PROJECT REPORT ON

Iot Based Electrical Meter

SUBMITTEDBY:

ROSHIN ROY
(Reg.No:220021087480)

MARCH 2025

In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

MAR SLEEVA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE MURICKASSERY
P.O-685604
IDUKKI DIST KERALA

Affiliated to

MAHATHMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY, KOTTAYAM

 MAR SLEEVA COLLEGE OF ARTS
AND SCIENCE
MURICKASSERY, RAJAMUDY P.O, IDUKKI(DT.)-685604
(AFFILIATED TO MAHATHMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY-KOTTAYAM,

UO NO: 4023/1/12/AcAVII)

CERTIFICATE

It is certified that the project work entitled “Iot Based Electric Meter”
was done by ROSHIN ROY (PRN:220021087480) under my guidance
and supervision and was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Application during
the academic year 2024- 2025.

Mr. AJU JOLLY Mr. Bijo Baiju

Head of the Department Project Guide
Dept. of Computer Dept. of Computer
Science Science

External Examiner: (Seal) Prof. Dr. MOLLY M A

Principal
 DECLARATION

I, ROSHIN ROY (PRN: 220021087480), 6th semester BCA student hereby

declare that the project report entitled “Iot Based Electric Meter” is a bonafide
Work done in partial fulfillment of requirement for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Application under the guidance of Mr. Bijo Baiju.

I further declare that no part of it has been formed on basis for the
award of any degree, diploma or any other similar title of any
university or institution or any person.

MURICKASSERY ROSHIN ROY

(PRN:220021087480)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. MOLLY M

A Principal, Mar Sleeva College of Arts and Science Murickassery, Idukki
who provided an atmosphere, which enabled me to do this project.

I express my sincere thanks to Mr. AJU JOLLY, Head of the Department for
his valuable support and deep encouragement in completing the seminar.

I express my sincere thanks to Mr. BIJO BAIJU, my Guide for his valuable
support and deep encouragement in completing the project.

I really deem it a special privilege to convey my prodigious and everlasting

thanks to my teachers, Mr. ABIN MATHEW SEBATIN, Mrs. EMY BABU,
Mrs. ANJU P BENNY , Mrs. CEENA VARGHESE and all others for their
timely help and sincere suggestions during the project work, without whose
support this project would not have been materialized.

I also express my sincere thanks to my parents and friends for their kind help.
Finally, I pay my homage to almighty for following me to complete my project.

MURICKASSERY ROSHIN ROY

(PRN:220021087480)
BCA 6th Semester
 CONTENTS
1.ABSTRACT....................................................................................................... 9
1.1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ 10
2.INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 12
2.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ........................................ 13
3.SYSTEM STUDY ........................................................................................... 15
3.1 SYSTEM STUDY................................................................................... 16
3.2 EXISTIG SYSTEM ................................................................................ 16
3.3 DISADVANTAGES ............................................................................... 17
3.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM ........................................................................... 17
3.5 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM ......................................... 18
4.SYSTEM ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 20
4.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS ...................................... 21
4.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY .......................................................................... 21
4.2.1 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY ...................................................... 21
4.2.2 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY ............................................................ 22
4.2.3 ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY ............................................................. 22
4.2.4 BEHAVIORAL FEASIBILITY ....................................................... 23
5. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................... 24
5.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION .................................................................. 25
5.1.1 ABOUT THE FRONT END .............................................................. 25
5.1.1.1 HTML .......................................................................................... 25
5.1.1.2 CSS............................................................................................... 25
5.1.1.3 PHP .............................................................................................. 25
5.1.1.4 PYTHON ..................................................................................... 26
5.1.1.5 ANDROID ................................................................................... 26
5.1.2 ABOUT THE BACK END ................................................................ 26
5.1.2.1 MYSQL DATABASE ................................................................. 26
5.1.2.2 PYTHON ..................................................................................... 27
5.1.3 ABOUT THE OS ............................................................................... 27
5.1.3.1 WINDOWS .................................................................................. 28
5.1.3.2 ANDROID ................................................................................... 28
6. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION .................................. 29
6.1. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION.......................................................... 30
6.2. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .............................................................. 30
6.2.1. H/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ............................................ 30
6.2.2. S/W SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ............................................. 30
7. SYSTEM DESIGN ......................................................................................... 31
7.1 SYSTEM DESIGN .................................................................................. 32
7.2 INPUT DESIGN ...................................................................................... 32
7.3 OUTPUT DESIGN .................................................................................. 33
7.4 DATABASE DESIGN ............................................................................ 33
 7.5 PROCESS DESIGN ................................................................................ 33
7.6 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ............................................................... 33
7.7 STRUCTURED DESIGN .................................................................. 34
8. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM ............................................................................. 35
9. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM ........................................................ 42
10. TABLE DESIGN .......................................................................................... 47
11. CODING ....................................................................................................... 57
12. SYSTEM TESTING ..................................................................................... 72
12.1 SYSTEM TESTING ................................................................................ 73
12.2 PURPOSE OF TESTING ........................................................................ 73
12.3 TYPES OF TESTING ............................................................................. 74
12.3.1 UNIT TESTING ................................................................................. 74
12.3.2 INTEGRATION TESTING................................................................ 74
12.3.3 PROGRAM TESTING ....................................................................... 75
12.3.4 SEQUENTIAL TESTING .................................................................. 75
12.3.5 SYSTEM TESTING ........................................................................... 75
12.3.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTING ................................................................ 75
12.3.7 INPUT TESTING ............................................................................... 76
12.3.8 OUTPUT TESTING ........................................................................... 76
13. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................. 77
13.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................. 78
14. SYSTEM MAINTANANCE ........................................................................ 79
14.1 SYSTEM MAINTANANCE ................................................................... 80
15. FUTURE ENHACEMENT .......................................................................... 82
15.1 FUTURE ENHACEMENT ..................................................................... 83
16. SCREENSHOTS .......................................................................................... 84
17. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................. 87
18. BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 89
19. WEBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................... 91
IOT BASED ELECTRICAL METER

1.ABSTRACT

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1.1 ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for efficient energy management has led to the adoption of
smart metering solutions that provide real-time monitoring and automated billing.
Traditional electrical meters require manual reading, which is time-consuming, prone
to errors, and often leads to delays in bill generation. To overcome these limitations,
this project proposes an IoT-based Smart Electrical Meter that automatically
senses electricity consumption in real time and generates bills accordingly.
This system integrates IoT (Internet of Things) technology with energy metering to
automate the process of tracking power usage and generating electricity bills. The
smart meter is embedded with a microcontroller, current and voltage sensors, a
Wi-Fi module, and an LCD display to continuously measure power consumption.
The measured data is transmitted to a cloud-based server via the internet, allowing
users and utility providers to remotely monitor electricity usage through a web or
mobile application.

Key Features:
1. Automated Consumption Sensing – The smart meter continuously
monitors power usage and records real-time energy consumption.
2. Wireless Communication – Using Wi-Fi or GSM modules, the collected
data is transmitted to a database for storage and analysis.
3. Automatic Bill Generation – The system calculates the total units
consumed and generates an electricity bill based on predefined tariff rates.
4. Remote Monitoring – Users can access their electricity consumption and
bill details via a mobile app or web portal.
5. Prepaid and Postpaid Billing Options – Users can opt for prepaid
recharge-based electricity usage or conventional postpaid billing.

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6. Energy Conservation Insights – The system provides analytical reports

and consumption trends to help users reduce energy wastage.

Working Principle:
1. The smart meter measures current and voltage to calculate power
consumption.
2. The data is processed by the microcontroller and sent to the database via Wi-
Fi or GSM.
3. The database server stores and processes the data to generate electricity bills.
4. Users can view real-time data, check bills, and receive notifications through
the mobile app.
5. The system can also send consumption reports to the electricity board for
centralized monitoring.

Conclusion:
This IoT-based smart meter provides a more efficient and automated solution for
electricity monitoring and billing. It reduces human intervention, eliminates errors,
and enables real-time data tracking, benefiting both consumers and utility providers.
By incorporating remote monitoring and power theft detection, the system enhances
transparency and promotes energy conservation, making it a step toward smart
energy management and sustainable power consumption.

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2.INTRODUCTION

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2. INTRODUCTION

In today’s rapidly evolving world, energy consumption has become a critical concern
for both consumers and utility providers. Traditional electricity meters require manual
reading, which is not only time-consuming but also prone to human errors, billing
discrepancies, and delays. As technology advances, the Internet of Things (IoT) has
emerged as a revolutionary solution to automate and optimize various processes,
including energy management.
This project introduces an IoT-based Smart Electrical Meter that automatically
senses electricity consumption and generates bills without human intervention. By
integrating IoT technology with modern metering systems, the proposed solution
ensures real-time monitoring, accurate billing, and remote access to consumption
data. The system consists of a microcontroller, current and voltage sensors, and a Wi-
Fi or GSM module for wireless data transmission. The collected data is processed and
stored on a database, allowing users to track their electricity usage via a mobile app.
With features such as automatic bill generation, remote monitoring, and
real-time notifications, this system significantly enhances efficiency, accuracy, and
transparency in energy management. It not only benefits consumers by providing real-
time insights into their power consumption but also helps electricity providers reduce
operational costs and minimize revenue losses due to faulty readings or electricity theft.
This project aims to revolutionize the traditional electricity metering system by
introducing a smart, automated, and intelligent energy monitoring solution that
paves the way for efficient and sustainable energy consumption.

2.1. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Aim:

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The aim of this project is to develop an IoT-based Smart Electrical Meter that
automatically measures electricity consumption, transmits real-time data to a cloud-
based server, and generates electricity bills without human intervention. This system
enhances the accuracy, efficiency, and transparency of power usage monitoring while
enabling remote access for both consumers and utility providers.
Objectives:
1. To develop an automated energy metering system that accurately measures
power consumption in real time.
2. To implement wireless communication using IoT technology (Wi-Fi/GSM) for
seamless data transmission to a cloud server.
3. To design a user-friendly interface (web portal or mobile application) that
allows consumers to monitor their electricity usage and billing details.
4. To eliminate manual meter reading errors by automating the data collection
and billing process.
5. To enable real-time bill generation, ensuring that consumers receive timely
updates on their electricity usage and charges.
6. To incorporate power theft detection mechanisms by analyzing unusual
consumption patterns and alerting authorities in case of discrepancies.
7. To provide real-time alerts and notifications for high consumption, bill
payment reminders, and abnormal usage trends.
8. To introduce prepaid and postpaid billing options, allowing users to choose
their preferred payment method.
9. To promote energy conservation by offering detailed consumption insights and
usage analytics to users.
10. To improve overall efficiency and reliability in electricity billing and
distribution systems through automation and smart monitoring.

This project aims to modernize traditional energy metering systems,

providing a cost-effective, reliable, and scalable solution for smart energy
management.

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3. SYSTEM STUDY

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3.1 SYSTEM STUDY

System study involves study for the current system in detail and to find out how it works
and where the improvements have to be made. It also involves the detailed study of the
various operations performed by the system and their relationship within and the outside
the system the analyst and the user work in close associations during the complete
analysis phase. This is a phase that determines what is to be done for software
development.

3.2 EXISTING SYSTEM

The current electricity metering and billing system relies on manual processes, leading
to inefficiencies and inaccuracies. Electricity consumption is recorded using traditional
meters, requiring field personnel to visit each meter and manually note readings. This
method is time-consuming, error-prone, and causes billing delays.

Challenges in the Existing System:

1. Manual Billing Process:

o Meter readings are recorded manually, increasing the risk of human
errors.
o Delays in bill generation lead to disputes between consumers and utility
providers.
2. Phone-Based Complaint Handling:
o Consumers must report complaints via phone calls or physical visits.
o No real-time tracking system for complaint resolution, leading to delays.
3. Manual Load Calculation:
o Load assessments are conducted manually, making it difficult to track
power demand.
o Overloading issues are detected late, increasing the risk of power failures.
4. No Real-Time Monitoring:
o Consumers cannot track their electricity usage or updated load details
through a mobile application.
o No alerts or insights on high consumption or unusual power usage
patterns.

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3.3 DISADVANTAGES

Disadvantages in the Existing System:

1. No Usage Limit Setting:

o The existing system does not allow consumers to set a usage limit, leading
to uncontrolled energy consumption.
o Without predefined limits, consumers cannot regulate their electricity
usage, resulting in higher bills.
o Lack of alerts for excessive power usage prevents users from optimizing
energy consumption.
2. Inefficiency of Manual Meter Reading:
o Meter readings are collected manually by field operators, making the
process slow and error-prone.
o Human errors in recording readings can lead to inaccurate billing and
disputes between consumers and electricity providers.
o Dependence on manual labor results in high operational costs and delays
in bill generation.
3. Limited Monitoring and Transparency:
o Consumers cannot track their real-time electricity usage, making it
difficult to manage power consumption effectively.
o No mobile application or digital platform is available for users to check
their updated power usage or receive consumption alerts.
4. Unsuitability for Future Residential Developments:
o As urbanization grows, traditional meter reading methods cannot scale
efficiently to meet future electricity demand.
o The absence of real-time data transmission and remote access makes the
current system outdated for smart grid integration.

3.4 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed IoT-based Smart Electrical Metering System is designed to enhance

electricity consumption monitoring, billing automation, and complaint management by
leveraging real-time data processing and IoT technology. This system ensures
transparency, efficiency, and improved service delivery for both consumers and
electricity providers. It provides real-time access to electricity usage, complaint
tracking, and notifications about power failures in specific areas. The system will also
help optimize power distribution and prevent energy wastage, contributing to a smarter
and more sustainable power management system.

Key Features:
1. Consumer Features:

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• Real-time Electricity Monitoring – Users can track their current load details,
energy consumption history, and billing details.
• Usage Limit Alerts – Consumers can set a predefined usage limit to avoid
excessive electricity consumption and get notified when nearing the limit.
• Complaint Registration & Tracking – Users can lodge complaints online, view
responses, and track the status in real time.
• Power Failure Notifications – Consumers receive alerts regarding power
failures and scheduled maintenance in their area.
• Billing and Payment Tracking – Users can view bill details, track payment
history, and receive payment reminders through a mobile app or web portal.
2. Admin & Branch Management:
• Main Admin Controls – The admin can add, update, or delete branch details,
manage employee information, and monitor branch activities.
• Branch-Level Operations – Each branch can register new consumers, search
consumer records, and manage billing information.
• Complaint Handling – The branch can handle complaints, respond to user
queries, and resolve issues efficiently.
• Load Analysis & Power Optimization – The system analyzes power
consumption trends and helps in reducing energy wastage, thereby preventing
power shortages.
• Employee Management – The admin can oversee staff activities, assign roles,
and track employee performance related to electricity distribution and consumer
support.
3. Benefits of the Proposed System:
• Automates the electricity metering and billing process, reducing human
errors and delays.
• Enhances consumer satisfaction by offering real-time monitoring and instant
complaint resolution.
• Improves power efficiency and prevents electricity shortages by enabling
load management and predictive analytics.
• Reduces operational costs by minimizing manual labor and increasing digital
automation.
By digitizing electricity metering, billing, and complaint management, this system
ensures a seamless and user-friendly experience while promoting energy conservation
and optimized power distribution.

3.5 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

This paper presents the development of an advanced intelligent system designed

to enhance the security, efficiency, and management of energy meters. The proposed
system aims to prevent unauthorized access and tampering, ensuring accurate and fair

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electricity consumption measurement. Additionally, it incorporates automated

complaint handling, streamlining the process for consumers to report and resolve issues
related to meter readings, billing discrepancies, and service interruptions.

The system also integrates a secure and user-friendly bill payment mechanism,
allowing consumers to conveniently pay their electricity bills through various digital
platforms, reducing delays and enhancing transaction efficiency. Furthermore, the
intelligent system provides real-time load information, enabling users to monitor their
energy consumption patterns and take necessary steps to optimize usage.

Moreover, the system maintains a comprehensive load history, storing detailed

records of power consumption over time. This data is valuable for both consumers and
utility providers, facilitating demand forecasting, energy conservation strategies, and
proactive maintenance. By leveraging advanced technologies such as IoT, machine
learning, and cloud computing, the proposed system ensures a smarter and more
efficient approach to energy meter management.

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4. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

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4.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis works with users to identify goals and build systems to achieve
them. System analysis is an important phase of any system development process. The
system is studied to the minute details and analyzed. Analysis is a detailed study of
various operations performed by a system and their relationships within and outside the
system. During analysis data are collected on the available files, decision points and
transaction handles by the print System, Interviews, on site observation and
questionnaire are the main tools used for system analysis.

The system analysts play the role of an interrogator and dwells deep in the
working of the present system. System analyst makes investigation and possible
changes to the existing system. At the conclusion of the system analysis there is a system
description and the requirement for a new system. If there is no existing system, the
analysis defines the requirements. Decide, which follows, purpose a new system that
meets its needs. This new system may be built a fresh or by changing the existing system
Developments begin by defining a model of new system and convert this model to a
working system. Finally, the data models are converted to a database and a processed
to user procedures and computer programmers.

4.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility is conducted to identify the best system that meets all requirements.
It is both necessary and important to evaluate the feasibility of a project at the earliest
possible time. Feasibility study includes an identification description, an evaluation of
proposed system and selection of the best system for the job. During the system is to be
carried out. This is to ensure that the proposed system is not a burden to the shop. The
feasibility study should be relatively cheap and quick.

The results should inform the decision of whether to go ahead with a more
detailed analysis, some understanding of the major requirements for the system is
essential. Four key considerations involved in the feasibility analysis are as given
below.

• Operational Feasibility
• Technical Feasibility
• Economic Feasibility
• Behavioral Feasibility

4.2.1 Operational Feasibility

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The purpose of the operational feasibility is to determine whether the new system
will be used if it is developed and implemented and whether there will be resistance
from users that will undermine the possible application benefits. The aspect of study is
to check the level of acceptance of the system by the user. This includes the process of
training the user to use the system efficiently. The user must not feel threatened by the
system, instead must accept it as a necessity.

The level of acceptance by the user solely depends on the methods that are
employed to educate the user about the system and to make him familiar with it. His
level of confidence must be raised so that he is also able to make some constructive.
The proposed system is an upgrade version of the current systems new fields have been
implemented according to the user need, hence it ensures all the aspects. The proposed
system is very much user-friendly and the system is easily understood by simple training
and it is operationally feasible to use by any users.

4.2.2 Technical Feasibility

A study of function, performance and constraints may improve the ability to

create an acceptable system, technical feasibility is frequently the most difficult area to
achieve at the stage of product. Engineering process. Technical feasibility is deals with
the hardware as well as software requirements. The scope was whether the work for the
project is done with the current equipment’s and the existing system technology has to
be examined in the feasibility study.

The result was found to be true. This feasibility is carried out to check the
technical requirements of the system. The developed system must have a modest
requirement; as only minimal or null changes are required for implementing this system.
this is related to the technicality of the project. This evaluation determines whether the
technology needed for proposed system is available or not. It deals with hardware as
well as software requirements. that is, type of hardware, software and the methods
required for running the system are analyzed .so it can be used in any windows OS
computer. This system requires very low system resources and it will work in almost
all configurations. In the existing system all functions are doing manually. So, if they
get this designed software, the problems can be avoided and thus the system will run
smoothly.

4.2.3 Economic Feasibility

Economic feasibility is the most frequently used method for evaluating the
effectiveness of the candidate system. It is very essential because the main goal of the
proposed system is to have economically better result along with increased efficiency.

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Acost evaluation is weighed against the ultimate income or product. Economic

justification is generally the bottom-line consideration that includes cost benefit
analysis, long term corporate income strategies, and cost of resources needed for
development and potential market growth. When compared to the advantage obtained
from implementing the system its cost is affordable. Proposed system was developed
with available resources. Since cost input for the software is almost nil the output of the
software is always a profit. Hence software is economically feasible.

4.2.4 Behavioral Feasibility

People are inherently resistant to change and computer is known for facilitating
the changes .an estimate should be made of how strongly the user. In the existing system
more manpower is required and time factor is more. The more manpower for managing
many files for dynamic data replication and more time for search through these files is
needed. But in the proposed system, both manpower and time factors are reduced and
unnecessary burden is reduced. Thus, the remaining people are made to engage in some
other important work.

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5. SYSTEM REQUIRMENT

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5.1 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

5.1.1 ABOUT THE FRONT END

5.1.1.1 HTML(Hyper-text Markup Language)

HTML is a MARKUP LANGUAGE that defines the structure of your content.

HTML consists of a series of elements, which you use to enclose, or wrap, different
parts of the content to make it appear a certain way, or act a certain way. The enclosing
tags can make a word or image hyperlink to somewhere else, can italicize words, can
make the font bigger or smaller, and so on.

5.1.1.2 CSS (Cascading Stylesheet)

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to create great-looking web pages, but
how does it work under the hood? This article explains what CSS is, with a simple
syntax example, and also covers some key terms about the language.

5.1.1.3 PHP

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for Web development but also
used as a general purpose programming language. PHP is now installed on more than
20 million Web sites and 1 million Web servers. While PHP originally stood for
Personal Home Page, it is now said to stand for PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor, a
recursive acronym. Document rather than calling an external file to process data. PHP
includes free and open source libraries with the core build.

PHP is a fundamentally Internet-aware system with modules built in for

accessing File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers, many database servers, embedded SQL
libraries such as embedded PostgreSQL, MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server and SQLite,
LDAP servers, and others. PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside
Linux, Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer to Python, Perl, or some mix
of the three. Similar packages are also available for Windows and OS X, then called
WAMP and MAMP, with the first letter standing for the respective operating system.

PHP is a server-side scripting language designed specifically for the Web.

Within an HTML page, you can embed PHP code that will be executed each time the
page is visited. Your PHP code is interpreted at the web server and generates HTML or
other output that the visitor will see. PHP was conceived in 1994 and was originally the
work of one man, Rasmus Lerdorf. It was adopted by other talented people and has gone
through four major rewrites to bring us the broad, mature product we see today. PHP is
an Open Source project, which means you have access to the source code and can use,
alter, and redistribute it all without charge. PHP originally stood for Personal Home

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Page but was changed in line with the GNU recursive naming convention (GNU= Gnu’s
Not Unix) and now stands for PHP Hypertext Pre-processor.

5.1.1.4 PYTHON

Python is a high-level, versatile, and widely-used programming language known

for its simplicity and readability. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in
1991, Python emphasizes code readability with its clean syntax, making it an excellent
choice for beginners and experienced developers alike. It supports multiple
programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional
programming, and comes with a vast library ecosystem that enhances its capabilities for
tasks like web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing,
and more. Python's community-driven development ensures continuous improvement
and a wealth of resources for developers. Its popularity has made it a go-to language for
various industries, from tech to finance to education.

5.1.1.5 ANDROID

Android programming primarily relies on Java and Kotlin, with Kotlin being the
preferred language since Google announced it as the official language for Android
development in 2017. Android applications run on the Android Runtime (ART) and are
developed using Android Studio, which provides a rich set of tools for building, testing,
and debugging apps. The Android framework offers various APIs for user interface
design, data storage, networking, and hardware interaction, enabling developers to
create dynamic and efficient mobile applications. Additionally, support for Jetpack
Compose has made UI development more intuitive and efficient, enhancing the overall
Android development experience.

5.1.2 ABOUT THE BACK END

5.1.2.1 MYSQL DATABASE

Database A database is a collection of information that is related to a particular

subject or purpose, such as tracking client orders or maintaining a list of project details.
If the database isn’t stored on a computer, or only part of it are one may be tracking
information from a variety of sources that one is having to co-ordinate and organize
himself using MySQL Server, one can manage all information from a single database
file. Within the file, data is divided into separate storage containers called tables, view,
add and update data by using online forms; find and retrieve just the data wanted for
reports. MySQL Server allows the user to view, update or analyze the database from
the Internet of an intranet by creating data access pages. MySQL, store that data only
once. This makes the database more efficient and reduces data-entry errors.

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Server as a relational database stores data in many related tables. A table is a

collection of data about a specific topic such as projects or clients. Using a separate
table for each topic means that, store that data only once. This makes the database more
efficient and reduces data-entry errors.

5.1.2.2 PYTHON

Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its

simplicity, readability, and versatility. It was created by Guido van Rossum and first
released in 1991. Python’s design philosophy emphasizes code readability and ease of
use, with its clean syntax and indentation-based structure making it an ideal choice for
both beginners and experienced developers. The language follows multiple
programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional
programming, allowing developers flexibility in writing code based on their specific
needs.

One of Python’s key strengths is its wide range of applications across various
domains. It is extensively used in web development, data science, artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), automation, game development,
embedded systems, networking, cybersecurity, Internet of Things (IoT), and
scientific computing. Python’s ecosystem includes powerful frameworks and libraries,
such as Django and Flask for web development, NumPy, Pandas, Matplotlib, and
TensorFlow for data science and machine learning, and PyTorch and OpenCV for
deep learning and computer vision.

Python is also known for its platform independence, allowing developers to

write code that can run on different operating systems, including Windows, macOS,
and Linux. Its dynamic typing, automatic memory management, and extensive
standard library make development faster and more efficient. The language supports
integration with other programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and JavaScript,
making it suitable for hybrid applications and system-level programming.

Another reason for Python’s popularity is its large and active global
community. With thousands of open-source projects, continuous improvements, and a
vast collection of third-party libraries available via PyPI (Python Package Index),
Python remains one of the most sought-after programming languages. It is frequently
updated with new features and improvements, ensuring its relevance in modern
software development. Due to its scalability, ease of use, and adaptability, Python is
used by top tech companies such as Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Netflix, and NASA,
reinforcing its status as one of the most powerful and influential programming
languages in the world.

5.1.3 ABOUT THE OS

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The OS used in making this project is Windows and Android.

5.1.3.1 WINDOWS

The hall mark software of Microsoft, which had created a new wave of graphical
user interface in the industry, WINDOWS XP stands in the top of its popularity. The
advent of Microsoft plus has cured whatever faults were there in the original
WINDOWS XP version and made it and useful tool to work with the memory resident
programs of it, make the reloading of WINDOWS XP easier, it plug and play
connectivity for input output devices makes a new dimension towards the use of
computer system. Connectivity to the information network slice Internet through
modems makes it overstate software. Almost all new software has their windows
version also. The programmer and file manager facilities of it had made a leap way
towards giving a new dimension towards the operation of computer systems.

5.1.3.2 ANDROID

Android OS is a Linux-based, open-source operating system developed by

Google for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and wearables.
Initially released in 2008, Android has become the most widely used mobile operating
system globally due to its customizability, flexibility, and extensive app ecosystem. It
is built on the Android Runtime (ART) and supports applications developed primarily
in Java, Kotlin, and C++, with additional support for web-based and hybrid applications.
Android OS features a user-friendly interface, multitasking capabilities, and deep
integration with Google services such as Google Search, Maps, Assistant, and the Play
Store. It follows a version-based release cycle, with major updates introducing new
features, improved security, and better performance optimizations. Android’s open-
source nature allows manufacturers like Samsung, OnePlus, Xiaomi, and Google Pixel
to modify and customize the OS to suit their hardware, leading to a diverse range of
devices. With support for AI-driven enhancements, 5G connectivity, IoT integration,
and advanced security features, Android continues to evolve, making it the dominant
force in the mobile operating system market.

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6. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

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6.1. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Selection of hardware configuration is very important task related task related to

the software development. The processor should be powerful to handle all the
operations. Latest version of any browser is must. Stable internet connection is required.

6.2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

6.2.1 Hardware System Configuration

• Processor - Intel core i3 and above

• Speed - 2GHz
• Hard Disk - 500 GB (min)
• RAM - 4 GB (min)

6.2.2 Software System Configuration

• Operating System - Windows 7 and above

• Front End - HTML, CSS, ANDROID
• Server-side Script - Python
• Database - My SQL
• Database Connectivity - pycharm community

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7. SYSTEM DESIGN

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7.1 SYSTEM DESIGN

The term design describes the final system and the way in which it is developed.
The system design is a solution, how to approach to the new system. This important
phase is composed of several steps. An emphasis is on translating the performance
requirements of our proposed system into design specification. Design goes through
logical and physical stage of development. In the design phase the physical design
producing the working system by defining a particular specification that helps to
knowing exactly what the new system must do. The logical design determines the
information flow into and of the system and require database. Design is a multistep
process that focuses on data structure, software, architecture, procedural details, and
interface between modules. The design process translates the requirements into the
representation of the software. Computer software design changes continually because
new methods, better analysis and broader understanding evolved. It provides the
understanding and procedure details necessary for implementing the proposed
system .an emphasis is on translating the performance requirement of our proposed
system into design specification. Design goes through logical and physical stage. The
system design is the last phase that indicate the final system and process of design phase.
In the designed phase of maintenance management system, the database tables, input
screens and output reports are designed. In table designing, redundancy is avoided.
Design is the only way that we can accurately translate a system requirement into a
software product. In our production management system, the all-input screens are
designed as user friendly and understandable.

7.2 INPUT DESIGN

Input design is the link that ties the information system into the world of its users.
The input design involves determining what the input is, how the data should be
performed, how to validate data, how to minimize data entry and how to provide a multi
user facility, inaccurate input data are the most common cause of errors in data
processing. Errors entered by data entry operator can be controlled by input design.
Input design is the process of converting user originated input to a computer-based
format. Input data are collected and organized into groups of similar data. Once
identified, appropriate input media are selected for processing.

All the input data are validated in the order and if any data violates any
conditions, the user is wanted by a message. If the data satisfies all he conditions, then
it is transferred to the appropriate table in the database. A form is designed to enter the
details about the user. And once the user enters the details the email id that he entered
will be validated and if no email with the same email-id is present only then he will be
able to register the account. After the registration the user will be directly taken to the
user’s page where he can select any user and start chatting. From the second time the
user can directly login from the login page itself.

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7.3 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design is very important concept in the computerized system, without

reliable output the user may feel the entire system unnecessary and avoids using it. The
proper output design is important in any system and facilitates effective decision
making. The output design of this system includes various reports. Output requirements
are designed during system analysis. An application is successful only when it can
provide efficient and effective reports. The goal of the output design is to capture the
output and get the data into a format suitable for the computer.

It is very helpful to produce the clear, accurate, and speedy information for end
users. A major form of the output is the harder copy from the pointer and screen reports.
Printouts are designed around the output requirements of the user. Allowing the user to
view the sample screen is important because the user is the ultimate judge of the quality
of output. Output of this project is provided in the form of reports created using crystal
report tool.

7.4 DATABASE DESIGN

Database is a collection of interrelated data stores with minimum the overall

objective in the development of the database technology has been to treat data as an
organizational resource and has an integrated whole. Database management system
allows data to be protected and organized separately from other resources. Database is
an integrated collection of data. This is the difference between logical and physical data.

7.5 PROCESS DESIGN

Process design represents the structure of data and program components that are
required to build a computer-based system. It considered the architectural style that the
system will take, the structure and properties of the components constitute the system,
and the interrelationships that occur among all architectural components of a system.
Although a software engineer can design both and architecture, the job is often allocated
to specialist when large, complex system are to be built. A database or data warehouse
designer creates data architecture for a system. Architectural design begins with data
design and proceeds to the derivation of one or more representations of the architectural
structure of the system. An architecture model encompassing data architecture and
program structure is created during architectural design.

7.6 PROCESS DESCRIPTION

MODULES

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1. ADMIN: Admin can add branch, view branch, assign pincode, set price, and
give approval for various employees for login.

2.BRANCH: Branch plays a crucial role in this application. Branch adds

consumer, view consumer, edit consumer, view complaints and register employees.

3.Employee: Employee can login, view complaints and update status for various
complaints.

4.User: Consumers are the users in this application. They are the primary users
on this application. They can view complaints, send complaints, view usage, pay bills,
view bill paid history and view bill history.

7.7 STRUCTURED DESIGN

Structured design deals with the data-flow in the system. It partitions a program
into hierarchy of modules. The modules are organized in a top-down manner and the
details will be at the bottom. The structured design begins with a system specification
that identifies inputs and outputs that described the functional of the Table.

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8. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

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DFD

The data flow diagram (DFD) was first developed by Larry Constantine as a way of
expressing system requirements in graphical from, this leads to modular design. A DFD,
is also known as a single ‘Bubble Chart’, has the purpose of clarifying system
requirements and identify major transformation that will become programs in system
design. A DFD consist of a series of bubbles joined by lines. The bubbles represent the
data transformation and the line represents data flow in the system.

DFD SYMBOLS

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9. ER DIAGRAM

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9. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Entity-relationship diagrams (ERD) are essential to modelling anything from

simple to complex databases, but the shapes and notations used can be very confusing.
This guide will help you to understand the ER Diagram notation, and you will be well
on your way to model your won database.

ER DIAGRAM ENTITY SYMBOLS

Entities are objects or concepts that represent important data. Entities are
typically nouns such as product, customer, location, or promotion. There are three types
of entities commonly used in entity relationship diagrams.

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ER Diagram Relationship Symbols

Within entity-relationship diagrams, relationships are used to document the

interaction between two entities. Relationships are usually verbs such as assign,
associate, or track and provide useful information that could not be discerned with just
the entity types.

ER Diagram Attribute Symbols

ERD attributes are characteristics of the entity that help users to better understand
the database. Attributes are included to include details of the various entities that are
highlighted in a conceptual ER diagram.

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10. TABLE DESIGN

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TABLE DESIGN

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11. CODING

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Index Page (Login)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>

<title>Health - Medical Website Template</title>

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<!-- HEADER -->

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<span class="phone-icon"><i class="fa fa-phone"></i> 010-060-
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<a href="index.html" class="navbar-brand"><i class="fa fa-h-
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<p>Pregnancy</p>
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<span>March 08, 2018</span>
<h3><a href="news-detail.html">About Amazing
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<span>February 20, 2018</span>

<h3><a href="news-detail.html">Introducing a new healing
process</a></h3>
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Nam et est ligula.</p>
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<h5>Jason Stewart</h5>
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<span>January 27, 2018</span>
<h3><a href="news-detail.html">Review Annual Medical
Research</a></h3>
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</section>

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name="name" placeholder="Full Name">
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<label for="email">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="email"
name="email" placeholder="Your Email">
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<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6">

<label for="date">Select Date</label>
<input type="date" name="date" value="" class="form-
control">
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<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-6">

<label for="select">Select Department</label>

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<select class="form-control">
<option>General Health</option>
<option>Cardiology</option>
<option>Dental</option>
<option>Medical Research</option>
</select>
</div>

<div class="col-md-12 col-sm-12">

<label for="telephone">Phone Number</label>
<input type="tel" class="form-control" id="phone"
name="phone" placeholder="Phone">
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<textarea class="form-control" rows="5" id="message"
name="message" placeholder="Message"></textarea>
<button type="submit" class="form-control" id="cf-submit"
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12. SYSTEM TESTING

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12.1 SYSTEM TESTING

Testing is an important phase in software development. After completion, the

system may work without any problem. But there should be several unknown or hidden
errors in the system still remaining. The error chances may have injected into the system
at any stage of the development. Even if there are techniques to detect and eliminate the
errors, some errors may retain in the system. So, after the completion of coding, the
system is to be executed with the only purpose of detecting maximum number of errors.
The tester executes the system, and inputs different types of values those may cause
error or some exceptional situation in the system. The error locations detected through
the testing are to be corrected in the system then. So, the important and the only aim of
testing is to detect and cure even a less possible of an error that may face in the future
executions of the system. Testing begins at the module level and work towards the
integration of entire computers-based system. Nothing is completed without testing, as
it is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that
if all parts of the system are corrected, the goal will be successfully achieved. Inadequate
testing or non-testing may lead to errors that may not appear until months later.

12.2 PURPOSE OF TESTING

Testing is the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption
that if all part of the system is correct, the goal will be successfully achieved. The
following points shows how testing is essential. Existence of program defects of
inadequacies is inferred. Verifies whether the software behave as intended by its
designer. Checks conformance with requirements specification or user need.

Access the operational reliability of the system. Test the performance of the
system. The performance of the system. Reflects the frequencies of actual user inputs.
Find the fault which caused the output anomaly. Detect flaws and deficiencies in
requirements. Exercise the program using data like the real data processed by the
program. Test the system capabilities. Judges whether the program is usable in practice.
Testing objectives There are several rules that can serve as testing objectives.

They are: Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding
error. A good test case is one that has high probability of finding an undiscovered error.
A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error. If testing is conducted
successfully according to the objectives as stated above, it would uncover errors in the
software. Also testing demonstrates that software functions appear to the working
according to the specifications, that performance requirement appear to have been met.
These are three ways to test a program for correctness for implementation efficiency for
computational complexity.

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Test for correctness is supported to verify that a program does exactly what it
was designed to do. This is much difficult that it may at first appear especially for large
programs. Tests for implementation efficiency attempt to find ways to make a correct
program faster or use less storage. It is a code-refining process, which reexamines the
implementation phase algorithm development. Tests for computational complexity
amount to an experiment analysis of the complexity of an algorithm or an experiment
comparison of two or more algorithms, which solve the same problem.

12.3 TYPES OF TESTING

System testing is the stage of implementation, which is aimed at ensuring that

the system works accurately and efficiently before live operation commences. Testing
is vital to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical assumption that if
all the parts of the system are correct. The goal will be successfully achieving. The
candidate system is subject to a variety of tests. A series of tests are performed for the
proposed system is ready for system acceptance testing.

The various levels at which testing are conducted are

• Unit testing

• Integration testing

• Sequential testing

• System testing

• Validation testing unit testing

12.3.1 UNIT TESTING

In unit testing each program unit is tested individually.so any errors in a unit are
debugged. Sample data is given for unit testing. The unit test results are recorded for
future references. Unit testing focus verification efforts on the smallest unit of software
design, the module. This is known as “module testing.” It comprises of the set test
performed by an individual programmer prior to the integration of unit into the large
system. The modules are tested separately, this testing is carried out programming stage
itself.

In this step each module is found to be working satisfactory as regard to the

expected out from module. The unit testing was done for every module in the software
for various inputs, such they each line of code is at least once executed. This testing was
carried out during the unit to a large system.

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12.3.2 INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing the program

structure while at the same time conducting test to uncover errors associated with
interfacing.

12.3.3 PROGRAM TESTING

Program testing checks for two types of errors; syntax and logic. A syntax error
is a program statement that violates one or more rules of the language in which it is
written. A logic error deals with incorrect data fields. When a program is tested, the
actual output is compared with the expected output. All the modules are combined and
tested as a whole. Here correction is difficult because the vast expenses of all errors
uncovered are correct for the next testing steps. We follow bottom-up integration.
Bottom-up integration testing as its name implies begin construction and sling with
atomic modules.

12.3.4 SEQUENTIAL TESTING

Sequential or series testing is checking the logic of one or more

programs in the candidate system, where the output of one program will affect
the processing done by another program.

12.3.5 SYSTEM TESTING

System testing executing a program to check logic changes made in it and with
the intension of finding errors-making the program fails. Effective testing does not
guaranty reliability is a design consideration. This testing consists of a series of different
test whose primary purpose is to fully exercise the computer based system.it begins
where integration testing is completed and finally software is completely assembled as
package, interfacing errors are uncovered and corrected.

12.3.6 ACCEPTANCE TESTING

Acceptance testing is running the system with live data by the actual user. An
acceptance test has the objective of selling the user in the validity and reliability of the
system. A comprehensive test report is prepared. The report indicates the system’s
tolerance, performance range, error rate and accuracy. It verifies the system procedures
operate to system specification and the integrity of important data is maintained,
performance of an acceptance test is the users show. User motivation is very important

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for the successful performance of the system. After that a comprehensive test report is
prepared. This report shows the systems tolerance, performance range, error rate and
accuracy.

12.3.7 INPUT TESTING

Here system is tested with all verifiable combination of input. User may type
data in situations like entering password, numerical details etc. The system is tested
with all the causes and it responded with appropriate error message.

12.3.8 OUTPUT TESTING

Here the output is tested to view where the screen is what which is desired. It is
also checked whether it is to the satisfaction of the user. Changes that need to be done
can be done after the result is seen.

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13. SYSTEM IMPLIMENTATION

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13.1 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

A crucial phase in the system life cycle is the successful implementation of the
new system design. Implementation involves creating computer compatible files,
training the users, installing hardware, terminals. In the system implementation, user
training us crucial for minimizing resistance to change and giving the new system
chance to prove its worth. The objectives of the system implementation are to put the
system into operation while holding costs, risks, and personal irritation to minimum.
Once the physical system has been designed in details, the next stage is to run the design
into a working system and then to monitor the operation of the system to ensure that
continue to work efficiently and the operation of the system to ensure that is continues
or work efficiently and effectively. The implementation stage is often very complex and
time consuming because many more people are involved than in the earlier stages.

The system implementation will take place through various stages as:

o Implementation planning
o Education and training
o System testing
o System implementation
o Change over

The implementation plan includes a description of all the activities that must occur to
implement the new system and to put it into operation. To achieve the objectives and
benefits from computer-based system, it is essential for the people who will be confident
of their role in the new jobs. After software is developed to meet user’s requirements,
users test it for acceptance. The changes over phase are used to provide adaptability for
the new system.

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14. SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

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14.1 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE

Software maintenance is the process of modifying a software system or

component after its delivery in order to correct faults, improve the performance and
other attributes, or to adapt to the changed environment. maintenance covers a wide
range of activities including correcting the error and design coding, updating the
documentation and test data, and upgrading the user hardware and software.
maintenance is always necessary to keep the software usable and useful. Hardware also
requires periodic maintenance to keep the system into its standards. After installation is
completed and user start is adjusting to the changes created by the candidate system.
evaluation and maintenance begin. If new information is consistent with design
specification the changes must be made. Hardware also requires periodic maintenance
to keep in tune with design specifications. User priorities changes in organizational
requirements or environmental factors also called for system enhancements.

Maintenance means restoring something to do its original condition. Unlike

hardware, software does not wear out; it is corrected.in contrast, enhancement means
adding, modifying, or redeveloping the code to support changes in the specifications.it
is necessary to keep up with changing user needs the operational environment.
Maintenance means repairing processing or performance failures or making changes
because of previously uncorrected problems or false assumptions. adaptive maintenance
means changing the program function.

Perfective maintenance means enhancing the performance or modifying the

program to respond to the user’s additional or changing needs. Of these types, more
time and money are spending on perfective than on corrective and adaptive maintenance
together.

SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO:

• Corrective maintenance.

• Adaptive maintenance.

• Perceptive maintenance.

Corrective maintenance removes software faults. Perfective maintenance improves the

system without changing its functionality. The objective of perfective maintenance
should be to prevent failures and optimize the software.

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Adaptive maintenance modifies the software to keep it up to date with its operative
environment .it may be needed because of changes in the user requirements, changes in
target platform, or changes in external interfaces. Minor adaptive changes should be
handled by normal maintenance process. Major adaptive changes should be carried out
as, a separate development project.

If you want to changes the software to improve future maintainability or reliability or

to provide better basis for future enhancement, then perceptive maintenance is
performed.

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15. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

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15.1 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

Almost every project is subjected to change on depending on the client

requirements. Since this system is subjected to change for each client, there is always a
scope for further enhancement. The system and the architecture of the assessment
system is a compatible one, so addition of new modules can be done without much
difficulty.

These future enhancements will further improve the functionality, user

experience, and overall value of the Musical Event Management System, ensuring it
remains a cutting-edge solution for the events industry.

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16. SCREEN SHOTS

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LOGIN PAGE

HOME PAGE

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REGISTRATION PAGE

CONSUMER REGISTRATION PAGE

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17. CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION

The IoT-based electric meter system is a significant advancement in energy

monitoring and billing, offering an efficient, accurate, and automated solution for
electricity consumption tracking. By integrating smart sensors, microcontrollers, and
IoT connectivity, the system continuously records power usage and transmits real-time
data to both consumers and utility providers. This eliminates the need for manual meter
reading, reducing human errors and operational costs while improving billing accuracy.

One of the key benefits of this system is its ability to generate electricity bills
automatically based on real-time consumption. Users receive timely notifications about
their energy usage, enabling them to make informed decisions about their power
consumption and adopt energy-saving practices. This level of transparency helps in
budget management, preventing unexpected electricity costs.

From the perspective of utility providers, the IoT-based electric meter enhances
operational efficiency by enabling remote access to meter data, reducing the need for
on-site visits. It also assists in detecting faults, power theft, and unusual consumption
patterns, allowing for quicker responses to system anomalies. Additionally, the system
can be integrated with smart grids for better demand-side management and energy
distribution.

Furthermore, the implementation of such smart metering technology supports

the transition towards sustainable energy management. By providing real-time insights
and data analytics, the system encourages users to reduce unnecessary power
consumption, contributing to energy conservation efforts and reducing carbon
footprints.

In conclusion, the IoT-based electric meter is a revolutionary step towards

smarter electricity management. It not only simplifies the billing process and enhances
accuracy but also promotes energy efficiency and sustainability. With continuous
advancements in IoT and smart technologies, such systems will play a crucial role in
the future of energy distribution and management.

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18.BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

• System Analysis and Design, Elias Mewed

• An integrated Approach of Software Engineering, Pankaja Lote

• Introduction to Database Management, Naveen Prakash

• Analysis and Design of Information System, V. Rajkumar

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19. WEBLIOGRAPHY

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WEBLIOGRAPHY

• W3Schools: https://www.w3schools.com/css/

• Wikipedia: https://www.wikipedia.org

• GeeksforGeeks: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/

• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/

• Freecodecamp: https://www.freecodecamp.org/

• Android: https://developer.android.com/

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