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Home / Class 12 - Informatics Practices Preeti Arora / Data Visualization using Matplotlib

Chapter 2
Data Visualization using
Matplotlib
Class 12 - Informatics Practices Preeti Arora

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1

Data Visualization refers to the graphical or

visual representation of information and data
using visual elements like charts, graphs and
maps, etc.

Question 2

Pyplot is a collection of methods with Matplotlib

library which allows the user to construct 2D plots
easily and interactively.

Question 3

The line chart is a graph of plotted points on two

axes connected by a straight line.

Question 4

Title is the text that appears on the top of the plot

and defines what the chart is about.

Question 5

The axes of a plot can be labelled using xlabel()

and ylabel() functions.

Question 6

A histogram is a summarization tool for discrete

or continuous data.

Question 7
Pyplot module's hist() let us create histograms.

Question 8

In a bar chart, each column represents a group

defined by a categorical variable.

Question 9

barh() function is used to create horizontal bar

chart.

Question 10

The area on which actual plot will appear is

defined by axes.

Question 11

Bins describe the number of data points that fall

within a specified range of values.

Question 12

To change the orientation of the histogram, we

can use orientation argument with hist().

Question 13

Legends are used to explain different sets of

data plotted in different colors or marks in the
chart.
State True or False

Question 1

The Matplotlib is a Python interface.

Answer

False

Reason — Matplotlib is an open-source 2D

plotting library for the Python programming
language that helps in visualizing figures.

Question 2

To save the plot, we have to use save graph()

function.

Answer

False

Reason — To save the plot, we have to use

savefig() function.

Question 3

Plot can be saved in a pdf format.

Answer

True

Reason — Matplotlib supports saving plots in

various formats, including PDF. We can use the
savefig() function and specify the file extension

as .pdf to save the plot in PDF format. For

example, to save the bar_plot as a PDF file, we
use the following statement :
plt.savefig("bar_plot.pdf") .

Question 4

We can specify different colors for different bars

of a bar chart.

Answer

True

Reason — In Matplotlib, we can specify different

colors for different bars of a bar chart by passing
a list of colors to the bar() function. The syntax
is plt.bar(x, y, color=[color1,
color2,.....]) .

Question 5

To use pyplot for data visualization, we have to

import it by giving import command: import
matplotlib.pyplot

Answer

True

Reason — To use pyplot for data visualization,

we need to import it from the matplotlib library
using the command import matplotlib.pyplot .

Question 6

Pyplot is a Python library.

Answer

False

Reason — Pyplot is a module of matplotlib

library of Python containing collection of methods
which allows a user to create 2D plots and
graphs easily and interactively.

Question 7

To specify a common width for all bars in a bar

graph, we have to use thick argument.

Answer

False

Reason — To specify a common width for all

bars in a bar graph, we have to use the width
argument.

Question 8
To add a title to the plot, we have to call function
header().

Answer

False

Reason — The title() function is used to set a

title for the plot.

Question 9

Markers are data points in the graphs.

Answer

True

Reason — The data points being plotted on a

graph/chart are called markers.

Question 10

Line style argument of plot() function is not

required in scatter chart.

Answer

True

Reason — When creating scatter charts using

Matplotlib's plot() function, the linestyle
argument is skipped because scatter plots do not
use line styles.

Question 11

When we don't specify X or Y limits for a plot,

then pyplot does not automatically decide limits
as per values being plotted.

Answer

False
Reason — When we don't specify X or Y limits
for a plot, pyplot automatically decides the limits
based on the values being plotted. It sets the
limits to the minimum and maximum values of the
data, so that all the data points are visible in the
plot.
Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

Which Python package is used for 2D graphics?

1. matplotlib.pyplot
2. matplotlib.pip
3. matplotlib.numpy
4. matplotlib.plt

Answer

matplotlib.pyplot

Reason — A Python package

matplotlib.pyplot is used for creating 2D

graphics, including plots, charts, and graphs.

Question 2

The most popular data visualization library in

Python is:

1. pip
2. matinfolib
3. matplotlib
4. matpiplib

Answer

matplotlib

Reason — Matplotlib is the most popular data

visualization library in Python.
Question 3

Matplotlib allows you to create:

1. table
2. charts
3. maps
4. infographics

Answer

charts

Reason — Matplotlib is used for creating static,

animated and interactive 2D-plots or figures in
Python. It is a plotting library that provides a wide
range of chart types, including line plots, scatter
plots, bar charts, histograms etc.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a visualization under

Matplotlib?

1. Line plot
2. Histogram
3. Bar plot
4. Table plot

Answer

Table plot

Reason — Matplotlib is a plotting library that

provides various visualization tools, including line
plots, scatter plots, histograms, and bar plots.

Question 5

Which of the following commands is used to

install Matplotlib for coding?
 1. import plt.matplotlib as plot
2. import plot.matplotlib as pt
3. import matplotlib.plt as plot
4. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Reason — The correct command to import

Matplotlib for coding is import matplotlib.pyplot
as plt . This is the standard way to import

Matplotlib, where matplotlib.pyplot is the

module that provides the plotting functions, and
as plt assigns the alias plt to the pyplot

module.

Question 6

Which of the following methods should be

employed in the code to display a plot()?

1. show()
2. display()
3. execute()
4. plot()

Answer

show()

Reason — In Matplotlib, the show() method is

used to display a plot.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is used to

create a histogram of 'step' type with 20 bins?

1. plt.hist(x, bins = 20, histtype = "barstacked")

2. plt.hist(x, bins=20)
 3. plt.hist(x, bins=20, histtype="step")
4. plt.hist(x, bins=20, histtype=hist())

Answer

plt.hist(x, bins=20, histtype="step")

Reason — The histtype parameter in the

hist() function is used to specify the type of

histogram to be created. In this case,

histtype="step" is used to create a step

histogram. The bins=20 parameter specifies that

the histogram should be divided into 20 bins.
Hence, the correct statement is plt.hist(x,
bins=20, histtype="step") .

Question 8

The part of chart which identifies different sets of

data plotted on plot by using different colors is
called:

1. legends
2. title
3. axes
4. figure

Answer

legends

Reason — A legend is a part of a chart that

identifies different sets of data plotted on the plot
by using different colors, symbols.

Question 9

Which of the following is an incorrect example of

savefig() function?

1. plt.savefig("bar1.pdf" )
 2. plt.savefig("bar1.png")
3. plt.savefig("bar1.eps")
4. plt.savefig("bar1.ppt")

Answer

plt.savefig("bar1.ppt")

Reason — The savefig() function in matplotlib

is used to save a figure to a file. It supports
various file formats such as PDF, PNG, EPS,
SVG, etc. However, PPT (PowerPoint) is not a
supported file format for saving figures in
matplotlib.

Question 10

Which of the following plots makes it easy to

visualize a trend in data over intervals of time.

1. Box plot
2. Histogram
3. Line Chart
4. Bar chart

Answer

Line Chart

Reason — A line chart is a type of plot that

displays data as a series of points connected by
lines, making it easy to visualize trends in data
over intervals of time.

Question 11

COVID-19 patient analysis in the Mumbai region

is to be plotted. The command used to give title
to X-axis as "No. of Patients" in the graph is:

1. plt.show()
 2. plt.plot("No. of Patients")
3. plt.xlabel("No. of Patients")
4. plt.title("No. of Patients")

Answer

plt.xlabel("No. of Patients")

Reason — The plt.xlabel() function is used to

set the label for the x-axis of a plot. In this case,
the command plt.xlabel("No. of Patients")
sets the x-axis label to "No. of Patients", which is
suitable for a COVID-19 patient analysis in the
Mumbai region.

Question 12

Python Matplotlib ............... is used to compare

different categorical or discrete variables.

1. line plot
2. bar graph
3. histogram
4. boxplot

Answer

bar graph

Reason — A bar graph is a type of plot that uses

rectangular bars with heights or lengths
proportional to the values they represent to
compare different categorical or discrete
variables.
Assertions and Reasons

Question 1

Assertion (A): Data Visualization helps users in

analyzing a large amount of data in a simple way.
Reasoning (R): Data Visualization makes
complex data more accessible, understandable
and usable.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.

Explanation
Data visualization refers to the graphical or visual
representation of information and data using
visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps.
These visual tools help in analyzing a large
amount of data in a simple way. Because of this,
data visualization makes complex data more
accessible, understandable, and usable.

Question 2

Assertion (A): import matplotlib.pyplot as plt is

used to import pyplot module.

Reasoning (R): Matplotlib is a Python library and

pyplot is a module that contains functions to
create various plots.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
 4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.

Explanation
The command to import pyplot is import
matplotlib.pyplot as plt. Matplotlib is a Python 2D
plotting library for creating publication-quality
figures. Pyplot is a module within the Matplotlib
library that contains a collection of methods
which allow users to create 2D plots and graphs
easily and interactively.

Question 3

Assertion (A): Data Visualization refers to the

graphical representation of information and data
using visual elements like charts, graphs and
maps, etc.

Reasoning (R): To install matplotlib library, we

can use the command - pip install matplotlib.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct

explanation of A.

Explanation
Data visualization refers to the graphical or visual
representation of information and data using
visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps. To
install the Matplotlib library, we use the command
pip install matplotlib .

Question 4

Assertion (A): A histogram is basically used to

represent data provided in the form of groups
spread in non-continuous ranges.

Reasoning (R): matplotlib.pyplot.hist() function is

used to compute and create histogram of a
variable.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

A is false but R is true.

Explanation
A histogram is used to represent data provided in
the form of discrete or continuous ranges. The
matplotlib.pyplot.hist() function is used to

compute and create a histogram of a variable.

Question 5

Assertion (A): legend (labels = ['Text']) is used to

give title to the graph.

Reasoning (R): plt.savefig("path") will save the

current graph in png or jpeg format.
 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

A is false but R is true.

Explanation
The statement legend(labels=['Text']) is used
to add a legend to the graph, not a title. The title
of the graph is set using plt.title('Title
Text') . The statement plt.savefig("path")

saves the current graph to the specified path in

PNG or JPEG format.

Question 6

Assertion (A): In histogram, X-axis is about bin

ranges whereas Y-axis talks about frequency.

Reasoning (R): The bins (intervals) must be

adjacent and are often (but are not required to
be) of equal size.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
Explanation
A histogram's X-axis shows the bin ranges, which
are intervals for the data, and the Y-axis shows
the frequency of data points within each bin.
These bins must be adjacent to each other and
are often of equal size, although they don't have
to be.

Question 7

Assertion (A): Bar graph and histogram are

same.

Reasoning (R): A bar graph represents

categorical data using rectangular bars. A
histogram represents data which is grouped into
continuous number ranges and each range
corresponds to a vertical bar.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

A is false but R is true.

Explanation
Bar charts and histograms are not the same. A
bar chart or bar graph is a chart that presents
categorical data with rectangular bars, where the
heights or lengths of the bars are proportional to
the values they represent. On the other hand, a
histogram is a type of graph that provides a
visual interpretation of numerical data by
indicating the number of data points that lie within
a range of values, and this corresponds to a
vertical bar.

Question 8

Assertion (A): Marker has different elements

i.e., style, color, size, etc.

Reasoning (R): We can customize line of a line

chart by using marker property of plot() function.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A.
2. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A.
3. A is true but R is false.
4. A is false but R is true.

Answer

A is true but R is false.

Explanation
A marker in a chart or graph can have various
elements such as style (e.g., circle, square,
triangle), color, size, and others. The marker
property is used to customize the markers
(points) in a chart, not the line itself. The line in a
line chart can be customized using other
properties such as linestyle, linewidth, color, etc.
Case/Source Based Questions

Question 1

Hindustan Departmental Stores sell items of daily

use such as shampoo, soap and much more.
They record the entire sale and purchase of
goods month-wise so as to get a proper analysis
of profit or loss in their business transactions.
Following is the csv file containing the "Company
Sales Data".

Read the total profit of all months and show it

using a line plot. Total profit data has been
provided for each month. Generated line plot
must include the following properties:

X label name = Month Number

Y label name = Total profit

Answer

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.read_csv("C:\\company_sales_data.csv")
profitList = df['total_profit'].tolist()
monthList = df['month_number'].tolist()
plt.plot(monthList, profitList, label = 'Month
plt.xlabel('Month number')
plt.ylabel("Profit in dollars")
plt.xticks(monthList)
plt.title('Company profit per month')
plt.yticks([100000, 200000, 300000, 400000, 50
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 2

Anirudh is trying to write a code to plot line graph

shown in the figure below. Help him fill in the
blanks in the code and get the desired output.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #

x = [1, 2, 3] #
y = [2, 4, 1] #
plt.plot(x, y, color = 'g') #
............... #
............... #
# giving a title to graph
plt. ............... ('My first graph!') #
 # Function to show the plot
............... #

(i) Which of the above statements is responsible

for plotting the values on canvas?

1. Statement 8
2. Statement 4
3. Statement 1
4. None of these


(ii) Statements 5 & 6 are used to give names to 
X-axis and Y-axis as shown in Fig.1. Which of the
following can fill those two gaps?

1.

plt.xlabel('X - axis')
plt.ylabel('Y - axis')

2.

plt.xtitle('x - axis')
plt.ytitle('y - axis')

3.

plt.xlable('x - axis')
pit.ylable('x - axis')

4.

plt.xlabel('x axis')
plt.ylabel('y axis')

(iii) Raman has executed code with first 7

statements but no output is displayed. Which of
the following statements will display the graph?

1. plt.display()
 2. plt.show()
3. matplotlib.pyplot.display()
4. Both (b) & (c)

(iv) The number of markers in the above line

chart are:

1. Zero
2. Three
3. Infinite
4. Not defined

(v) Which of the following methods will result in

displaying 'My first graph!' in the above graph?

1. legend()
2. label()
3. title()
4. Both (a) & (c)

Answer

(i) Statement 4

Reason — The plt.plot() statement is used to

plot y versus x data on the canvas in
Matplotlib.

(ii)

plt.xlabel('X - axis')
plt.ylabel('Y - axis')

Reason — The xlabel() and ylabel()

functions are used to give labels to x-axis and y-
axis respectively.

(iii) plt.show()
Reason — The plt.show() statement is used to
display the graph.

(iv) Three

Reason — There are three markers in the line

chart, corresponding to the three data points (1,
2), (2, 4), and (3, 1).

(v) title()

Reason — The plt.title() method is used to

set the title of the graph, which in this case is "My
first graph!".
Solutions to Unsolved Questions

Question 1

Plot a line chart for depicting the population for

the last 5 years as per the specifications given
below:

plt.title("My Title") will add a title "My Title" to

your plot.

plt.xlabel("Year") will add a label "Year" to

your X-axis.

plt.ylabel("Population") will add a label

"Population" to your Y-axis.

plt.yticks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) set the numbers on

the Y-axis to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Pass it and
label as a second argument. For example, if
we use this code plt.yticks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
["1M", "2M", "3M", "4M", "5M"]), it will set the
labels 1M, 2M, 3M, 4M, 5M on the Y-axis.

plt.xticks() — works the same as plt.yticks(),

but for the X-axis.

Answer
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ['1M', '2M', '3M',
plt.title("My Title")
plt.xlabel("Year")
plt.ylabel("Population")
plt.xticks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ["2019", "2020", "
plt.yticks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ['1M', '2M', '3M',
plt.show()

 

Output

Question 2

What is Matplotlib?

Answer

Matplotlib is an open source 2D plotting Python

library for creating static, animated and
interactive figures.

Question 3

What do you mean by pyplot?

Answer

Pyplot is a module of matplotlib library of Python

containing collection of methods which allows a
user to create 2D plots and graphs easily and
interactively.

Question 4

How many types of graphs are plotted using

pyplot?

Answer

The types of graphs that can be plotted using the

pyplot module are as follows:

1. Line plots
2. Scatter plots
3. Bar charts
4. Histograms
5. Pie charts
6. Box plots

Question 5

Which function is used to show the graph?

Answer

The show() function is used to show the graph.

Question 6

Differentiate between figure and axes.

Answer

Figure Axes

Figure is the Axes is the

outermost area of individual plot within
Matplotlib graph. the figure.

It contains one or It contains two or

more than one axes. three axis objects.
 Figure Axes

It contains plots, It contains title, an

legend, axis label, x-label and a y-
ticks, title etc. label.

It provides a canvas It displays the data

for the plot. in a specific format.

Question 7

What is the use of subplot() function? Write its

parameters.

Answer

The subplot() function is used to display

multiple charts in the same window.

The syntax of the subplot() function is:

subplot(nrows, ncols, index) .

The parameters are:

1. nrows: The number of rows in the grid of

subplots.
2. ncols: The number of columns in the grid of
subplots.
3. index: The index of the subplot to create,
starting from 1 and increasing from left to
right, top to bottom.

Question 8

Write a Python program to draw a line with a

suitable label in the X-axis and Y-axis, and a title.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.plot([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 4, 6, 8, 10])
plt.title("Line Graph")
 plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
plt.show()

Output

Question 9

Write a Python program to plot two or more lines

with legends, different widths and colors.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x1 = [10,20,30]
y1 = [20,40,10]
plt.plot(x1, y1, color='blue', linewidth=3, la
x2 = [10,20,30]
y2 = [40,10,30]
plt.plot(x2, y2, color='red', linewidth=4, lab
plt.legend()
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 10

Write a Python program to plot two or more lines

and set the line markers.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x1 = [10,20,30]
y1 = [20,40,10]
plt.plot(x1, y1, marker='o', label='line1-circ
x2 = [10,20,30]
y2 = [40,10,30]
plt.plot(x2, y2, marker='s', label='line2-squa
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 11

Write a Python program to display a bar chart of

the number of students in a class. Use different
colors for each bar.

Sample data:

Class: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

Strengths: 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 38, 50, 37, 43, 39

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

classes = ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI',
strengths = [40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 38, 50, 37, 4
plt.bar(classes, strengths, color=['red', 'gre
plt.title('Number of Students in Each Class')
plt.xlabel('Class')
plt.ylabel('Number of Students')
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 12

Write a Python program to display a horizontal

bar chart of the number of students in a class.

Sample data:

Class: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

Strengths: 40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 38, 50, 37, 43, 39

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

classes = ['I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI',
strengths = [40, 43, 45, 47, 49, 38, 50, 37, 4
plt.barh(classes, strengths)
plt.title('Number of Students in Each Class')
plt.xlabel('Number of Students')
plt.ylabel('Class')
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 13

Plot a line graph for: y2 = 4*x

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
x = np.arange(1, 5)
y = np.sqrt(4 * x)
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.title('Line Graph of y² = 4x')
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.show()

Output
Question 14

Write a Python program to plot the function y = x2

using the Matplotlib library.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

x = np.arange(1, 5)
y = x ** 2
plt.plot(x, y)

plt.title('Line Graph of y = x²')

plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')

plt.show()

Output

Question 15

Name the various methods used with pyplot

object.

Answer

The various methods used with 'pyplot' object are

as follows:
 1. Plotting methods — plot(), scatter(), bar(),
hist() and pie().
2. Labeling and titling methods — xlabel(),
ylabel() and title().
3. Legend methods — legend().
4. axis methods — axis(), xlim(), ylim(), xticks()
and yticks().
5. grid methods — grid().
6. figure and axes methods — figure(),
subplots().
7. display and save methods — show(),
savefig() and close().

Question 16

Write the specific purpose of the following

functions used in plotting:

(a) show()

(b) legend()

Answer

(a) show() — The purpose of the show()

function is to display the plot.

(b) legend() — The purpose of the legend()

function is to add a legend to the plot. In a
chart/graph, there may be multiple datasets
plotted. To distinguish among various datasets
plotted in the same chart, legends are used.
Legends can be different colors/patterns
assigned to different specific datasets. The
legends are shown in a corner of a chart/graph.

Question 17
Plot a histogram of a class test of 40 students
based on random sets of marks obtained by the
students (MM=100).

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np
marks = np.random.randint(0, 101, 40)
plt.hist(marks)
plt.title('Class Test Marks')
plt.xlabel('Marks')
plt.ylabel('Frequency')
plt.show()

Output

Question 18

A list, namely temp contains average temperature

for seven days of last week. You want to see how
the temperature changes in the last seven days.
Which chart type will you plot for the same and
why?

Answer

A line chart is the suitable choice for visualizing

how the temperature changed over the last seven
days. The line chart shows trends over time and
displays continuous data, making it ideal for
representing temperature values. The chart's
ability to connect data points allows viewers to
easily observe temperature trends and
understand variations across the seven-day
period.

Question 19

Collect data about colleges in Delhi University or

any other university of your choice and number of
courses they run for Science, Commerce and
Humanities, store it in a CSV file and present it
using a bar plot.

Answer

import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = {"Stream": ["Science", "Commerce", "Hum

"Number of Courses": [12, 10, 15]
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)
df.to_csv('du_colleges.csv', index=False)

df = pd.read_csv("du_colleges.csv")
plt.bar(df["Stream"], df["Number of Courses"])
plt.xlabel("Stream")
plt.ylabel("Number of Courses")
plt.title("Number of Courses in Each Stream")
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 20

What is a histogram? How do you create

histograms in Python?

Answer

A histogram is a summarization tool for discrete

or continuous data, providing a visual
interpretation of numerical data by showing the
number of data points that fall within a specified
range of values.

The hist() function of the Pyplot module is

used to create and plot a histogram from a given
sequence of numbers. The syntax for using the
hist() function in Pyplot is as follows:

matplotlib.pyplot.hist(x, bins = None,

cumulative = False, histtype = 'bar', align =

'mid', orientation = 'vertical', ) .

Question 21

What are the various types of histograms that

can be created through hist() function?

Answer
The hist() function in Matplotlib's Pyplot
module allows creating various types of
histograms. These include the default bar
histogram (histtype='bar'), step histogram
(histtype='step'), stepfilled histogram
(histtype='stepfilled'), barstacked histogram
(histtype='barstacked').

Question 22

When should you create histograms and when

should you create bar charts to present data
visually?

Answer

Histograms are great for displaying specific

ranges of values and are ideal for visualizing the
results of continuous data, such as the ages of
students in a class. Bar charts, on the other
hand, are effective for comparing categorical or
discrete data across different categories or
groups, such as comparing the sales
performance of different products.

Question 23(i)

Given the following set of data:

Weight measurements for 14 values of muffins (in

grams)

78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65

79, 74, 71, 83, 71, 79, 80

Create a simple histogram from the above data.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

weights = [78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65, 79, 74,
plt.hist(weights)
 plt.title('Weight Distribution of muffins')
plt.show()

Output

 

Question 23(ii)

Given the following set of data:

Weight measurements for 14 values of muffins (in

grams)

78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65

79, 74, 71, 83, 71, 79, 80

Create a horizontal histogram from the above

data.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

weights = [78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65, 79, 74,
plt.hist(weights, orientation = 'horizontal')
plt.title('Weight Distribution of muffins')
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 23(iii)

Given the following set of data:

Weight measurements for 14 values of muffins (in

grams)

78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65

79, 74, 71, 83, 71, 79, 80

Create a step type of histogram from the above

data.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

weights = [78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65, 79, 74,
plt.hist(weights, histtype = 'step')
plt.title('Weight Distribution of muffins')
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 23(iv)

Given the following set of data:

Weight measurements for 14 values of muffins (in

grams)

78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65

79, 74, 71, 83, 71, 79, 80

Create a cumulative histogram from the above

data.

Answer

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

weights = [78, 72, 69, 81, 63, 67, 65, 79, 74,
plt.hist(weights, cumulative = True)
plt.title('Weight Distribution of muffins')
plt.show()

 

Output
Question 24

Kritika was asked to write the names of a few

libraries in Python used for data analysis and one
method of each. Help her write at least 3 libraries
and their methods.

Answer

The three libraries in Python used for data

analysis are as follows:

1. Pandas library — array() function

2. NumPy library — DataFrame() function
3. Matplotlib library — plot() function

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