ARADIAL RADIUS

RADIUS Overview
http://www.aradial.com
ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

©2022 Aradial

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Document Information
Software Version: 7x/8.x
Document Version: 1.0
Publication Date:

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

Contents
1. Product Overview ....................................................................................................... 5
2. Architecture................................................................................................................. 8
Aradial RADIUS Basic Features .................................................................................... 10
AAA standards ........................................................................................................... 10
CDMA2000 and Mobile IP support ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Authorization policy support...................................................................................... 10
Authorization policy support (2)................................................................................ 11
Data stores ................................................................................................................... 11
Catalog management .................................................................................................. 11
IP address management .............................................................................................. 11
Record format ............................................................................................................. 11
Record editing ............................................................................................................. 11
Prepaid capabilities ..................................................................................................... 11
Fraud management ..................................................................................................... 12
Record standards......................................................................................................... 12
File format ................................................................................................................... 12
Usage interface ........................................................................................................... 12
Accounting flexibility................................................................................................. 12
Revenue assurance...................................................................................................... 12
Interfaces and APIs..................................................................................................... 12
Hardware and OS ....................................................................................................... 12
Architecture scalability............................................................................................... 13
Solution performance ................................................................................................. 13
Interoperability............................................................................................................ 13
Monitoring and management ..................................................................................... 13
Uptime and availability .............................................................................................. 13
Logging ....................................................................................................................... 13
Reporting..................................................................................................................... 14
Fault tolerance............................................................................................................. 14
Fault management ...................................................................................................... 14
3. Aradial Features & Benefits ................................................................................... 15
Radius ............................................................................................................................... 15
Accounting and User Database ....................................................................................... 19
Remote Access................................................................................................................. 20
Administration ................................................................................................................. 22
SNMP Support................................................................................................................. 24
Reposts & Statistics ......................................................................................................... 25
Special Features ............................................................................................................... 26

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

4. Performance .............................................................................................................. 29

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 ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

1. Product Overview
Aradial is a high performance full-featured RADIUS server. Boasting excellent
performance and technological superiority, Aradial is the unquestioned market
leader in its class.
Extensive support for: ISP, Wifi, Fixed Wireless, WSIP, FTTH, Mobile
Companies.

The server includes some of the most innovative features available in the
market today. It is easy of use, scalable and features a plug-in architecture
providing support for almost any new functionality or network element.

Aradial's 100% web-based interface ensures easy connectivity from anywhere.

Coupled with a state server that enables to monitor what is happening in the
network, in real time, Aradial turns a web browser into the ultimate remote
control.

Through an easy to use scripting interface fail over mechanisms can be applied,
some resources cab be dedicated for particular end users, time of day decisions
on network load can be made, and much more.

Using policy algorithms, Aradial can implement rule-based authentication giving

a complete manageability of network resources.
Aradial is vendor independent allowing to use Cisco's access servers including
Wireless LAN (Aironet series) , Ascend's MAX Series, Lucent's Portmaster,
Bay's, Shiva's, any combination of them or any other RADIUS enabled product.

Wireless Security Suite: Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), 802.1X, EAP

Cisco Wireless (LEAP), Protected EAP (PEAP), EAP-TTLS and EAP-TLS. EAP-SIM
and EAP-AKA.

Aradial can use its own user database, an external ODBC compliant database or
use a LAN user database with Aradial LAN to WAN permissions mapping
mechanism, without any duplicate user database hassles.

Support for connection to LDAP, allowing maintaining a single centralized user

database.

Additionally, the server's full list of administrative and reporting utilities make it
a single point of control.

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Aradial's advanced proxy support allows transparent operation in even the most
complex of network environments.

Aradial, a powerhouse of features and performance is affordably priced and

ready to download for an evaluation today.

Reliability and scalability

Aradial RADIUS is a true performed with Tier 1 (99.997%) reliability and

scalability to comfortably support over a million subscribers. Though installed
and suited to serve the largest providers, the Aradial RADIUS is high performing
and therefore requires low cost hardware, supporting most service providers’
requirements on a commercial Pentium machine.

Web based administration

Aradial RADIUS turns the web browser into a remote control. The server can be
accessed from anywhere in the world over secure SSL, with no client side
installation what so ever. All needed is a web browser in order to configure
RADIUS settings from anywhere, view all currently online sessions, modify the
subscriber record, and more.

Support for the latest RFCs

Aradial software supports the latest RADIUS RFCs, supporting xDSL services,
vendor specific attributes and a host of other features such as predefined
attribute check lists. Aradial’s experience in the RADIUS and billing market
means that you are guaranteed a solution that will continue evolving into the
future.

Aradial Radius is compliant with the following RADIUS RFCs:

 RFC 2433 -- MS Chap

 RFC 2548 -- Microsoft Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes

 RFC 2579 -- MS Chap V2

 RFC 2865 -- Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service

(obsoletes RFC 2138; updated by RFC 2868)

 RFC 2866 -- RADIUS Accounting (obsoletes RFC 2139; updated

by RFC 2867)

 RFC 2809 -- Compulsory Tunneling via RADIUS

 RFC 2867 -- Accounting Modification for Tunnel

 RFC 2868 -- RADIUS Attributes for Tunneling Support

 RFC 2869 -- RADIUS Extensions

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

 RFC 2882 -- NAS Requirements: Extended RADIUS Practices

 RFC 2619 and 2621 and 2571 -- Radius Authorization and

Accounting SNMP

 RFC 3172 -- RADIUS and IPv6

 RFC 4679 -- DSL Forum Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes

 RFC 3748, 3579, 3580 -- Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP)
 RFC 2716 -- EAP TLS Authentication Protocol

 RFC 3575 -- IANA Considerations for RADIUS

 RFC 3576 -- Packet-of-disconnect (PoD) and change-of-

authorization (CoA)

 RFC 3172 -- RADIUS and IPv6

Full support for Secure Wireless RADIUS

Hot Spot Server for wireless includes an integrated RADIUS server
that is particularly suited for the security and authentication
requirements of wireless based network including:

EAP based authentication – EAP-MD5, EAP-TLS, EAP-TTLS, PEAP, LEAP

EAP-SIM and EAP-AKA – for supporting wifi offloading

MAC Address based authentication

IEEE 802.1x based WEP security

Additional standards support for extension module

These are additional modules that are supported by Aradial AAA:

 Wimax Forum NWG 1.3/1.4

 Wimax Prepaid application

 Diameter Protocol RO/RF and Gy/Gx

 Diameter SWx for Wifi offloading

 HSS option

 PDSN prepaid application

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2. Architecture

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

Aradial RADIUS server is based on the following technologies:

 Written in C++/C

 Multi Process and Multithreaded technologies

 100% Web based UI

 Portable code: Unix and Windows

 High performance Radius servers

 RDBMS

Aradial has several modules:

1. Admin Process - Web based administration – using a web browser

the administrator can change the Aradial configuration in real-time and
affect the server.

The admin can do the following:

a. Configure the NAS

b. Configure all the server parameters (e.g. threads, database

connections,).

c. User groups and user database – hold the user profiles.

Aradial support customizable permission hierarchy for administrators.

2. RADIUS server process – This is the main process that handles

incoming and outgoing RADIUS requests.

a. Support all standard RADIUS attributes.

b. Configurable NAS models using dictionary files ('Radius

Dictionaries'). This includes 3GPP Mobile VSA.

c. Authentication and Authorization using Oracle/RDBMS user

database or LDAP or both as failover (if one fails try the second).

d. Write accounting to Oracle database/RDBMS or Files or both.

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 ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

e. The RADIUS server is multithreaded. A separate configuration for

Authentication threads and Accounting threads.

f. Has a plug-on policy algorithm to alter the standard behavior of

the server. The algorithm can use database queries and all the
requests data.

g. Perform proxy request towards external RADIUS or in different

protocols to external systems (using the Policy algorithms).

h. Perform IP Addresses allocations.

i. Support standard RADIUS SNMP MIB and generates SNMP

TRAPS.

Aradial RADIUS Basic Features

AAA standards
Supported standards:
 RFC 2865 -- Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
 RFC 2866 -- RADIUS Accounting
 RFC 2882 -- NAS Requirements: Extended RADIUS Practices
 RFC 2619 and 2621 -- Radius Authorization and Accounting SNMP
 RFC 2869 -- RADIUS Extensions
 RFC 2284 -- Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

3G – 3GPP support
Support 3gpp dictionaries for GGSN and Mobile IP specific RADIUS dictionaries.

CDMA2000 and Mobile IP support

Support using CDMA2000 and Mobile IP specific RADIUS dictionaries.
Supporting PDSN for CDMA2000.

Authorization policy support

Out of the box support for authorization based on time of day, caller ID. A Checklist
mechanism allows to accept/reject an authorization based on any RADIUS attribute on
the access requests. Aradial flexible policy mechanism allows implementing of
authorization policies for additional non-user specific parameters like any RADIUS
attribute (like location), or other parameters, provided they are available to the RADIUS
server.

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An embedded LUA and TCL scripting language (configuration) can be used for the
above without coding.

Authorization policy support (2)

Support for authorization based on time bank and mega byte bank, account status,
password lockout mechanism. Other user specific, non profile parameters can be
added using the flexible policy algorithm mechanism, using LUA/TCL scripts or C++
shared libraries.

Data stores
Support for the following user policy databases: Oracle, SQL Server, or LDAP.

Catalog management
New services can be added using Aradial implementation. The service definition
includes static authorization parameters, while personalized authorization parameters
are flexibly defined as part of the user profile.

IP address management
Aradial provides out of the box support for IP pool management.

Record format
Every RADIUS attribute can be written to the usage detail records. All attributes are
defined using dictionaries. There is a default dictionary and vendor specific dictionaries.
The dictionaries can contain native RADIUS attributes or vendor specific attributes
(VSA’s).

Record editing
The format of the usage detail records (CDR’s) is defined using a configurable text file.
Therefore, it is possible to define specifically which attributes will be written to the CDR
files.

Prepaid capabilities
The RADIUS server cannot proactively interrupt a session. It is the network element
responsibility to monitor the user usage and call the RADIUS server for re-
authentication for each quota. The RADIUS server can allocate duration or volume
quota from a duration or volume bank. For a full prepaid, integration with a online
charging billing system is required (prepaid system).

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Fraud management
Support for limiting the number of concurrent simultaneous sessions at the user or
group level. The limit may be to a single session or to a specified number of concurrent
sessions. Support for password lockout. Support for authorizing a user based on his
caller ID

Record standards
Comma delimited files and flexible text file format defined by a configuration template.
Also CDRs can be written to a relational database.
Using the internal scripting language the records can be written to any format.

File format
Support for flat files or flat XML files using a flexible text file format.

Usage interface
Aradial rely on the mediation/billing system to pull the CDR files. FTP or socket transfer
of CDRs can be developed in customization.

Accounting flexibility
The accounting can be customized using the flexible policy algorithms or the embedded
LUA & TCL scripting language (can format the output).

Revenue assurance
Ability to write the usage records to record stores simultaneously: text CDR files and a
relational database for backup.

Interfaces and APIs

Standard interfaces described in a previous item (AAA standards).
We have the following customer management API's:
a. Using HTTP/REST, SOAP and Jason
b. Using TCP/IP provisioning.
c. Using CGI API.
d. Customized - you can request an API and we will provide it.

Hardware and OS
Hardware supported: Intel, AMD
System software: Windows, Linux.

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

Architecture scalability
Aradial supports vertical scalability using multi-threaded architecture and providing
linear scalability. Horizontal scalability is supported using multi server deployment of
Aradial.

Solution performance
 Aradial can support millions of users in one Oracle database or LDAP server.
 Millions of concurrent sessions.
 The performance depends on the database performance and storage.
 Using Oracle native OCI API and reuse of statements.
 Special treatment to partition the accounting log into separate tables (also the
native Oracle 9i partitioning can be used)
 All the reference data is cached in the memory of the server.

For partial performance data sheet please see datasheet at the end.

Interoperability
Successful Integration with iPass and GRIC and many other RADIUS vendors
(RADIUS proxy).

Monitoring and management

 Monitoring of active sessions.
 RADIUS server statistics.
 Full management and administration capabilities using a web based user interface.
 SNMP monitoring based on RFC 2619 and 2621.

Uptime and availability

 Ability to perform online load (reconfiguration without restart) of major configuration
elements (like NAS definitions, user group definitions). Several parameters will
require a restart.
 Database high availability using Oracle RAC.
 AAA server high availability using multi process deployment.

Logging
 Support for multiple log topics (like Severe, Warning, Info, Debug, SQL Info, Etc.).
 Ability to configure each log topic separately. Also ability to reconfigure without
restart of the server.
 Logs can be written to the following targets: local files, NT event log or Syslog.

Sample text log format:

21/22/1002 10:21:22 Receive: Request from host 127.0.0.1 code=1, id=2, length=49
12/11/2004 20:13:18 User-Name = "DemoUser1"
12/11/2004 20:13:18 Password = "\92r\91W\f3\1d>@\c3\cc+\a0\0f\18na"

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12/11/2004 20:13:18 Sending Code=2, Id=2 to 127.0.0.1

12/11/2004 20:13:18 User-Service-Type = Framed-User
12/11/2004 20:13:18 Framed-Protocol = PPP
12/11/2004 20:13:18 Framed-Address = 255.255.255.254
12/11/2004 20:13:18 Framed-Netmask = 255.255.255.255
12/11/2004 20:13:18 Class = "Svc=1"

Reporting
Online Statistics:
1. Online Graphs: Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Yearly, and all time average.
2. Different Types: Logins, Simultaneous Sessions, and Time Used
3. Different Axis: By Group, By NAS and Total
4. Full SNMP support.

Online Sessions: View all Online Sessions with detailed information of UserID, IP,
Online time, Origin and more.

Admin Reports:
1. Administrator Reports delivered to you by Email on a daily, weekly or monthly basis.
2. Different Report Types: Summary, Top Ten Users and Group.

Fault tolerance
The Radius server is stateless, where all session data is stored in a relational database
(active sessions and IP pools). The use of Oracle Real application cluster enables the
fault tolerance.
Database storage will use RAID and virtual storage for H/A (EMC or Veritas).
Using 3’rd party monitoring and keep alive tools from EMC, Veritas, Next Nine, etc.
Each Radius server can be configured to use two database connections; if one fails the
other would be used.

Fault management
 Full SNMP support for the Radius server.
 Implementation of RFC 2619, 2621 (RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB and RADIUS-
ACC-SERVER-MIB).
 Supports sending TRAPS to the network administration tool via SNMP.

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 ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

3. Aradial Features & Benefits

Aradial provides a rich set of features covering almost any aspect of remote access, security
integration and interoperability issues. Below are highlights from version 3.0 features.

Radius
RADIUS Server

Feature:
Fully featured, high performance Radius Server.

Benefits:
1. Fully integrated system.
2. Central User Management.
3. Works seamless with all other features.

NAS/Proxy Templates

Feature:
Define NAS templates with IP wildcards and shared secret.

Benefits:
Faster configuration and easier maintenance.

AAA

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ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

Feature:
Support for RFCs 2138 and 2139 for Radius Authentication,
Authorization and Accounting (AAA).

Wireless LAN security support: EAP

Benefits:
Vendor independent support including Ascend, Bay Networks, Cisco,
3Com, Shiva Microsoft and more.

Proxy and Roaming

Feature:
Advanced Proxy support including static forwarding and DNS
forwarding (Roaming).

Benefits:

1. Deploy multi branch servers that can service each other.

2. Use central user database for multi site setups.

3. Outsource Remote Access while maintaining control over users,

groups, permission and billing, or provide outsourced Remote
Access.

Policy Algorithms and External API

Feature:

1. Customizable handling flow for each RADIUS message type

2. Flow is made of a chain of RADIUS algorithms

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3. Core algorithms supplied with the product

Authentication & Authorization algorithm

4. Several accounting algorithms

5. Proxy algorithm

6. New algorithms can be developed using C++ shared libraries.

Benefits:
Policy Algorithms can help you connect the Radius server to External
Servers or External Database.

TCL and LUA Policy Algorithms

Feature:

1. Customizable handling flow for each RADIUS message type

2. LUA and TCL are embedded into the Radius Server as a

scripting language

3. New algorithms can be developed using LUA or TCL language.

Benefits:
Very simple message handling in scripts.

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User Metering Support/Limit Enforcement

Feature:

4. Using Special Policy Algorithm.

5. Connected to a define External Database.

6. Define accumulators per user, Duration and Megabyte.

7. When authorizing the user check if the accumulator has been

depleted.

8. Send Session-Timeout attribute to limit the session time.

9. In accounting, deduct the amount of usage in real-time.

Benefits:
Aradial will enforce the credit limitations, defined in the External
Billing system.

Multiple Dictionaries

Feature:
Use our database of over 50 vendor specific dictionaries, which may
be easily customized for your special configuration, or create your
own set of dictionaries. Aradial can also read Free Radius dictionary
files.

Benefits:
Take full advantage of vendor specific RADIUS attributes to tailor
your setup to your needs.

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Accounting and User Database

Accounting

Feature:
The accounting Data can be sent either to text files that can be
configured in a template file or database logging.

There is a special mechanism to partition the database tables to be

separated per month.

User Database: Groups and Users

Feature:
Groups hierarchy was added to this product for users.

Group has a profile for its users: IP Pool to use, Multilink, maximum
loggings per group, maximum simultaneous loggings.

Each user belongs to a group that contains information about his

general profiles and can override it.

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Remote Access

Predefined Network Services

Feature:
Predefined services for PPP/SLIP/Telnet. You can easily add and
modify services tailored for your setup.

Benefits:
No need to learn RADIUS RFCs and attributes in order to add new
services. Saves time and money.

IP Pools

Feature:
Allocate Pools of IPs for all Access servers.

Benefits:
Centralized IP management. Saves time for setup maintenance and
saves valuable resources.

CallerID and MAC Capture

Feature:
1. Enhance Security and bare the call cost.
2. Define a 1 or more CallerIDs numbers per user.
3. Define ID templates with wildcards.
4. Allow capturing automatically the Caller ID (e.g. MAC address) and
add it to the user profile.

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Benefits:
1. Enhance Security and bare the call cost.
2. Control number allowed to be callbacked (avoid long distance
charges).
3. Saves time and money for setup and maintenance of all users
numbers (trade off with callback extra security).

Concurrent Sessions Control

Feature:
1. Limit the number of sessions a user may have at the same time,
on per user or per group basis.
2. Limit the numbers of sessions off all users from a specific group
may have at the same time.
3. If stop is not received by the RADIUS, Aradial has unique cleanup
mechanism based on Interim Accounting to clean the sessions and
avoid the user for being disallowed to login again.
4. Includes Online session user interface with ability to STOP/send
POD for a session or all user sessions.

Benefits:
1. Avoid misuse of your system by users who distribute their
passwords.
2. Have more control over group accounts.

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Administration

Web Interface

Feature:
Full Web Interface, supports all 3rd and 4th generation Web browsers
(Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer)

Benefits:
1. Administer from anywhere.
2. Low learning Curve for interface - Saves Time and money.

Native Web Server Integration

Feature:

Native Web Servers Support by either IIS, Apachea.

Benefits:
1. Integrate with existing Web servers.
2. Fast and safe.
3. Better security - By using your web server you may impose
limitations on who is able to access the web interfaces (IP allow,
deny).

Tiered Access

Feature:
Password protected Administration. Define Permissions for each
operation.

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Benefits:
1. Secure Access to administrative operations.
2. Delegate Administrative tasks to co-Admins

(*) Web Self Care Interface

Feature:

Allows users to login and handle their account.

1. Update there users information.

2. Change password.

3. View session report.

(*) Captive Portal

Feature:

A customizable Captive portal that support many access controllers

and NASes. The user is be redirect to the captive portal for login and
registration.

Aradial support also portal branding and multi-location branding.

(*) Business Entity support (multi tenant)

Allow to group users under a business entity and allow them to

manage the users under them.

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SNMP Support
SNMP Support

Feature:

Full SNMP support for the Radius server.

Implementation of RFC – 2619, 2621

RADIUS-AUTH-SERVER-MIB

RADIUS-ACC-SERVER-MIB

Supports sending TRAPS to the network administration tool via

SNMP.

Benefits:

Monitor & Diagnose performance in real-time. Optimize system by

spotting network bottlenecks. Support for Decisions.

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Reposts & Statistics

Online Statistics

Feature:
1. Online Graphs: Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Yearly, and all time
average.
2. Different Types: Logins, Simultaneous Sessions, and Time Used
3. Different Axis: By Group, By NAS and Total

4. Full SNMP support.

Benefits:
Monitor & Diagnose performance in real-time. Optimize system by
spotting network bottlenecks. Support for Decisions.

Online Sessions

Feature:
View all Online Sessions with detailed information of UserID, IP,
Online time, Origin and more.

Benefits:
Monitor your system in real-time.

Admin Reports

Feature:
1. Administrator Reports delivered to you by Email on a daily, weekly
or monthly basis.

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2. Different Report Types: Summary, Top Ten Users and Group.

Benefits:
Have all the information you need delivered to you even when you
are out of the office.

Special Features

Event Scripting

Feature:
Run batch scripts with user parameters when user is added,
removed, de-active, re-active or when user change password.

Benefits:
1. Open web sites, email accounts and provide additional services.
2. When user changes his password through the web, all other
password are changed as well.

Customize Interface

Feature:
You may customize the interface for the administrator, user and new
user using a simple HTML editor.

Benefits:
1. Use custom made pages and scripts to best fit your special needs.
2. Write you own user interface to be accessed through the web.

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Fault Tolerant

Feature:
1. Run in a primary/backup environment of servers.
2. Mirror the backend database.
3. Use alternate database SQL Server and Oracle

Benefits:
No single point of failure.
Achieve maximal availability of your system.

Extra Security

Feature:
1. Enable timed account lockout when maximal password attempts is
reached.
2. Four password encryption methods to choose from.

3. Wireless LAN security Protocols

Benefits:
Enhanced Security of your system.

Extensive Logging

Feature:
1. Fast configuration to log anything form severe errors to a debug
level into text files.
2. Highly integrated with Windows NT Event Viewer, for logging all
Information, Warning, and Severe reports.

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Benefits:
1. No Unknown Errors. By turning on a higher level of logging, you
may immediately see what is wrong.
2. Centralized logging environment. See logged events as you see
them under any other Windows NT application.

Batch Administration

Feature:
Batch user administration handles thousands of users automatically.

Benefits:
Save time when needed to do batch changes or routine
administration for a large amount of users.

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 ARADIAL RADIUS Product Overview

4. Performance
 Aradial can support millions of users in one MS SQL or Oracle database
or LDAP server.
 Millions of user’s sessions.
 The performance depends on the database performance and storage.
 Using Oracle native OCI API and reuse of statements.
 Special treatment to partition the accounting log into separate tables
(also the native Oracle partitioning can be used and MS SQL
partitioning)
 All the reference data is cached in the memory of the server.

Performance Tested with 10M users in the database in Cisco labs in USA.
Authorization has one request from the NAS:
Access-Request, Access-Accept
Medium: 1950 per/sec on 1 CPU Quad core Windows or Linux
High: 27,000 per/sec on 2 CPU iCore 7 Windows 2008/2019
with MS SQL server 2008/2019.
AAA- Authorization and Accounting Requests: (3 messages)
Sending Accounting records to Database
High: 10,000 per/sec on 2 CPU iCore 7 Windows 2008/2019
with MS SQL server 2008/2019.
Including 3000 Dynamic IP allocations

Latency Latency: 5-30 msec (95% less that 50msec).

Http Server Thin client (3rd/4th generation web browser) served by either proprietary or
ISAPI compatible web server.

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