+WORK SHEET

Atomic Structure, Periodic Table of the Elements & Classes

I) Multiple choice questions. Circle ONE of the answers A, B, C or D.

 In the periodic table, reading from left to right and top to bottom, the elements are arrange in order
of A. the number of protons in their nucleus B. the number of neutrons in their nucleus
C increasing atomic mass D. increasing mass number
 An element has 38 electrons orbiting the nucleus. In which period and group of the periodic table
will it be found?
A. Group 1, period 4 B. Group 2, period 5
C. Group 3, period 3 D. Group 4, period 2
 Which of the listed elements have the lowest electronegativity?
A. 12Mg B. 13Al C. 19K D. 17Cl
 What is the general configuration of the elements located in d-block in the periodic table?
A. ns2 B. nd1-10 C. ns2 nd1-10 D. ns2(n-1)d1-10
 Which one of the following has the smallest atomic radius?
A. Li (Z = 3) B. N (Z = 7) C. F (Z = 9) D. C (Z = 6)
□ The atomic number of an atom X is 13. How many electrons will it have in its valence level?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 5
□ Which one of the following is not a valid electronic structure?
A. 2, 8, 4 B. 2, 6 C. 2, 9, 1 D. 2, 8, 8, 2
□ The elements in group 17 (VIIB) are:
A. alkali metals B. alkalineearth metals
C. halogens D. noble gases
□ Which sets of the quantum numbers is unacceptable in a ground-state atom?
A. n = 3 l = 2 ml = 0 ms = +1/2 B. n = 2 l = 2 ml = –1 ms = –1/2
C. n = 6 l = 2 ml = +2 ms = +1/2 D. n = 4 l = 0 ml = 0 ms = –1/2
□ Which property is not characteristic for alkali metals?
A. They are shiny-silver metals. B. Can’t exist as free elements in the nature.
C. In reaction with water form strong base and hydrogen. D. They are very inactive metals.

II) Naturally occurring copper is a mixture of two isotopes. The first one has 29 protons and 34
neutrons while the other has two extra neutrons. Complete the table for the two isotopes:
No. protons No. neutrons No. electrons Atomic No. Mass No.
Isotope 1 29 34 29 29 63
Isotope 2 29 36 29 29 65

III) What do the following designations stand for, 4s and 3p3? Explain.
4s states that the orbital in question is in the 4th layer and in the s subshell, while 3p3 states that the
orbital in question is in the 3rd layer and has 3 electrons in the p subshell.

IV) Which set of quantum numbers describe the following orbitals?

7s n=7, l=0, ml=0; 6p0 n=6, l=2, ml=0; 5d-1 n=5, l=2, ml=-1; 4f3 n=4, l=3, ml=+3
V) a) Explain why it takes more energy to remove a 3s electron from an atom of sodium than 5s
electron from an atom of rubidium. Is this periodic or group trend?
Due to sodium's position higher up in the group, its atomic radius is comparatively smaller, resulting
in electrons being closer to the nucleus and exhibiting greater stability. Conversely, rubidium, located
lower in the group, possesses a larger atomic radius, causing electrons to be farther from the nucleus
and thus more susceptible to removal, leading to decreased stability.
It’s group trend
b) Explain the trend in electronegativity.
In this example, because sodium is upper in the group, it has higher tendency to pull electrons towards
it, and because rubidium is lower in the group, it has lesser tendency to pull electrons and a higher
tendency to donate electrons, making it less electronegative than sodium.
VI) Fill in the table.
Name of the Atomic Mass Number Number of Number of Symbol of
element number number of protons neutrons electrons the nuclide
Lead 82 208 82 126 82 Pb
Carbon 6 14 6 8 6 C
Helium 2 3 2 1 2 He

VII) Two atoms have the following composition:

Atom A; 37 protons, 38 neutrons, 37 electrons Rhenium - Re
(write symbols for both particles)
Atom B; 37 protons, 40 neutrons, 37 electrons Iridium - Ir
a) What is the relationship between these particles? Explain.
They are isotopes because they share the number of protons but differ in neutrons
b) These two particles have very similar chemical properties. Explain why?
Because they have the same number of electrons

VIII) Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic radius: 16S, 13Al, 17Cl and 11Na.
Cl, S, Al, Na Does your arrangement demonstrate a periodic or group trend? periodic
Explain your observation
As the number of valent electrons increase so does the atomic radius decrease

IX) Fill in the blanks.

Wordlist: period, group, similar, same, alkali, halogens, metallic, IA , metalloids, left, right
Group is a vertical line of elements. Members of the same group exhibit similar properties because the
elements have the same number of outer electrons. The group which contains the most reactive metals
is IA. It is called alkali metals group. The VIIB group is called the group of halogens. Noble or inert
gases are found in group 18. The horizontal row of elements is called period. The element's character
changes from metalic to non-metallic, moving from left to right across a period. Therefore the
strongest metals can be found at the bottom left corner, while the strongest non-metals are situated at
the top right corner in the periodic table. However, there are elements that exhibit both metallic and
non-metallic character. These elements with dual nature are called metalloids
X) Write the short electron configuration of selenium atom, 34Se? 34Se: [18Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4
□ Use the configuration to determine: (Don’t forget to provide a brief explanation for each)
 outer (valence) shell 4th shell (4s2,4p4 , n=4 the shell with the highest q.n.);;
 number of valence electrons.; 6 ( the sum of electrons in valence shell, 4+2=6)
 number of unpaired electrons 2 ( only 4 electrons are paired in subshell p, leaving the other 2
electrons unpaired) ;
 class (block) in the periodic table p-block( the last subshell is p subshell);
 period number in pte: 4 group number in pte: 16 ;
 list the fully completed electron shells K,L,M – 2,8,18;
 possible valence/s VI or II;
□ Write the half-reaction of ionization of this atom: 34Se: [18Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4 + 2e Se2- [36Kr]
34

□ Draw the orbital diagram (by boxes) of the valence shell for this atom. What are the quantum
numbers for every electron in the highest in energy occupied shell?

4s2
n=4, l=0, ml=0 ms=+1/2
n=4, l=0, ml=0, ms= -1/2

XI) Give the corresponding atomic orbital designations.

a) n = 1 l = 0 ml = 0 1s b) n = 4 l = 2 ml = +3 4d+3
c) n = 5 l = 3 ml =  3 5f-3 d) n = 2 l = 1 ml = 0 2p0