleeeeease end class. Now. Sorry, Rins. I know you like class.
Esther Leah Gutenberg. Baila Scharfman. Panina Ehrlich. Shani
Aurbach. Pnina. Penina. Panina. Panini. Penny. Penne. Pens. Nini.
Nina. Penya. Penna. PenPen. Pen. Pan. Panny.
NOT SMORES!!!!! I (AH) SAID HOT DOGS!!!!!!!!
I must go home. I will, shortly. In less than an hour, I’m gonna be done. Donesky.
Donzers. Donskarooni. Done-done. Doooooooooooone. Donster. Bilzy. Bilz. Bill.
Bilzers. Bilster. Bilsky. Bilstarooni. Smil the Bil. h h.h.h.h.h.h.h h h h h h h h h h
And and and and and and and and and and and and and. How about adn.
Nope, just and. Not adn. But, here layeth the comma, because, in, fancy
sentences, are, taken-apart, by, many a comma, the adn may feel invalidated.
In this generation, looking back at this olden dayeth sentence, we feel the need
to validate all feelings. In the olden days, when the sentence was crafted and
basted together, feelings were noteth of thyne mattereth.
​ What do u want me to write?
​ Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx
Yy Zz
HP101XPLaDeVance III
Nopalduyediplach.
These are my notes-just with random stuff.
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‫בס"ד‬

Schmooze- ‫ט”ו ו‬

‫ה 'ו‬ ‫זות נ‬ ‫ותה בקש בתי בי כל ימי חיי‬ ‫ת‬ ‫שא‬ ‫"אחת‬
‫בה‬
The one thing I ask of Hashem, that I request/desire, is to sit in the House of Hashem all the days of my life, to
bask/gaze at the beauty of Hashem and to frequent His Temple.
Why does the pasuk use the double lashon of ask and request? Wouldn’t one be enough? The pasuk is hinting that you
just have to want to want to bask in the Glory of Hashem, or even to want to want to want to bask in the Glory of
Hashem as many as 20 times.
(Tehillim ‫ד‬:‫כז‬:

HATZLACHA RABA!!!!!!

Notes on things to do with Spring groups-Sunday 11:30-1:45

By Rina Semmel
Girls-
Rina- good at doing round off back handsprings, does it consistently, nice form
Has an aerial
​ Can connect 4 bhs in a row from a round off
Dena- solid round off back handspring, almost has her pull over
Leah-fixing her round off back handspring, almost good
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Emmy- Just got it almost by herself down the cheese mat, working on floor
Devorah- Working on her back handspring on the cheese mat
Eliana-has her back handspring on the cheese mat
Chana- doesn’t really jump enough, working on her back handspring on the cheese mat
Atara- Is only willing to do back walkovers
*Do round-off practices!
*Practice round-off stop back handsprings with girls who don’t have it themselves yet-will be easier for them to get it on
cheese mat
*Start double back handsprings for girls who have it connected
*Keep the aerial station
Beam-
*Practice handstands on the low beams by themselves
*Practice handstands on the high beam (I can maybe stand there if they need me) with the big red block
*If someone’s really good at handstands on the high beam with the red block, she should try it with a crash mat by the
lowest high beam
*Do a shorter warm-up
*Have a side handstand station at all times (even while working on other things like regular handstands)
*Work on form in their straight jumps and split jumps-side point
*Have a station rotation like on floor-learn faster & more efficient
Bars-
*Kip ups as a station (maybe not for everyone)
*Make the last bar for casts
*Do pull-overs with blocks on the lowest set of bars (maybe)
*Work on back hip circles with everyone
Rina, Aliza, Shani, Zissi, Vigayil, Elisheva, Draizy, Mali, Racheli,
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‫בס"ד‬