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Study on the Charging and Discharging Characteristics of the Lithium-ion

Battery Pack

Article in DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering · September 2018

DOI: 10.12783/dtcse/cmsms2018/25231

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Southwest University of Science and Technology Inner Mongolia University of Technology
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2018 International Conference on Computational, Modeling, Simulation and Mathematical Statistics (CMSMS 2018)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-562-9

Study on the Charging and Discharging Characteristics of the

Lithium-ion Battery Pack

Li ZHANG, Shun-li WANG, Lei CHEN, Yao WANG and Jie SU

Southwest University of Science and Technology

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery pack, Current ratio, Closed circuit voltage, Charging and discharging
characteristics.

Abstract. As the charging and discharging current ratio has an important influence on the charging
and discharging characteristics of the lithium-ion battery pack, the research on it can provide the basis
for the calculation of SOC and the safe use of the lithium battery. In this paper, the change rule of
charging and discharging voltage is studied by means of experimental study. The results showed that
the higher the charging current ratio is, the more the voltage drop after the voltage reached the stable
state, and the maximum decrease of 0.95V.The higher the discharging current ratio is, the greater the
battery discharge to the cut-off voltage after reaching steady state voltage, highest in 1.21 V. Namely,
the battery pack is stable after the open circuit voltage and closed circuit voltage difference between
charging and discharging current into positive correlation.

Introduction
Aviation lithium battery pack, as the planes' auxiliary power energy, is used to check the main
instruments, supply electricity for the ignition device and emergency energy supplement for a sudden
accident. In practical application, it is used with groups no matter in electrical car or in aerospace. But
at present, the study of lithium battery's charging and discharging electrical performance aims at
researching single lithium battery cell. Thus the conclusion may ignore the inconsistencies between
the group work units and a single cell, and then it will influence the status of lithium battery when
estimating the group lithium battery status. And finally this process will lead to the wrong estimation
of lithium battery state. So it is necessary to study the charging and discharging characteristics of
aviation lithium battery in groups.
At present, some researchers have done some researches on the working characteristics of lithium
batteries in groups. Mao Wenlong, Liu Jianwen et al. studied the electrical properties of a high-power
lithium iron phosphate battery after full charge storage for a long time; Fu Qiang, Wei Pingfen et al.
studied the key parameters of the battery pack in terms of battery pack performance evaluation
methods; Rao Minmin, Wang Zuolong et al. studied the room temperature and low temperature
startability, rate override performance, and low temperature discharge performance of lithium iron
phosphate battery packs used in automotive start-up power supplies.
This paper mainly studies the performance changes of lithium-ion battery packs under different
charging and discharging rates. The charging-discharging experiments at different magnifications are
used to obtain the parameter curves that characterize their state changes, thus provide a theoretical
basis for the effective and safe use of lithium battery packs.

Experimental Procedure
The capacity test of aerated lithium cobalt oxide battery used the method of full discharging.
Lithium-doped lithium cobalt oxide batteries are placed in different temperature environments for
discharge experiments to discuss the impact of changes in ambient temperature on the battery
discharge capacity. Specific steps are as follows:

388
 1) The charging method is: charging the battery pack at constant charge rate A, and stopping the
charging until the battery pack voltage reaches 29.05V or any single battery in the battery pack is
greater than 4.15V;
2) The discharging method: put the battery in the ambient temperature for one hour, and then
discharge the battery pack at the discharge rate B, until the battery voltage drops to 21V or any cell
voltage in the battery pack is lower than 3V. Stop discharging;
3) Change the battery charge and discharge rate, charge and discharge experiments, record the
battery voltage during charge and discharge changes, the charge and discharge rate as shown in Table
2;In witch, a is the charge rate, b is the discharge rate.
4) According to the experimental data, the curves of the battery voltage under different charging
and discharging rates are drawn in the course of charging and discharging.
Table 1. Basic technical parameters of 7ICP3 lithium battery.
Factor Parameters
Rated voltage/V 3.7
Rated capacity/(Aꞏh) 4
Discharge cut-off voltage/V 3
Charging cut-off voltage/V 4.15
Working-temperature range/
-15~70
℃

Table 2. Charge and Discharge Current Magnification.

2ed-gr 3th-gr 4th-gr 5th-gr 6th-gr
oup oup oup oup oup
a 0.2C 0.3C 0.5C 1C 1.2C
b 0.5C 0.2C 1C 1.2C 0.3C

Experimental Results and Analysis

The Charge Characteristics for Lithium-ion Battery Pack with Different Rate
Figure 1 is the change curve of the battery voltage with time in the charging process. It shows that in
the lithium battery charging process, higher the current multiplying rate is, the faster the battery
group can reach the set charge cut-off voltage.
30

29

28

27 0.2C
0.3C
26 0.5C
U(V)

1C
25 1.2C

24

23

22

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000

t(s)

Figure 1. The change of battery voltage with charge current multiplying ratio.

389
 1.0
U(V)
0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

U(V)
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Current(C)

Figure 2. The voltage variation with the discharge rate of recovery.

The phenomenon of voltage drop in memory at the end of the charge is mainly caused by Ohm
internal resistance and polarization internal resistance. Table 3 is the voltage parameter of the battery
pack after an hour after charging.
It is shown by Figure 2 that the voltage drop caused by the ohm internal resistance and the
polarization internal resistance is positively related to the charging current multiplying. The growth
trend is faster and faster, that is, the charge current ratio is negatively correlated with the open circuit
voltage.
The Discharging Characteristics of Different Rate
As shown in Figure 3, Aeronautical lithium battery pack are drawn through experimental data to
draw the curve of battery voltage changing with time at different discharge rates in the discharge
process.
29

0.2C
28
0.3C
0.5C
27
1C
1.2C
26
U(V)

25

24

23

22

21
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
t(s)

Figure 3. Change of battery voltage with discharge current multiplex.

390
 U(V)
1.2

1.0

0.8

U(V)
0.6

0.4

0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Current(C)

Figure 4. Variation of voltage recovery with discharge ratio.

Due to the influence of the battery pack inconsistencies, a battery monomer to cut-off voltage in
advance and make the battery voltage can't down to 21 v, as shown in figure 3, the voltage is greater
than 21 v voltage variation curve. Learning from the voltage change curve, the discharge inception
voltage is affected by the charging ratio and differences, in the process of discharge of the lithium
battery pack, the discharge current ratio, the greater the battery faster to set the default of electric
discharge by the voltage, and reaches the cut-off voltage value, the smaller the discharge end because
of the ohm internal resistance under different discharge rate and polarization resistance, the influence
of the size of the voltage recovery also has bigger difference. Fig. 4 is the relationship between the
voltage recovery of the battery pack and the discharge rate after an hour after discharge.
Figure 4 illustrates the battery discharge after the electricity, the ohmic resistance and the
polarization resistance caused by voltage recovery are positively correlated with the charging current
rate, the growth trend along with the increase of current ratio gradually flatten out.

Conclusions
By detecting in non-charging and discharging rate, the aeronautical cobaltic acid lithium battery
charge-discharge curves of voltage and the voltage change on stand for an hour after charging and
discharging, this paper analyzed the relation between the charge-discharge rate and the aeronautical
cobaltic acid lithium battery properties. In the charging process, if sufficient charge is supplied to the
battery, a small rate charge current is selected, in the discharge process, can use large rate discharge
current that the battery could be withstood to achieve the actual power requirements.

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