BASKETBALL (GROUP 2):

Galapia, Fame Iverette

Domingo, Mary Divine
Esierjose, Roxy Nicole

Malapo, Gleazy Mariel

Velasco, Jean
Bagayan, Daniel Dyne
Gonzales. Mhel Bryan
Regpala, Nathan Louis
Ting, Rafael Astley

Mariah Patricia Cruz

H. O. P. E. 2 Teacher
 I. Nature, Background, and History of Basketball
Basketball is a game played between two teams of five players on a rectangular court,
usually indoors. The objective of the game is to shoot a ball through a basket. It is one of the most
popular and widely viewed team sport in the world.
Shooting, passing, dribbling, rebounding, and running are the commonly used skills used
in the game, as well as different positions (player positioning) defensive and offensive structure
and techniques; the “center,” “power forward” or “small forward” are the tallest players of the
team, while “point guard” or “shooting guard” are the shorter players of the team that possess the
best ball handling skills and speed play.
It was invented by the Canadian clergyman, educator, and physician James Naismith on or
about December 1891, at the International Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Training
School (now Springfield College) in Springfield Massachusetts. It was Luther Halsey Gulick,
Naismith’s supervisor and the College’s first physical education director, who challenged
Naismith to invent a new indoor game for the school’s students to play during the long New
England winter. The first basket used for the first game was a peach basket and a soccer ball was
used for the first two years of playing basketball.

II. Facilities in Basketball

• Court dimensions: The court is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions, 28m long and
15m wide, measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
• Backboard and Rim: The height above the ground for the rim is 10 feet, and the rim is 18
inches in diameter. 72 inches wide by 42 inches tall is the size of the backboard, with the
inner square of 24 inches wide by 18 inches tall.
• At the backcourt is the team’s own basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the part of
the playing court limited by their own end line, side lines and center line.
• The front court consists of the opponents’ basket, inbounds part of the backboard and the
part of the playing court limited by the end lines behind the opponents’ basket, side lines
and inner edge of the center line nearest to the opponents’ basket.
• Lines: All lines are white, 5cm wide and clearly visible.

DIMENSIONS OF A WHOLE COURT IN BASKETBALL

 DIMENSIONS OF A HALF COURT IN BASKETALL

III. Equipment in Basketball

• Ball – a ball of basketball is most of the time made of leather with the official size of 29.5
to 30 inches in circumference for men’s game and 28.5 inches in circumference for
women’s game. It should weigh 18 to 22 ounces. When bounced off 6 feet from the floor,
a well inflated ball should bounce 49 to 54 inches in height.
• Uniform - when one starts coaching a basketball team, the most important requirement for
a team is to have a uniform. This helps one in differentiating a team from another. A
uniform consists of a jersey (shirt), shorts, numbers on the front and back of the shirts for
identification.
• Basketball sneakers – basketball shoes help prevent injuries, in part, by providing
adequate ankle support. High-top sneakers offer the best ankle support; these shoes should
also lace up to the top to help provide a snug fit.
• Water Bottle – is a container that is used to hold water, liquids, or other beverages for
consumption. The use of a water bottle allows an individual to drink and transport a
beverage from one place to another. A water bottle is usually made of plastic, glass, or
metal.
• Scoreboard – is a large board that displays the score in a game.
• Whistles – are used by the referees to give signals on the game.
• Timer – used to regulate the playing time and track the duration of the game.

IV. Technical and Tactical Skills in Basketball

TECHNICAL SKILLS
• Dribbling – is an important skill for all basketball players. This skill will allow you to
move around the court, maneuver past defenders and execute plays. This involves bouncing
the ball off the floor with your hands. Proper dribbling requires ballhandling skills and
knowledge of how to spread your fingers for ball control. It is also best if you know how
to dribble equally well with both hands.
• Shooting – the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. It
requires the ability to properly hold and throw the ball into the air toward the basket while
avoiding defenders.
 • Passing – another skill that when mastered can help you become a complete basketball
player. A pass happens when one player throws the ball to another player with a purpose
of setting up a play or taking a shot.
Basic Passes
Chest Pass. The pass originates from the chest. It is thrown by gripping the ball on the
sides with the thumbs directly behind the ball. When the pass is thrown, the fingers are
rotated behind the ball and the thumbs are turned down.
Bounce Pass. Is thrown with the same motion however it is aimed at the floor. It should
be thrown far enough out that the ball bounces waist high to the receiver.
Overhead Pass. Is often used as an outlet pass. Bring the ball directly above your forehead
with both hands on the side of the ball and follow through. Do not bring the ball behind
your head, because it can get stolen, and it takes a split-second longer throw the pass.

• Rebounding – the objective of this is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after
a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. This plays a
major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. The team with
the most possessions has a better chance of winning.
• Running – this is an important skill in basketball. You will find yourself running back and
forth as the game quickly transitions between offense and defense. When you have the ball,
running will help you to avoid defenders and get to the basket quicker. On defense, you
often will find yourself needing to run after the opponent, especially during fast breaks.

TACTICAL SKILLS
• Spacing – the amount of spacing on the court has a huge effect on defense, offense, and
even rebounding in basketball. It is commonly said that the best shot in basketball is no
shot at all because a defender can sometimes render a good offensive player useless with
proper swarming defense. And while spacing on defense is important to ensure open
shooters are not left open, you also need effective spacing on offense to ensure the best
pass opportunities as well.
• Cutting through the lane – is the most direct route by which a basketball player can move
toward that basket. Cutting in this fashion allows players to finish with a lay-up, take their
defender off-balance, or pass quickly to players on the wings. The proper use of cutting
movements is crucial because they can open scoring opportunities for teammates, or
dramatically improve the shot quality of one’s own shots.
• Setting ball screens – is made up of five parts: footwork, contact, angle, balance, and
finishing the play. Each section focuses on an element of setting a screen that if overlooked
adds up to give your opponent the opportunity to defend the play effectively.
• Defense – no offensive team can be successful without a strong defense. From the game
of basketball, we have seen how some players become successful while others do not. One
of these reasons is because they put the work on their defense more than they do on their
offense. So, as a player, it is essential to contribute to the defense of the game.

V. Rules of the Game

RULES FOR THE OFFENSE:
The offensive basketball team is the one that has the ball. When a player has the basketball,
he or she must observe the following rules:
1. The ball must be bounced, or dribbled, with one hand while both feet are moving. If both
hands touch the ball at the same moment or the player stops dribbling, the player can only
move one foot. The motionless foot is referred to as the pivot foot.
 2. The basketball player is only allowed to dribble once. In other words, once player has
stopped dribbling, he or she cannot begin dribbling again. A player who resumes dribbling
is charged with a double-dribbling infraction and loses possession of the ball to the other
side. After another player from either team touches or obtains control of the basketball, a
player can begin another dribble. This usually occurs following a shot or a pass.
3. The ball must remain within the boundaries of the field. If the offensive team loses the ball
out of bounds, the ball is turned over to the opposing team.
4. While dribbling, the player's hand must be on top of the ball. Carrying the ball occurs when
a player touches the bottom of the basketball while dribbling and continues to dribble, and
the player loses the ball to the opposing team.
5. The offensive team is not allowed to return to the backcourt once they have crossed half
court. A backcourt violation is what this is known as. The offensive team can lawfully
reclaim the ball if the defensive team knocks it into the backcourt.

DEFENSIVE RULES (The team without the basketball)

Do not foul. Gaining an unfair advantage through physical contact is defined as a foul. The
referee must make some decisions, but in general, the defensive player may not contact the
attacking player in such a way that the offensive player loses the ball or misses a shot.
1. Despite the fact that the foul rule is referred to as a defensive rule, it applies to all players
on the floor, including attacking ones.
2. Basketball players are unable to kick or hit the ball with their fist.
3. No player is allowed to touch the basketball when it is falling towards the hoop or on the
rim. This is referred to as goaltending. (In some games, touching the ball on the rim is
permitted.)

POINTING SYSTEM
• Free Throw – 1 point
• Goal Shot within the perimeter – 2 points
• Beyond the 3-point line – 3 points

VI. Officiating
1. Referee (Crew Chief)
- The head official in charge of the game.
- Has the final decision on disputes.
- Oversees other officials and ensures proper rule enforcement.
2. Umpire(s) (Assistant Referees)
- Assist the referee in making calls.
- Monitor different areas of the court.
- Help determine fouls, violations, and other infractions.
3. Scorer
- Records the score, fouls, timeouts, and substitutions.
- Ensures the official scorebook is accurate.
4. Timekeeper
- Manages the game clock and shot clock.
- Stops and starts the clock according to the referee’s signals.
5. Shot Clock Operator
- Controls the 24-second shot clock (or 14 seconds after an offensive rebound).
- Resets the shot clock when necessary.