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CONJUCTIONS

The document explains various conjunctions and phrases used to indicate time and causation in English, such as 'no sooner...than', 'hardly', 'as soon as', and 'prior to'. It highlights the correct syntax for these phrases, particularly the inversion of subject and verb in negative constructions. Additionally, it covers phrases like 'due to', 'because of', and 'provided that', along with their usage in sentences.

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9 views3 pages

CONJUCTIONS

The document explains various conjunctions and phrases used to indicate time and causation in English, such as 'no sooner...than', 'hardly', 'as soon as', and 'prior to'. It highlights the correct syntax for these phrases, particularly the inversion of subject and verb in negative constructions. Additionally, it covers phrases like 'due to', 'because of', and 'provided that', along with their usage in sentences.

Uploaded by

Nota Prouss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONJUCTIONS & PHRASES

 No sooner … than
(=immediately after or when)
Όταν ένα γεγονός συμβαίνει χρονικά ακριβώς μετά από ένα άλλο,
χρησιμοποιούμε τη φράση no sooner…than. Το no sooner εισάγει
πάντα το γεγονός που προηγείται.
ex.:
No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came.
(= με το που έφτασα, ήρθε και το τραίνο.  πρώτα ήρθα εγώ και
μετά ακολούθησε το τραίνο)

Προσοχή στη σύνταξη!


Όταν ξεκινάμε μια πρόταση με αρνητική λέξη (no), βάζουμε το
ρήμα πριν από το υποκέιμενο.
No sooner had she read the letter than she started crying.
(OXI: No sooner she read the letter than she started crying.)

Η αντίστοιχη συντακτική δομή (αντιστροφή υποκειμένου –


ρήματος ) δεν χρησιμοποιείται με το when ή το before.

 Hardly and scarcely


Με τον ίδιο τρόπο μπορούμε να χρησιμοποιήσουμε το hardly και
το scarcely.
Ex.:
Hardly had I reached the station when the train came.
Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived.

Σημείωση: Το hardly …. when χρησιμοποιείται συνήθως σε πιο


επίσημο λόγο.

 as soon as = immediately at or shortly after the time that


To as soon as μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί όπως οι παραπάνω
χρονικοί σύνδεσμοι, χωρίς όμως την αντιστροφή υποκειμένου –
ρήματος στη σύνταξη.
Ex:
As soon as I arrived at the station, the train came.
As soon as she finished one project, she started working on the
next.

 Prior to (something) (=πριν συμβεί/υπάρξει κάτι)


+ ing / + noun

Ex:
The questions had been asked prior to my arrival.
The plane seemed to catch fire a few seconds prior to taking off.

 Due to = caused by
Ακολουθεί ύστερα από οποιαδήποτε μορφή του ρήματος to be.
Δεν ξεκινάει ποτέ πρόταση.
Ex:
His absence was due to illness.

 Because of
Δεν χρησιμοποιείται μετά από το ρήμα to be.
ex:
Because of all of this, their freezer would be filled with ice cream
and joy for years to come.

 Owning to = because of
Μπαίνει συνήθως στην αρχή της πρότασης.
ex:
Owing to illness, he missed the exam.

 Provided/providing (that) = on the condition that


ex:
He's welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself.

 As long as /So long as =since = during the time that


ex:
You can play in the living room as long as you don’t make a mess.
So long as a tiger stands still, it is invisible in the jungle.
 Since
a. You use since when you are mentioning a time or event in the
past and indicating that a situation has continued from then
until now.
Ex.:
I've been here since the end of June.
I returned home to Sussex and have since worked as a solicitor.

b. You use since to mention a time or event in the past when


you are describing an event or situation that has happened
after that time.
Ex.:
He turned out to have more battles with the Congress than any
president since Andrew Johnson.
So much has changed in the sport since I was a teenager.

c. You use since to introduce reasons or explanations.


Ex.:
I'm forever on a diet, since I put on weight easily.
Since she did not make enough money to live in her own
house, she went back to live with her mother.

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