19

Lecture-02b 20
1. A precipitation measuring 125 mm occurred over a
catchment. If the infiltration, interception,
depression storage and other losses are 50 mm,
find direct runoff and total runoff.
Answer:
Precipitation P = 125 mm
Losses L = 50 mm
Direct runoff (DRO) =P – L
= 125 – 50
= 75 mm
Total runoff = DRO + L
= 75+50
= 125 mm
2. Flow of River Chenab at Marala Barrage varied linearly from 34 cumec (m3 /sec) to 283 cumec
in 10-hours during a flood. The flow variation at Khanki Barrage, downstream of Marala was
observed to be from 28 to 255 cumec during the above mentioned time. Assuming no lateral flow
in or out of the reach, find out the rate of change of storage of the river reach between Marala and
Khanki. What is total change in storage of the reach in this period.
Answer:
I1 = 34 cumec , I2 = 283 cumec
O1 = 28 cumec , O2 = 255 cumec
According to hydrologic equation
( I1 + I2 ) /2 - ( O1 + O2 ) / 2 = ∆S/∆t
Here:
I = ( I1 + I2 ) / 2 = ( 34 + 283 ) / 2 = 158.5 cumec
O = ( O1 + O2 ) / 2 = ( 28 + 255 ) = 141.5 cumec
Rate of change of storage=∆S/∆t
= 158.5 - 141.5
∆S/∆t = 17 cumec
∆t = 10 hours = 10 x 60 x 60 = 36,000 sec
Total change in storage =∆S =(∆S/∆t) x ∆t
= 17 x 36,000
= 612 x 10³ m3
3.Water at a constant rate of 370 cumec was observed to be entering into
Tarbela Reservoir in a certain season. If outflow from the reservoir including
infiltration and evaporation losses is 280 cumec, find out the change in storage
of reservoir for 10 such days. Also convert your answer into Hectare-Meter.
Answer:
I = 370 cumec
O = 280 cumec
ΔS = ?
According to hydrologic equation,
I - O = ΔS / Δt
370 – 280 = ΔS / Δt
ΔS / Δt =90 cumec
Δt =10 x 24 = 240 hours = 240 x 60 x 60 = 864x10³ sec
Total change in storage = ΔS = (ΔS / Δt) x Δt
= 90 x 864x10³
= 777.6x10*4 m3
Total change in storage in Hectare -Meter = 777.6x10*4 / 10*4
= 777.6 Hectare-m
4. A part of catchment area of Hub River measuring 78 km² received 100 mm of rainfall in
3 hours due to a storm. A drainage stream joins this part of catchment to the Hub River.
The stream was dry before rainfall and there was flow in the stream for a period of 2.5 days
with an average discharge of 10 cumec. After the storm runoff, the stream again became
dry. Find the losses, direct runoff and total runoff in cumec and Hectare-meter.
Answer:
According to given data,
Area of catchment A= 78 km2
=78x(10*6) m 2
P = 100 mm =0.1 m
Q = 10 m3 /sec
t = 2.5 days
= 2.5 24x60x60 sec
Total runoff = PxA = ( 0.1 ) x 78 x 10*6
= 7. 8x(10*6)m 3
= 7. 8x(10*6)/10*4 = 780 Hectare-m
DRO = Qxt=10x2.5x24x60x60
=2.16x10*6 m3
=2.16x10*6/10*4
=216 Hectare-m
L = P - R = 7.8x10*6 - 2.16x10*6
= 5.64x10*6m 3
= 564 Hectare-m
5.Assume that Mangla Reservoir has surface area of 39 sq. km in
the beginning of a certain month and the water depth is 76.20 m
for this whole surface of the lake. Further assume that sides of
reservoir are nearly vertical. Now in that month the reservoir
received an average inflow of 226.50 cumec as a direct runoff, and
direct precipitation of 125 mm. The outflow from the reservoir was
170 cumec and evaporation and seepage losses were estimated to
be 113 mm during that month. Find out depth of reservoir at the
end of that month and total increase or decrease in the storage.
Answer:
The hydrologic equation will be applied to solve this water budget related problem.
Δt = 1 month = 30 x 24 x 60 x 60 = 2.592x10*6 sec.
Total inflow as direct runoff = I x Δt
= 226.50 x 2.592x10*6 m3
= 587.088x10*6 m³
Addition from precipitation = precipitation x surface area of reservoir
= (125/10³)x39x10*6
= 4.875x10*6 m3
Total outflow = O xΔt
= 170 x 2.592x10*6
= 440.64x106 m3
Losses = ( Evaporation + Seepage ) x Surface area of reservoir
= (113/10³)x39x10*6
=4.407x10*6 m3
Now the total change in volume of storage
= total volume of inflow + total volume of precipitation – ( total volume of outflow + total volume
of losses )
=587.088x10*6 + 4.875x10*6 – ( 440.64x10*6 + 4.407x10*6 )
= 146.916x10*6 m3
Change in depth of reservoir = change in storage / surface area
= 146.916x10*6 / 39x10*6
=3.77 m
Depth at the end of month = depth in the beginning + change in depth
= 76.20 + 3.77 = 79.97 m
 CE-306 Engineering Hydrology
Assignment No.1
Submission Date: 18th September, 2024
S
Questions
No

During July, 1996 monthly inflow to Tarbela Reservoir was 20 billion cubic meters and outflow was
1
18.70 billion cubic meters. Find the rate of change of storage and change in storage during the period.

At Basha Reservoir the storage volume is 11,410 million cubic meters at elevation of 1,180 m. If inflow
2 is 11,500 cubic meters per second. Find the time to fill the reservoir up to mentioned elevation.
Assume that losses are negligible.
Mangla Lake had a water surface level of 650 m above a datum at the beginning of a certain month. In
that month the lake received an average inflow of 250 cumecs. There was an outflow of 150 cumecs. In
the same month, the lake received a rainfall of 150 mm and the evaporation from the lake surface was
3
5 cm. Using hydrologic equation, estimate the water surface elevation of the lake at the end of the
month. Assume the lake surface area as 450 hectares and that there was no contribution to or from
the groundwater storage.
A small catchment of area 150 ha received a rainfall of 10.5 cm in 90 minutes due to storm .At the
outlet of the catchment was dry before the storm and experienced a runoff lasting for 10 hours with an
average discharge of 1.5 cumec. The stream was again dry after the runoff event. Determine:
4 a).What is the amount of water which was not available to runoff due to combine effect of
infiltaration,evaporation and transpiration.
b).What is the ratio of runoff to precipitation?

Late submission  50% reduction of marks per day