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CT Queston Solution

RStudio consists of four main panes: Source Pane for writing scripts, Console Pane for running commands interactively, Environment/History Pane for displaying variables and command history, and Files/Plots/Packages/Help/Viewer Pane for managing files and visualizations. Functions in R are used for code reusability, modularity, readability, and avoiding repetition, with an example function provided to calculate variance. The document also covers basic data types in R and provides commands to create a 3x2 matrix and a data frame with specific vectors.

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10 views4 pages

CT Queston Solution

RStudio consists of four main panes: Source Pane for writing scripts, Console Pane for running commands interactively, Environment/History Pane for displaying variables and command history, and Files/Plots/Packages/Help/Viewer Pane for managing files and visualizations. Functions in R are used for code reusability, modularity, readability, and avoiding repetition, with an example function provided to calculate variance. The document also covers basic data types in R and provides commands to create a 3x2 matrix and a data frame with specific vectors.

Uploaded by

zidanbinkayome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question: How many windows/panes in R studio? Briefly explain their main task?

Answer: RStudio has four main panes (or windows).They are: Source Pane (Top Left),Console Pane (Bottom
Left),Environment/History Pane (Top Right) ,Files/Plots/Packages/Help/Viewer Pane (Bottom Right).Here are the
main tasks of each pane in RStudio:

Source Pane (Top Left) : Used for writing and editing scripts, R Markdown, and other code files. It allows you
to save and run code efficiently.

Console Pane (Bottom Left) : Runs R commands interactively. You can type commands directly and see
immediate results.

Environment/History Pane (Top Right):

 Environment Tab: Displays stored variables, data frames, and loaded objects.
 History Tab: Keeps a record of previously executed commands.

Files/Plots/Packages/Help/Viewer Pane (Bottom Right)

 Files: Manages project files.


 Plots: Displays generated graphs.
 Packages: Manages installed R packages.
 Help: Provides documentation for functions and packages.
 Viewer: Renders web content (e.g., interactive visualizations).

Question: When should we use function? Write a unction in R to find out the variance of a
vector?

Answer:

We should use a function when:

 Code Reusability – If you need to perform the same task multiple times.
 Modularity – To break down complex tasks into smaller, manageable parts.
 Readability & Maintenance – Functions make your code cleaner and easier to understand.
 Avoiding Repetition – Instead of rewriting the same code, use a function to simplify the process

R Function to Calculate Variance of a Vector: Here’s a simple function to compute variance in R:

calculate_variance <- function(x) {

n <- length(x)

mean_x <- mean(x)

variance <- sum((x - mean_x)^2) / (n - 1) # Sample variance formula

return(variance)

}
Question: write down the name of different data types and their uses in R. Write a syntax
to input a 3 by 2 metrix where elements will go by rows?

Answer:

Data Types: In programming, data type is an important concept. R has a variety of data types and object
classes. Basic data types in R can be divided into the following types:

 Numeric: A numeric data type is the most common type in R, and contains any number with or without
a decimal. Example: 10.5, 55, 787
 Integer: Integers are numeric data without decimals. This is used when you are certain that you will
never create a variable that should contain decimals. To create an integer variable, you must use the
letter L after the integer value. Example: 1000L, 55L.
 Complex: A complex number is written with an "i" as the imaginary part. Example: (9 + 3i, where "i" is
the imaginary part)
 Character: These are string which are single or double quotes. Example: "k", "R is exciting", ‘FALSE’,
‘11.5’.
 Logical (boolean): TRUE or FALSE.

Matrix: In R, you can use the matrix() function to create a 3×2 matrix where elements are filled by rows using
the byrow = TRUE argument. Here’s the syntax:

# Creating a 3x2 matrix with elements filled by rows

my_matrix <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), nrow = 3, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)

# Print the matrix

print(my_matrix)

Question: To crate a following data frame, write down the appropriate commands in R.
Give a name of this data frame. Create four vectors of height, weight, gender and religion
of 5 pupils. Make a data frame naming as data_set.

Answer:

To create a data frame in R with four vectors (height, weight, gender, and religion) for 5 pupils, use the
following commands:

height <- c(150, 160, 155, 165, 170) # Heights in cm

weight <- c(45, 55, 50, 60, 65) # Weights in kg

gender <- c("Male", "Female", "Male", "Female", "Male") # Gender

religion <- c("Islam", "Hindu", "Buddhist", "Christian", "Islam") # Religion

data_set <- data.frame(Height = height, Weight = weight, Gender = gender, Religion = religion)

# Printing the data frame

print(data_set)
Explanation:

 Created four vectors: height, weight, gender, religion.


 Used data.frame() to combine these vectors into a data frame named data_set.
 Printed the data frame to check its contents.

Example Output:

Height Weight Gender Religion

1 150 45 Male Islam

2 160 55 Female Hindu

3 155 50 Male Buddhist

4 165 60 Female Christian

5 170 65 Male Islam

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