Mensuration

S.No Term Description

1 Mensuration It is a branch of mathematics that deals with the measurement of length, area, and volume of
plane and solid figures.
2 Perimeter a) The perimeter of a plane figure is defined as the total length of its boundary.
b) Its unit is the same as that of length (e.g., m, cm, km).
3 Area a) The area of a plane figure is the surface enclosed by its boundary.
b) Its unit is the square of the length unit (e.g., m², km²).
Shapes with Known Area and Perimeter
Shape Perimeter Area
A=L×B
Rectangle P = 2(L + B) L and B are the length and breadth
of the rectangle.
A = a²
Square P = 4a
a is the side of the square.
Triangle P = Sum of sides A = ½ × Base × Height
Parallelogram P = 2 (Sum of adjacent sides) A = Base × Height
A = πr²
Circle P = 2πr
r is the radius of the circle.
A = ½ × h × (a + b)
Trapezium P = Sum of lengths of all sides
h: height; a, b: parallel sides.
A = ½ × d × (h₁ + h₂)
General
P = Sum of lengths of all sides d: diagonal; h₁, h₂: perpendicular
Quadrilateral
heights.
A = ½ × d₁ × d₂
Rhombus P = 4a d₁, d₂ are the diagonals of the
rhombus.
Important Terms to Remember for Solid Figures
Term Description
Surface Area Surface area of a solid is the sum of the areas of all its faces.
Lateral Surface Area The lateral surface area of a solid includes only the faces excluding the top and bottom faces.
Volume The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object (solid figure) is called its volume.
- Units: Cubic units are used for volume.
Key Notes
Area Measurement: For two-dimensional regions, square units are used (e.g., m², cm²).
Volume Measurement: For three-dimensional objects, cubic units are used (e.g., m³, cm³).
Capacity: Volume is sometimes referred to as capacity, especially when describing how much a container can hold.
Measurements and Formulas for Cuboid and Cube
Type Measurement
Surface Area of a Cuboid 2(LB + BH + LH), where L = Length, B = Breadth, H =
Height.

Lateral Surface Area of a Cuboid 2(L + B)H.

Diagonal of a Cuboid √(L² + B² + H²).
Volume of a Cuboid LBH.
Total Length of All Edges (Cuboid) 4(L + B + H).
Surface Area of a Cube 6L², where L = side length of the cube.
Lateral Surface Area of a Cube 4L².
Diagonal of the cube V√3
Volume of a cube L3
Surface Area and Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder
Key Terms and Descriptions
Term Description
Radius The radius (r) of the circular base is called the
radius of the cylinder.
Height The length of the axis of the cylinder is called
the height (h) of the cylinder.
Lateral Surface The curved surface joining the two bases of a
right circular cylinder is called the lateral
surface.
Measurements and Formulas
Type Formula
Curved or Lateral Surface Area 2πrh
Total Surface Area 2πr(h + r)
Volume πr²h